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Management > FINAL Management EXAM > Flashcards

FINAL Management EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 components of people centered practices (Pfeffer)

A

1) protection of job security
2) rigorous hiring process
3) employee empowerment
4) compensation linked to performance
5) comprehensive training
6) reduction of status differences
7) sharing a key information

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2
Q

What are the Recruiting technique success rates

A

1) referrals 25%
2) general job lisiting sites 17%
3) headhunters / agencies 17%
4) classified ads 15%
5) corporate websites 6%

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3
Q

What are some tips for recruiting

A

1) use social networks of existing employees and friends
2) use personal contact
3) target (people who fit your company)
4) carefully proofread all ads

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4
Q

What are characteristics of good training

A

1) guided experience to change employee behavior and or attitudes
2) only one to help people learn

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5
Q

What is the general model of HR

A

1) Human capital : potential of workforce, captured in their knowledge
2) Human resource management : process of attracting, developing and keeping a qualified workforce

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6
Q

What are the development options

A

1) education
2) assessment and feedback
3) work experiences
4) relationships

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7
Q

What is job analysis

A

a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work related aspects of a job

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7
Q

Managers as Teachers

A

1) explain basis concepts (TELL)
2) demonstrate performance (SHOW)
3) solicit practice (WATCH)
4) provide constructive feedback (ENCOURAGE)

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8
Q

What is job description

A

work centered; written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee

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9
Q

what is job specification

A

worker centered; written summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform the job

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10
Q

What is structured and unstructured interviews

A

1) structured: no fixed questions or systematic scoring, shortcoming: susceptible to distortion and interview bias- low validity, open legal attack
2) unstructured: interviewers are free to ask the applicants anything they want

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11
Q

What are some appraisal options

A

1) objective measures (best): measure of job performance that are easily and directly counted or quantified
2) subjective ratings (worst): requires someone to judge or assess a workers performance

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12
Q

What is Bona fid occupational qualification (BFOQ)

A

exception in employment law that permits sex, age, and religion being used when making employment decisions, but only if they are reasonably necessary to the business; strictly monitored by Equal Employment opportunity commission

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13
Q

What are the guidelines for effective interviews

A

1) planning the interview: develop questions and be knowledgable on the job
2) conducting: make applicant feel calm and comfortable, asking well thought out questions
3) after: review notes and determine probability of success

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14
Q

What are 2 training objectives?

A

1) impart information and knowledge: videos, lectures, planned readings
2) develop analytical and problem solving skills: case studies and coaching

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15
Q

What is functional turnover

A

loss of poor performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company

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16
Q

What is dysfunctional turnover

A

loss of high performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company

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17
Q

What is individual motivation

A

a set of forces that initiates, directs and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

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18
Q

What is the job performance equation

A

ability (can do) x motivation (will do) x situational constraints (no control over)

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19
Q

What are the 3 Theories of Needs

A

1) Alderfer ERG
- Existence, Relatedness, and Growth (more motivating)
2) McClelland Needs
- Affiliation, Achievement and Power
3) Maslows
- Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self actualization

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20
Q

What are job characteristics

A

1) combine tasks
2) form natural work units
3) establish client relationships
4) vertical loading
5) open feedback channels

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21
Q

Goals work best when…

A

you establish SMART goals

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22
Q

What did Latham and Baldes study conclude on goal setting

A

1) goals are difficult and specific
2) person is committed to pursuit
3) person has confidence in attainment
4) feedback is provided
5) task is fairly well learned

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23
Q

What is equity theory

A

people will be more motivated at work if they feel they are treated more equity for their time put in

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24
Q

What is reinforcement theory

A

behavior is a function of its consequences, that behaviors followed by positive consequences will occur more frequently, and that behaviors followed by negative consequences.

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25
Q

What is fairness theory

A

1) distributive
- outcomes, rewards relevance to others
2) procedural
- rules, policies, and procedures were fair (no bias)
3) interactive
- treating people with kindness and consideration

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26
Q

What is expectancy theory

A

valance x expectancy x instrumentality = motivation
- if one of these variables declines, overall motivation will decline too

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27
Q

What is leadership

A

inspiring, influencing, guiding others in a common effort

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28
Q

What is management

A

planning, organizing, controlling, and allocating resources in a common effort

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29
Q

What are 4 broad types of leadership theory

A

1) trait theory
- starting in the early 1940s researchers ask what all great leaders are born with
2) behavioral
- what are the things that all great leaders do
3) situational
- 1970s how does what they do depend on the situation they are in
4) transformational
- 1980s how do leaders transform followers into cohesive groups

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30
Q

What are the 7 (plus 1) traits common to leaders

A

1) drive
2) desire to lead
3) honesty
4) self confidence
5) emotional stability
6) cognitive abilities
7) knowledge of business
8) height

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31
Q

What are general leader behavioral styles

A

1) initiating
- job centered leadership
- concern for production
- task focused
2) consideration
- employee centered leadership
- concern for people
- relationship focus

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32
Q

What is Fiedlers contingency theory

A

a leadership theory states that to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style

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33
Q

What is Hersey and Blanchards situational leadership theory

A

theory that says leaders need to adjust their leadership styles to match followers readiness

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34
Q

What are the 4 components of transformational theory

A

1) idealized influence
- who you are
2) inspirational motivation
- motivate their followers behind the meaning of why they are doing what they are
3) intellectual stimulation
- you need to question to move forward
4) individual consideration
- listen and understand your employees

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35
Q

transactional vs transformational leaders

A

transactional leaders can be good managers but not necessarily great leaders

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36
Q

What are 5 options in internationalization process

A

1) exporting
- selling domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries
2) corporative contracts
- business owner pays a company a fee
3) strategic alliances
- companies combine key resources
4) wholly owned affiliates
- owned 100% by a parent company
5) global ventures
- new companies that are founded with an active global strategy

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37
Q

What are two types of cooperative contracts

A

1) licensing
2) franchising

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38
Q

What is the difference between high and low context cultures

A

1) high
- cultures in which nonverbal and situational messages convey meaning
- relationship more important than terms
2) low
- cultures in which words convey primary meaning
- non verbal messages are secondary

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39
Q

What are the 5 Hofsteds dimensions

A

1) long term vs short term
2) uncertainty avoidance
3) masculinity vs femininity
4) individualism vs collectivism
5) power distance

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40
Q

what are characteristics of an attractive foreign business climate

A

1) growing markets
2) choosing an office location
3) minimizing political risk

41
Q

How to prepare for international assignment

A

language and cross training

42
Q

How to get funding

A

1) equity
- have investors give it to you
- they ask for a share of your company
2) debt
- you have to pay back interest with creditors
- don’t have to give up ownership
3) awards from competitions
- pitch contests
- business plan funding

43
Q

What are the 4 types of ownership

A

1) proprietorship / partnership
- you are personally liable for your debt and can lose everything
2) corporation
- the corporation has to be taxed twice
3) subchapter s corporation
- only taxed once
4) limited liability company

44
Q

What are the key concepts of “burn your business plan”

A

1) great oral presentation
2) compelling written story
3) effective web site
4) hard hitting financial projections

45
Q

What are the steps to rational decision making

A

1) define the problem
2) identify decision criteria
3) weight the criteria
4) generate alternative courses of action
5) evaluate each alternative
6) compute the optimal decision
7) limits to rational decision making

46
Q

What is SWOT anaylsis

A

strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

47
Q

What are the corporate grand stratagies

A

1) growth
- focuses on increasing profits, revenues, and market share or number of places to do business
2) stability
- focuses on improving the way the company sells the same products or services
3) retrenchment
- focuses on turning around very poor company performance by shrinking the size

48
Q

Firm level strategies

A

1) strategic moves in direct competition
- attacks and responses in red ocean
2) entrepreneurship
- movement into deep blue waters

49
Q

What are the 6 steps in control process

A

1) set standard
2) measure actual performance
3) compare with standards
4) identify deviations
5) analyze deviations
6) take corrective action

50
Q

What are two planning and control tools

A

1) PERT
2) Gantt

51
Q

What are 3 types of control

A

1) feedforward
- monitoring inputs
- anticipating and preventing problems
2) concurrent
- monitoring processess
- adjusting ingoing activities
3) feedback
- monitoring products
- learning from past mistakes

52
Q

What are 4 main components of a balanced scorecard

A

1) financial
2) customer
3) internal
4) learning

53
Q

What are the 2 types of innovation

A

1) experiential
- uncertain environments
- flexibility
- new product
2) compression
- certain environments
- series of steps
- faster/ cheaper

54
Q

What are 6 components of creative environments

A

1) encouragement from organization, supervisor, work group
2) challenge
3) lack of impediments
4) freedom
5) expertise
6) positive moods

55
Q

What are the 5 basic departmentalization structures

A

1) functional
- organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions
2) product
- responsible for producing particular products
3) customer
- particular kinds of customers
4) geographic
- doing business in particular geographic areas
5) matrix
- most use product and functional together

56
Q

What are 3 ways change is hard

A

1) self interest
2) misunderstanding and distrust
3) general intolerance

57
Q

mechanic vs organic design

A

1) mechanistic
- very clear chain of command
- centralized authority
- low delegation
2) organic
- think broadly about who you report to
- decentralized authority
- high delegation

58
Q

line vs staff authority

A

1) line
- the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command
2) staff
- the right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in the chain of command

59
Q

What are the 4 types of managers

A

1) top
2) middle
3) first line
4) team leaders

60
Q

What are the 3 models of managers

A

1) who managers are
2) what managers do
3) what skills managers have

61
Q

What are the 4 functions of managers

A

1) planning
- setting goals and deciding on action
2) organizing
- establishing departments
3) leading
- influencing others to get the job done
4) controlling
- setting standards

62
Q

How to gain management skills

A
  • reading, reflections, relationships, real experience, self management
63
Q

What are the most common 3 mistakes managers make

A

1) insensitive to others, intimidating
2) cold, aloof, arrogant
3) betraying trust

64
Q

how do you transition to management

A

1) initial: be the boss, manage tasks, formal authority
2) after 6 months: fast pace, heavy workload
3) after year: learning to adapt, people development

65
Q

what are the stages of the self management process

A

1) self assessment and planning
2) goal setting
3) self and environmental control
4) evaluating/ rewarding progress

66
Q

what are the emotional control activities

A

count your blessings

67
Q

What Morgensterns time management tips

A

1) delete
2) delay
3) diminish
4) delegate

68
Q

What is the team productivity equation

A

potential prod. + process gains - process losses

69
Q

What are the process gains and losses

A

1) gains
- load balancing
- information exchange
- social fac.
2) losses
- group maintenance
- social loafing
- production blocking

70
Q

What are Norms

A

informally agreed upon standards that regulate team behavior

71
Q

What are 2 main roles team members play

A

1) task
- behaviors associated with doing work
2) social
- build cohesion / getting to know each other

72
Q

How do you maximize benefits of diversity

A

get to know one another backgrounds, assume the best intentions, create time/ space for questions

73
Q

What is ethics

A

a set of principles that defines what is right and wrong for a person or group

74
Q

what is ethical behavior

A

behavior that conforms to a society accepted principles of right and wrong

75
Q

what is ethical intensity

A

the degree of concern people have about an issue: social consensus, temporal immediacy, proximity of effect

76
Q

how do you encourage ethical behavior

A

1) recruit
2) select
3) hire ethical people
4) establish a code of ethics
5) provide training
6) create an ethical climate
7) measure and enforce

77
Q

what are the 6 factors of ethical intensity

A

1) magnitude of consequences
2) social consensus
3) probalitites of effect
4) temporal immediacy
5) proximity of effect
6) concentration

78
Q

shareholder vs stakeholder view

A

purpose of business is to maximize profit (stockholder) vs purpose of business is to create value for society (stakeholder)

79
Q

what is corporate social responsibility

A

a business obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society

80
Q

what is the relationship between social responsibility and economic performance

A

generally a small positive relationship between social and economic performance

81
Q

what are the social responsibility strategies

A

1) proactive
2) accommodative
3) defesnive
4) reactive

82
Q

what is environmental scanning

A

systematically searching the environment for events or issues that might affect on organization

83
Q

what are the components of general environment

A

1) economy
2) technology
3) social cultural
4) political / legal

84
Q

what are the components of specific environment

A

1) customers
2) competitors
3) suppliers
4) industry- specific laws
5) advocacy groups

85
Q

What is the estimated prevalence of email and meetings

A

3 meetings a day / 82 emails a day

86
Q

What is nonverbal behavior and its effects

A

body language, facial expressions, and intonation and pitch
-positive: smiles, nods, eye contact
- negative: frowns, eye rolling, head shaking

87
Q

What are some tips on communicating through email

A

1) be clear and concise
2) use subject line effectively
3) relay use graphics
4) never assume privacy
5) always include your name and other relevant information
6) inform recipient about replying
7) business email should read like a business letter

88
Q

What are 3 types of outcomes for influence

A

1) resistance (least)
- dont change attitude
2) compliance
- will change, wont like it
3) acceptance (most)
- will change

89
Q

What are the cultural differences between china and US

A

1) both
- rational persuasion
- exchange
- ingratiation
2) only china
- coalition
- gifts / favors

90
Q

What is the perception process and problems

A

1) attention
- noticing
2) organization
- incorporating new info
3) interpretation
- attaching meaning
4) retention
- remembering info

91
Q

What are the steps in the communication process

A

1) message to be conveyed
2) encode message
3) transmit message
4) receive message
5) decode message
6) message that was understood

92
Q

What is active listening

A

assuming half the responsibility fro successful communication by actively giving the speaker nonjudgmental feedback that shows you’ve accurately heard what they said

93
Q

What are the 4 major historical approaches

A

1) scientific
- use thougfhrly study and testing to identify best
2) administrative
- the people in charge who manage should
3) human relations
- people matter
4) systems
- made up of common parts that are needed to achieve a purpose

94
Q

in the competing values framework, companies operating in flexible environments with an external focus tend to create value through….

A

innovation

95
Q

Components of management by best seller

A

1) gurus and best seller
2) potential problems
- selective inclusion
- can encourage simplistic thinking

96
Q

What was the earliest management idea?

A

sumerian businesses used small clay tokens to calculate quantities of grain and live stock, tokens were used to store data

97
Q

What is Taylors 4 principles of scientific management?

A

1) develop a science for each element of a mans work, replacing rule of thumb method
2) select and train
3) heartily cooperate with the men so s to ensure all of the work is in accordance
4) almost equal division of the work and responsibility

98
Q

What are Webers 7 bureaucratic organizations

A

1) qualification based hiing
2) merit based promotion
3) chain of command
4) division of labor
5) impartial application of rules and procedures
6) recorded in writing
7)manages separate from owners

99
Q

Relationship between corporate social responsibility and economic performance

A

no tradeoff between the two

Management (2 decks)

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