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Language and Speech Development > final LSD > Flashcards

final LSD Flashcards

1
Q

horizontal expansion

A

addition of semantic features to definitions; makes definition more specific

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2
Q

vertical expansion

A

child learns the various meanings a given word may have

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3
Q

operational meaning

A

how it is used in a particular context

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4
Q

metalinguistic phenomnon

A

the more the child knows about life, the more he knows about language, the more skillfully and completely he will identify the components of the dictionary definitions

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5
Q

chunking

A

process of placing words into categories based on their semanitic relationships

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6
Q

sytagmatic paradigmatic shift

A

understand complete sentence but not individual meaning of each word until after 5 yrs

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7
Q

idiom

A

figurative expression peculiar to a particular language or group of people

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8
Q

proverb

A

popular wis saying or statement of truth

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9
Q

passive sentence

A

the noun is not performing the verb

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10
Q

principle of minimal distance

A

the preceding noun closest to the verb is treated as the subject of the sentence

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11
Q

embedding

A

sentences wehre the relative pronoun is deleted but understoond (elimination of “that”)

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12
Q

morphophonemic alterations

A

sound changes that occur when the base morpheme is changes (sign–signature)

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13
Q

morphophonemic alterations related to plurality

A

/s/ added to unvoiced sounds; /z/ added to voiced sounds

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14
Q

vowel shifting

A

pronounce– pronunciation

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15
Q

gerunds

A

change a verb to a noun and add -ing

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16
Q

agentive verb forms

A

take a verb and make into a “naming noun” (singer)

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17
Q

what is the most dramatic change in language development during the school years

A

pragmatics (use of language)

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18
Q

allophone

A

a nondistinctive speech sound change

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19
Q

phoneme

A

speech sound that is recognized as a specific sound and is different from all other speech sounds

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20
Q

distinctive features

A

features that differentiate phonemes

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21
Q

phonology

A

rules that determine how sounds can be sequenced into syllables and words

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22
Q

phonological process approach

A

designed to describe productions that vary from standard targets

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23
Q

phonological process

A

rules that children use to make productions easier

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24
Q

how many phonological processes are there?

A

nearly 40

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25
Q

coalescense

A

replacement of 2 adjacent phonemes with a single phoneme

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26
Q

epenthesis

A

addition of a sound

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27
Q

metathesis

A

transposition of sounds in a word

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28
Q

coarticulation

A

the influence sounds have on one another in context

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29
Q

babbling drift

A

child’s babbling drift into adult sounds

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30
Q

discontinuity theory

A

babbling and true speech are 2 separate stages of development

31
Q

protoword

A

a word used consistently with clear intent, but is not a real word (moo moo = cow)

32
Q

what age is most phonological processes suppressed?

A

4

33
Q

phoneme-by-phoneme view of development

A

designed to establish norms for phonetic acquisition by assessing phonemic abilities of large #s of children within a broad age range

34
Q

customary production

A

correct production of a phoneme in 2/3 word positions by 50% of subjects in a given age

35
Q

mastery

A

correct production of phoneme in all appropriate word positions by 90% of the subjects at a specific age level

36
Q

The Behaviorist Theory

A

selective reinforcement and the role of the child’s caregiver in the acquisition process

37
Q

Structuralist Theory

A

meaningful speech involves loss of ability to produce an unlimited variety of sounds and true speech sounds emerge slowly

38
Q

Natural Phonology Theory

A

all children are born with the same ser ot phonological processes or rules by which “ohonlogical oppositions” are modified to reflect the natural “restrictions of the human speech capacity”

39
Q

Prosodic Theory

A

child’s phonological system matures as a consequence of mastering information in both

40
Q

cognitive theory

A

suggests that although all children face the same challenges in mastering the phonological system of their language and they all devise strategies for meeting the challenges, they do not all develop the same strategies

41
Q

Biological Theory

A

phonological development can be explained on the basis of biological forces, all children are innately predisposed to produce the same articulatory motor acts

42
Q

Self-organizing theory

A

both biological and environment, part of phonological development involves the discover of universal patterns, but the development of a particular language’s phonological system will not be complete until the child also discovers the patterns unique to that language

43
Q

Dialect

A

given variety of a language shared by a group of speakers

44
Q

standard dialect

A

a variety of a language spoke by people of relatively high status

45
Q

nonstandard/ vernacular dialect

A

the indigenous community dimension of language varieties

46
Q

accent

A

speech characteristics or variations of SOUNDS

47
Q

dialect

A

language variations as well as speech

48
Q

regional dialects

A

variety of language used by people used by people living in a restricted geographic area

49
Q

New England and Northeast Region

A

/r/ omission, influenced by the sea, new york, new jersey, easter PA

50
Q

northern and midwest region

A

PA Ohio, strong german influence

51
Q

Southern Region

A

variety of dialects, influece of rural terms, lousiana has french influences

52
Q

Creolist Theory

A

AAE is hybrid derived from several African languages and many others

53
Q

Pidgin language

A

develops as speakers of a nondominant language accept a few key words from the dominant language

54
Q

Creole language

A

when pidgin language becomes the primary language of a group of people

55
Q

29

A

of linguistic rules of AAE that differ from Standard English

56
Q

Social Action Approach

A

students actually take action to solve problems that are created by cultural differences, used in conjunction with another approach

57
Q

Contributions Approach

A

include info on selected heroes and holidays from a range of cultures

58
Q

additive approach

A

includ aspects of other cultures into account, not just dominant culture

59
Q

Transformation Approach

A

structure the curriculum is fundamentally changed to allow students to understand, appreciate, and value the concepts, issues, events and themes from the perspectives of other cultures

60
Q

orofacial defects

A

clefts, defects of the tongue, dental malocclusions

61
Q

dysarthria

A

neurogenic motor speech disorders caused by neuromuscular impairments in any part of the nervous system

62
Q

organic disorders

A

biological cause

63
Q

functional

A

unknown cause, not physical

64
Q

phonological disorders caused by

A

structural abnormalities, neuropathologies, functional, structural

65
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

outer ear

66
Q

sensory neural loss

A

inner ear or cranial nerve

67
Q

normal hearing in dB

A

0-24 dB

68
Q

ID

A

intellectual disability

69
Q

must have to diagnose ID

A

subaverage significant intellegability, existing deficits, IQ of 68 or lower, maladaptive behaviors, manifested during development period

70
Q

ASD

A

Autism Spectrum Disorders

71
Q

5 different ASD

A

autism, asperger’s, childhood disintegrative disorders, persuasive developmental delay, Rhett’s syndrome

72
Q

of children diagnosed with autism

A

1/88

73
Q

causes of autims

A

genetic, environment or maybe both, unknown true cause

Language and Speech Development (1 decks)

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