Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sensory Neuroscience > Final Lecture: Review > Flashcards

Final Lecture: Review Flashcards

1
Q

Prior stimulation to a receptor does what?

A

Decreases sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the first step in stimulus perception?

A

Conduction of the stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

The middle ear improves transmission to the cochlea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The auditory nerve projects where?

A

To the cochlear nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The cochlear nucleus projects where?

A

To the inferior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The inferior colliculus projects where?

A

To the medial geniculate body of the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The medial geniculate body of the thalamus projects where?

A

To the primary auditory cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do cones provide?

A

Color discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Photoreceptors connect to which type of cell?

A

Bipolar, amacrine, and horizontal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are nociceptors regarded as sensory receptors?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is parallel processing?

A

Processing of the same modality of information in different areas of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is stream segregation?

A

Processing of different modalities in different areas of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What controls input into the thalamus?

A

The reticular thalamic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Classical pathways are also referred to as what?

A

Lemniscal pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Non-classical pathways are referred to as what?

A

Extralemniscal pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classical pathways use what part of the thalamus?

A

The ventral thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Non-classical pathways use what part of the thalamus?

A

The dorsal medial thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many modalities do classical pathways process?

A

One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many modalities do non-classical pathways process?

A

Multiple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What cells lie between photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells?

A

Bipolar, amacrine, and horizontal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Retinal ganglion cells of the classical pathway project from the optic chiasm to what?

A

The lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Retinal ganglion cells of the non-classical pathway project from the optic chaism to what?

A

The Superior colliculus

The Pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Type 1 auditory nerve fibers innervate what?

A

Inner hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Type 2 auditory nerve fibers innervate what?

A

Outer hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Do type 1 auditory nerve fibers converge or branch and diverge on inner hair cells?

A

Converge

26
Q

Do type 2 auditory nerve fibers converge or branch and diverge on outer hair cells?

A

Diverge

27
Q

What is the maximum ratio of type 1 auditory nerve fibers to type 2 auditory nerve fibers?

A

95:5

28
Q

What do cochlear implants stimulate?

A

The auditory nerve

29
Q

What is the function of the basilar membrane?

A

To separate sounds based on their frequencies

30
Q

Dermatomes are sections of skin innvervated by what?

A

Many fibers projecting from one dorsal root

31
Q

What taste is built in and not learned?

A

Sweet

32
Q

Pheromones activate cells where?

A

In the vermeronasal organ

33
Q

Where do olfactory bulb projections primarily lead?

A

The central nucleus of the amygdala

34
Q

Out of all of the senses, which sense is out of place in relation to the thalamus?

A

Olfaction (because it lacks a thalamic representation)

35
Q

What is the primary function of the superior colliculus?

A

To provide visual reflexes

36
Q

The frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane is dependent upon what?

A

The intensity of the sound

37
Q

Where do magnocellular and parvocellular layers reside?

A

In the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

38
Q

Where do taste fibers project?

A

To the nucleus of the solitary tract

39
Q

What is the short way for sensory systems to reach the amygdala?

A

Through a direct projection from the dorsal medial thalamus

40
Q

What is the long way for sensory systems to reach the amygdala?

A

Through the cortex from the primary and association cortices

41
Q

What part of the amygdala do sensory systems project to?

A

Olfactory: Central nucleus of the amygdala
Others: Lateral nucleus of the amygdala

42
Q

What does lateral inhibition do?

A

It increases contrast

43
Q

How does lateral inhibition work?

A

By having excitatory and inhibitory impulses enter the same cells

44
Q

Cells organized by frequency are known to be what?

A

Tonotopically organized

45
Q

What is the hearing threshold?

A

The intensity at which a response is given 50% of the time

46
Q

What is dark adaption?

A

The increase in sensitivity resulting from photoreceptors not being stimulated

47
Q

How does dark adaption differ from adaption?

A

In adaption, stimulation decreases receptor sensitivity

In dark adaption, lack of stimulation increases receptor sensitivity

48
Q

What is the function of outer hair cells?

A

To act as motors and amplify the movement of the basilar membrane

49
Q

How much can outer hair cells increase the intensity of the a sound by?

A

50dB

50
Q

What is the papilla?

A

The area where the optic nerve enters the retina

51
Q

How does the papilla affect vision?

A

It creates a blindspot in our visual field

52
Q

Why don’t we see a blindspot in our visual field?

A

Our brain fills in the gap

53
Q

What is the basis of color vision?

A

Spectral sensitivity of trichromatic (R/G/B) cones

54
Q

How is frequency discrimination achieved?

A

Through the basilar membrane interacting with a transduced sound wave and its time pattern

55
Q

What happens to a cortical system if there is no input?

A

The idle system will be taken over by an active system (plasticity)

56
Q

What is the sensitivity of a sense affected by?

A

The intensity and modality of the stimulation

57
Q

Where does the ventral thalamus project?

A

To primary sensory cortices

58
Q

Where does the dorsal medial thalamus project?

A

Secondary cortices
Association cortices
Sub-cortical structures

59
Q

Where do C-fibers in the dorsal horn project?

A

Lamina II

60
Q

Where do A𝛿-fibers in the dorsal horn project?

A

Lamina I

61
Q

What is ultra-acoustic emission?

A

The generation of sound by the cochlea

62
Q

How does ultra-acoustic emission work?

A

The basilar membrane self-oscillates, mechanical waves are sent backwards to the oval window, through the bones of the inner ear, and to the tympanic membrane which vibrates and generates sound in the ear canal.

Sensory Neuroscience (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions