final LE

Question 1

study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction

Answer 1

Psychopathology

Question 2

a psychological dysfunction which causes distress or impaired functioning and deviates from typical or expected behavior according to societal or cultural standards

Answer 2

Psychological Disorders

Question 3

clinically significant disturbance or breakdown in an individual’s cognition, emotion, and/or behavior

Answer 3

dysfunction

Question 4

refers to suffering, which can take the form of psychological or physical pain/stress, or both concurrently

Answer 4

distress

Question 5

when a person loses the capacity to function normally in daily life

Answer 5

impairment

Question 6

indicates a move away from what is normal, typical, or average (statistical or social norm deviance)

Answer 6

deviance

Question 7

two types of deviance

Answer 7

statistical and social norm

Question 8

when behavior represents a threat to the safety of the person themselves or others (not part of DSM-5 conceptualization)

Answer 8

dangerousness

Question 9

what may be expected and considered appropriate in one culture may be viewed as bizarre in other cultures

Answer 9

culture

Question 10

a behavior might be considered normal at one time, whereas the same behavior could be abnormal another time, depending on both context and situation

Answer 10

Context and Situation

Question 11

what is considered abnormal at one time in one culture may be normal another time, even in the same culture

Answer 11

Time

Question 12

abnormal behavior was viewed as being caused by agents outside the human body, such as demons, evil spirits, and heavenly bodies (ancient times and middle ages)

Answer 12

supernatural

Question 13

asserts that psychological disorders are caused by biological processes such as diseases and can be treated using biological methods

Answer 13

biological perspective

Question 14

emotional or psychological factors are the cause of psychological disorders

Answer 14

psychological perspective

Question 15

different social and cultural factors that can cause or contribute to the explanation of psychological disorders

Answer 15

sociocultural

Question 16

unresolved conflict between id and superego or imbalance of unconscious and conscious forces; conflicts not fully resolved in any psychosexual stages leads to fixation or getting stuck to some degree in a stage of development

Answer 16

psychoanalysis

Question 17

believed that there is a personal unconscious, as described by Freud, and a collective unconscious (memories shared by all members of the human species)

Answer 17

Carl Jung

Question 18

theory that as young, helpless children, people all develop feelings of inferiority when comparing themselves to the more powerful, superior adults in their world

Answer 18

Individual Psychology by Alfred Adler

Question 19

episodes of extreme fear and anxiety without warning – pounding heart, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain – that it feels like a heart attack

Answer 19

panic attack

Question 20

an optimal level of arousal (stress/ anxiety) results in optimal performance

Answer 20

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Question 21

a form of perserverative cognition that focuses on negative content, generally past and present, and results in emotional distress

Answer 21

rumination