final LE Flashcards
study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction
Psychopathology
a psychological dysfunction which causes distress or impaired functioning and deviates from typical or expected behavior according to societal or cultural standards
Psychological Disorders
clinically significant disturbance or breakdown in an individual’s cognition, emotion, and/or behavior
dysfunction
refers to suffering, which can take the form of psychological or physical pain/stress, or both concurrently
distress
when a person loses the capacity to function normally in daily life
impairment
indicates a move away from what is normal, typical, or average (statistical or social norm deviance)
deviance
two types of deviance
statistical and social norm
when behavior represents a threat to the safety of the person themselves or others (not part of DSM-5 conceptualization)
dangerousness
what may be expected and considered appropriate in one culture may be viewed as bizarre in other cultures
culture
a behavior might be considered normal at one time, whereas the same behavior could be abnormal another time, depending on both context and situation
Context and Situation
what is considered abnormal at one time in one culture may be normal another time, even in the same culture
Time
abnormal behavior was viewed as being caused by agents outside the human body, such as demons, evil spirits, and heavenly bodies (ancient times and middle ages)
supernatural
asserts that psychological disorders are caused by biological processes such as diseases and can be treated using biological methods
biological perspective
emotional or psychological factors are the cause of psychological disorders
psychological perspective
different social and cultural factors that can cause or contribute to the explanation of psychological disorders
sociocultural
unresolved conflict between id and superego or imbalance of unconscious and conscious forces; conflicts not fully resolved in any psychosexual stages leads to fixation or getting stuck to some degree in a stage of development
psychoanalysis
believed that there is a personal unconscious, as described by Freud, and a collective unconscious (memories shared by all members of the human species)
Carl Jung
theory that as young, helpless children, people all develop feelings of inferiority when comparing themselves to the more powerful, superior adults in their world
Individual Psychology by Alfred Adler
episodes of extreme fear and anxiety without warning – pounding heart, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain – that it feels like a heart attack
panic attack
an optimal level of arousal (stress/ anxiety) results in optimal performance
Yerkes-Dodson Law
a form of perserverative cognition that focuses on negative content, generally past and present, and results in emotional distress
rumination
