final lab exam Flashcards
formula for MCH (include measurement units)
divide hemoglobin concentration by rbc concentration and multiply by 10
units recorded by pg (picograms)
what does MCH stand for
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
formula for MCHC
divide hemoglobin concentration by pcv then multiply by 100
record in g/dl
MCHC stands for
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
formula for MCV
divide pcv by rbc concentration (just the first number) and multiply by 10
recorded in fL (femoliters)
what are the categories for a gross fecal exam
color
consistency
mucus
odor
adult parasites
foreign bodies
presence of blood
black or tarry blood in stool means
digested blood (bleeding in upper GI)
red blood in stool means
undigested blood (bleeding in lower GI large intestine or rectum)
what do you do with urine to preserve it if you cant
Place in opaque container labeled with date/time of collection, form of collection, any additives, name of patient, your initials
place in refrigerator (if cannot be viewed for more than 4 hours mix with muccolex)
steps for urine centrifugation
10 mL needed
run for 5 minutes at 1500 rpm
decant supernatant without disturbing sediment
leave 0.5 mL of sediment/supernatant in tube
formula to correct wbc count in event of nrbcs
(number of total wbc count (ex:12,000) x100) / (number of nrbcs counted +100)
handling serum sample
let blood clot for 30 minutes
centrifuge for 15 minutes at 1500 rpm
CELISA tests for
patient antigen
ELISA tests for
antibody in serum
steps for modified knott’s test
add 9mL of 2% formalin to 1 Ml of blood
mix by inverting
wait 2-3 minutes
centrifuge 5 minutes at 1500 rpm
decant supernatant
add a drop of methylene blue to sediment
place a drop of mixed sediment of sample on slide, place coverslip
use low power and low light for examination
steps for difil test
in 12cc syringe add 1 mL of blood to 9 mL of difilsolution
place filter paper in provided filter
attach syringe to filter mechanism and slowly push blood through filter
rinse filter with 12 cc of tap water
place filter on slide
add a drop of stain and place coverslip
use low power low light
steps for fecal floatation
1-2 tsp of fecal
add 30 mL of solution
mix with tongue depressor
strain through metal strainer
place fecal sample solution into test tube until you have a meniscus
place cover slip on meniscus
let sit undisturbed for 15 minutes
examine under 10x low light
steps for baerman technique
30-50g of fecal ontop of cheesecloth or kimwipes and fill funnel with warm water to a level above fecal sample
let sit for 1-24 hours
collect fluid in tubing and transfer to petridish r centrifuge tube
examine petridish with stereomicroscope or
centrifuge to pellet larvae
after centrifuging decant and place sediment on slide
slide can be passed over a bunsen burner flame to kill larvae
steps for fecal centrrifuge
everything from floatation then place tube with coverslip in centrifuge and another tube on opposite side to balance
centrifuge for 5 minutes at 1500 rpm
examine at 100x magnification
fecal sediment steps
1-2 tsps of fecal mixed with 30 mL of water
strain the fecal over funnel w/ filter over 50mL conical tube
wash sample with water until tube is filled
let sit for 15 to 30 minutes
decant supernatant
then resuspend sediment in water
repeat steps 4/5 two more times
decant supernatant
mix sediment with pipette
transfer to slide and place coverslip
examine at 100x
formula for number of retics
total retics seen (ex 17) / 1000 rbcs = 0.017 then x100=
1.7%
formula for absolute value for retics
convert retic percentage back into decimal (ex 1.7%=0.017) multiply decimal by rbc count (ex 5,000,000)
0.017x5,000,000/uL = 85,000 uL
