Final Key Terms Flashcards
Affective vs. Ideological Polarization
affective: heightened emotional animosity toward the political outgroup
ideological: divergence in opinions or policy stances
Agenda-setting (presidential, congressional, and media)
Presidential: news coverage focal point, coverage is not controlled
Congress: local and national, local decrease, to get national need big stunts
Apophenia
backpack faces; if someone tells you to look for things you see it more
Bully Pulpit
a prominent public position (such as a political office) that provides an opportunity for promote one’s views, fire side chats FDR
Communication goals of the President and/ or Congress
Confirmation Bias
tendency to search for, interpret, favor and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one’s prior beliefs or values
Conspiracy Theories
attempts to explain an event as a secret plot by a covert group of powerful actors
Echo chambers & Filter bubbles
A filter bubble or ideological frame is a state of intellectual isolation that can result from personalized searches, recommendation systems, and algorithmic curation.
Fake News (definitions and types)
fake news: information that mimics news media content in form but not in organizational process or intent
misinformation: false info that is held or spread regardless of intent
disinformation: false info that is spread wit the intent to mislead
‘Going Public’ vs. the ‘Inside Game’
presidential tactic, using news coverage, speechmaking, and press conferences
Low Choice vs. High Choice media system
high choice: abundant amount of media options increasing polarization
Horse race journalism
When journalists covering elections focus primarily on who’s winning or losing instead of policy issues
consequences:
* Distrust in politicians.
* Distrust of news outlets.
* An uninformed electorate.
* Inaccurate reporting of opinion poll data
* effect voter turn out
Young’s “Three Cs”
(Comprehension,
Control, Community)
Judicial censorship
information of judicial proceedings is least covered, and gives them the most freedom
Mean-world Syndrome
belief that world is in worser state than it is
Media changes over time (e.g. technological, regulatory, local vs. national)
Media effects (e.g. Framing, Priming, and Agenda Setting)
Media trust (e.g. definition, decline, and effects)
A trusts B to do X, trust in media declining, media influences our trust in others
Misinformation vs. Disinformation
the intent behind the spreading, mis (no intent), dis (intent to mislead)
Mistrust vs. Distrust
skepetism vs lack of trust
Motivated reasoning
Kahan (2013), you find the answers you are looking to find, math solutions and gun control
Negative campaigning
Negativity bias
Tendency to focus on negative information
Political cynicism
Presidential messaging (News Coverage, Speech Making, Press Conferences)
News Coverage – attention, but not control
Speechmaking – control, but maybe no attention
Press Conferences – high risk, but also a way to frame / agenda set
“Publicity Seeking”
Congress; stunt based, looking for media attention
Selective exposure
We can very easily select what we want to consume
The Media and Institutions (the President, Congress, and the Supreme Court)
Traditional, New, and social media
Young’s “Three Cs” (Comprehension, Control, Community)
Why we believe in conspiracies
Comprehension – We want to make sense of our world
Control – We want to have some control over our world
Community – We want to be part of a social group
