FINAL: Joints Flashcards
When do joints (or articulations) occur
When two or more bones are held together by connective tissue
- connective tissue can include cartilage, ligaments (dense regular tissue) and/or dense irregular tissue
What is the cell type of dense regular connective tissue
Fibroblast
What are the fibers of the matrix of dense regular CT
Collagen fibers
What are the locations in joint and functions of dense regular CT
Tendons -> binds muscle to bone
Ligaments -> binds bone to bone
What is the cell type for hyaline cartilage
Chondrocytes
What are the fibers in the hyaline cartilage matrix
Collagen fibers
Where is hyaline cartilage located in joints
Surface of synovial joints
What is the major function of hyaline cartilage
Protests joints/bone surfaces, resists compression
What is the cell type of fibrocartilage
Chondrocytes
What is the fibers in the matrix of fibrocartilage
Collagen fibers
*NOTE: there is a higher % of collagen fibers in this tissue compared to the others
Locations of fibrocartilage in joint
- fibrous joints (ex. Pubic sympysis)
- articular disks (meniscus)
What is the major function of fibrocartilage
Absorbs tension
What is synarthrosis
Joints that cannot move
Ex: skull sutures
- fibrous joints are typically synarthroses, some cartilage joints can be synarthrosis
What are diarthrosis
Freely moveable joint
Ex: knee
All synovial joints are diarthroses
What are amphiarthrosis
Semi-moveable joint
Ex: pubic symphysis
- cartilage joints are typically amphiarthrosis and fibrous joints are sometimes amphiarthrosis
What are the joint classifications by structure
Fibrous
Cartilage
Synovial
What part of the synovial joint is this
Articular cartilage
- covers Articular surfaces of bones
- absorbs compression, protects underlying bone
What part of the synovial joint is this
The fibrous layer of joint capsule
- surrounds all synovial joints, continuous with periosteum
What part of the synovial joint is this
The synovial membrane
- thin lining of connective tissue, surrounding the joint inside the fibrous capsule
What part of the synovial joint is this
The joint cavity
- area inside the synovial membrane
- contains synovial fluid
What is synovial fluid (in synovial joints)
- produced by cells of synovial membrane
- lubrication, shock absorption, nutrient distribution
What part of the synovial joint is this
Ligament
- bone-to-bone connection that limits movement
- can be part of the fibrous capsule or outside the capsule
What structure of the synovial joint is this
Fat pads
- located outside of the joint cavity
What are articular disks
- made of fibrocartilage
- located inside of the joint cavity
- provide extra cushioning, make joint more stable
- ex: menisci in knee
What structure of the synovial joint is this
Bursa
- pockets filled with synovial fluid
- lined with synovial membrane
- are not continuous with the synovial cavity
- reduce friction between muscles, tendons, and/or ligaments
How is blood supplied to and around synovial joints
Blood vessels supply the synovial membrane and other structures outside the joint cavity
- blood vessels do NOT enter the joint cavity
What is collateral circulation
Around joints: a network of blood vessels that provides multiple paths for blood flow around a joint
What are 4 diseases associated with joints
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
Bursitis
