Final Jeopardy Flashcards
1
Q
The memory store of the Modal Model of memory, which “holds” information for up to 30 seconds for analysis and has a limited capacity (7 plus or minus 2 items).
A
Short-term or Working memory
2
Q
A reconstructive process, in which we actively organize and shape information as it is processed, stored, and retrieved.
A
Memory
3
Q
The tendency to accurately recall words from the beginning of the list (due to storage in Long-term memory from the use of rehearsal or repetition).
A
Primacy effect
4
Q
The tendency for participants who are asked, “How fast were the cars going when they bumped into each other?” to give slower estimates of speed compared to those who are asked, “How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?”
A
Misinformation Effect
5
Q
The type of memory that
is usually associated with
the “I know that”
attribution.
A
Semantic Memory
6
Q
An empirical exploration of
what makes life worth living
and building the enabling
conditions of a life worth living.
A
Positive Psychology
7
Q
The amazing ability to bounce
back and even thrive in the
face of serious life challenges
A
Resilience
8
Q
The Father of Positive
Psychology
A
Martin Seligman
9
Q
Positive Psychology has is roots
in what school of psychology.
A
Humanistic
10
Q
The term given to the
dissatisfaction experienced
when presented with many
choices.
A
Paradox of Choice
11
Q
Disorder characterized by
persistent thoughts and the
need to perform repetitive acts.
A
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
12
Q
A rare mood disorder characterized
by wild fluctuations from mania to
depression.
A
Bipolar Disorder
13
Q
A personality disorder
characterized by instability in
one’s identity, mood, and social
relationships
A
Borderline Personality Disorder
14
Q
Type of schizophrenia that
involves motor disturbances
such as immobility or wild
activity.
A
Catatonic
15
Q
People with substance-related disorders also commonly suffer from other psychological disorders, a condition known as this.
A
Comorbidity
16
Q
A group of psychotic
disorders, characterized by a
general loss of contact with
reality.
A
Schizophrenia
17
Q
An unreasonable fear of some
environmental stimulus.
A
Phobia
18
Q
The disorder that a serial killer
would likely be diagnosed with.
A
Antisocial Personality Disorder
19
Q
The manual that provides
detailed descriptions of the key
symptoms of abnormal
behavior.
A
DSM-V-TR
20
Q
A mental disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality systems in the same person at different times. (hint: not Schizophrenia)
A
Dissociative Identity Disorder
21
Q
The tendency to ignore
information that contradicts
one’s thinking.
A
Confirmation Bias
22
Q
The role of this can be seen in Identical twins, separately adopted at birth, score similarly on intelligence tests when grown.
A
Genetics
23
Q
Cultural differences in ways of thinking emerge with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, as demonstrated in the “Thoughts of Future” experiment.
A
Age
24
Q
The direction that this bus is most likely moving when it is driving forward. (Hint: children are better at solving this problem).
A
Left
25
```
Persistence in using
problem-solving
strategies that have
worked in the past.
Sometimes prevents
one from seeing
simple solutions
(e.g., 9 dot problem)
```
Mental set
26
Estimating the probability of
something based on how well
circumstances match (or
represent) a previous prototype
Representativeness Heuristic
27
Judging the likelihood
(frequency) of an event based
on how readily available other
instances are in memory.
Availability Heuristic
28
Those who miss this will
most likely never attain
normal language ability.
Critical Period of Language
| Development
29
The part of language that
children like Genie and other
“Wild Children” most likely do
NOT to develop.
Grammar
30
```
Proponent of a nature &
nurture perspective of
language development.
He suggested that language
is an inborn capacity that
develops primarily by
maturation, but there is a
critical period for learning it.
```
Noam Chomsky
31
```
The study of the forces (both
biological and social) that
shape and motivate individuals,
forming their minds and
personality.
```
Psychology
32
```
A prediction about future
behaviors derived from
observation and theories.
(AKA: an educated guess of what
will happen in a research study,
based on review of the previous
research literature).
```
Hypothesis
33
```
The bias after hearing a
research result that makes the
research finding seem like
common sense or something
“we knew all along.”
```
Hindsight Bias
34
Indicates a relationship exists
between two variables
(but does not imply causation)."
Correlation
35
The variable that is
manipulated by the
experimenter
(i.e., the cause).
The Independent Variable
36
The part of the brain that is
responsible for executive
functioning and inhibitory
control.
The Frontal Lobe
37
Chemical messengers in the
brain
(e.g., dopamine)
Neurotransmitters
38
The part of the brain that HM’s
doctors removed and as a
result he was not able to learn
anything since his surgery.
The Hippocampus
39
The part of the brain that plays
| a role in speech production.
Broca’s Area
40
The part of the brain that is
responsible for comprehension
of speech.
Wernicke’s Area
41
“The way of life of a people.”
Culture
42
An attitude with which
members of one society judge
another society according to
their own standards.
Ethnocentrism
43
```
The social cognition bias that
attributes behavior to stable,
personality characteristics
instead of dynamic
environmental or situational
factors.
(hint: people from
individualistic cultures are more
likely to commit it).
```
Fundamental Attribution Error
44
```
The type of culture in which the
members think that an
individual’s success is due to
forces outside of the individual
(“it’s someone else’s fault that
I succeeded”).
```
Collectivistic Cultures
45
The most significant product of
culture, providing for its
development and transmission.
Language
46
```
The type of thinker that tends
to pay attention to objects and
their attributes instead of
associations. As a result this
type of thinker is likely to say
that “CARROT” does not belong
in a list that includes DOG,
RABBIT, and CARROT.
```
Analytic Thinkers
47
```
What you are a suffering from
when you momentarily cannot
recognize a person, whom you
never see in a grocery store,
approaches you in a grocery
store.
```
Context Effect
48
```
This way of processing
increases the likelihood that
you will perceive an “H”
between the “T” & “E”,
but you perceive an “A”
between the “C” & “T”.
Hint: why we miss spelling and grammatical
errors when proofreading our own papers
```
Top Down Processing
49
```
A byproduct of our attention
system working well, where we
are slower at naming “red”
when shown the word GREEN
compared to naming “red”
when shown the word RED.
```
Stroop Effect
50
People who are raised in this
type of environment are more
susceptible to the
Mueller-Lyer Illusion.
Carpentered World
51
```
A factor included in many
African definitions of
intelligence,
but absent from most Western
definitions of intelligence.
```
Social Skills or
| Social Competence
52
The type of intelligence
associated with the ability to
delay gratification.
Emotional Intelligence
53
```
The artificial deflation of IQ
scores in some ethnic groups
that results from anxiety
related to concerns with
stereotypes.
```
Stereotype Threat Phenomenon
54
The idea that intelligence is
determined by biological and
environmental factors.
“Developed Ability”
55
The person who developed the first formal intelligence test
designed to measure capacity
for individuals to participate
effectively in Western schools.
Alfred Binet
56
```
The understanding that
things continue to exist
even when they are not
seen, heard, or felt.
(hint: According to Piaget, a
child in the sensorimotor stage
of cognitive development has
no understanding of this)
```
Object Permanence
57
```
The level of moral
development that most
people in the U.S. and
most village and tribal
cultures never reach.
```
Post Conventional
58
```
The cognitive stage of
development in which a child
will say, “The flattened piece of
clay is larger” after Step 2
shown below.
```
Preoperational
59
The age at which some infants
begin to exhibit object
permanence.
3 months
60
```
The patterns we develop as
infants that are highly likely to
carry over into similar patterns
in our adult romantic
relationships.
```
Attachment
61
```
McKayla is most likely suffering
from this disorder. She has
become preoccupied by an
imaginative deformity on her
face. She often avoids going
out in public and has even
looked into corrective surgery.
```
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
