Final Info

Question 1

What nerves come from what pharyngeal arches?

Answer 1

1 - 5
2 - 7
3 - 9
4/6 - 10

Question 2

What arteries come from what pharyngeal arches?

Answer 2

1: Maxillary
2: Stapedial
3: ICA
4: Subclavian and Aortic Arch
6: Pulmonary Artery and Ductus Arteriosus

Question 3

What muscles (mesoderm) come from the second pharyngeal arch?

Answer 3

Muscles of Facial Expression

Buccinator, Platysma, Stapedius, Stylohyoid, and the posterior belly of the digastric

Question 4

What muscles (mesoderm) come from the first pharyngeal arch?

Answer 4

Muscles of Mastication

Anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor velli palatini

Question 5

What muscles (mesoderm) come from the third pharyngeal arch?

Answer 5

Stylopharyngeus

Question 6

What muscles (mesoderm) come from the fourth pharyngeal arch?

Answer 6

All intrinsic muscles of the soft palate except the tensor veli palatini (remember this guy is from the first arch)

Also, the cricothyroid muscle, which should be coming from the 6th…

Question 7

What muscles (mesoderm) come from the sixth pharyngeal arch?

Answer 7

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle

Question 8

What additional structures come from the third pharyngeal arch?

Answer 8

Hyoid (lower portion, greater horn), thymus, inferior parathyroids

Question 9

What additional structures come from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

Answer 9

Stapes, upper body of hyoid (lesser horn), stylohyoid ligament

Question 10

What additional structures come from the first pharyngeal arch?

Answer 10

Maxilla, Mandible, Malleus and Incus, Zygomatic and Temporal bones

Question 11

Where does the trapezius originate and insert?

Answer 11

Trap originates on three parts, the skull at the external occipital protuberance, the fascia at the ligamentum nuchae, and the vertebrae at spines C7, T1-T12

It inserts on the clavicle at the lateral 1/3 and the scapula in two places, the acromion and the spine

Question 12

Origin and Insertion of the Lat Dorsi

Answer 12

On the vertebrae at T6 - T12, the fascia at the thoracolumbnar fascia, and the pelvic bone at the iliac crest

Inserts on the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 13

Origins and insertions for levator scapulae, rhomboid major and rhomboid minor

Answer 13

All three originate on the vertebrae only.
LS: Transverse processes of C1-4
Minor: Spines C7, T1
Major: Spines T2 - T5

All three insert on the scapula
LS: Superior angle and medial border
Minor: Just the medial border
Major: Medial border to inferior angle

Question 14

Actions of the superficial back muscles

Answer 14

Trap: Elevates and depresses shoulder, retract scapula, extend head

LD: Adducts, extends, medially rotates arm

LS/Minor/Major: Elevates and adducts scapula

Question 15

Nerves of superficial back muscles

Answer 15

Trap: Accessory Nerve
LD: Thoracodorsal nerve
LS/Minor/Major: Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 16

Origins and Insertions of the intermediate back muscles

Answer 16

Serratus Posterior Superior originates from the spines of cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae while the serratus posterior inferior originate from the spines of lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae

Both inset on the ribs.

Question 17

Action of the intermediate back muscles group

Answer 17

Raise ribs in inspiration for the superior, the inferior pulls the rubs down for expiration

Question 18

What innervates the intermediate layer of back muscles?

Answer 18

Intercostal nerves

Question 19

What do the deep muscles of the back do and what were they innervated by?

Answer 19

All extend the truck and neck and are innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 20

Origin and Insertion for Deep Back Muscles

Answer 20

Splenius breaks in to two parts, the capitis and the cervicis. Capitis inserts on the head at the occipital and temporal bones while the cervicis inserts on the vertebrae at transverse processes of C2 and C3

Longissimus goes from transverse processes to transverse processes

Spinalis goes from spinous processes to spinous processes

Semispinalis goes from transverse processes to spinoous processes 5 or 6 vertebrae up.