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Biol 466 > Final-immune cells > Flashcards

Final-immune cells Flashcards

1
Q

Innate Immune cells

A 
Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
Mast Cell
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Natural Killer cells
Complement system
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2
Q

Adaptive Immune cells

A

B cell
Helper CD4 T Cells
Cytotoxic CD8 T Cells

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3
Q

Granulocytes

A

Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Basophils

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4
Q

Innate cells that identify pathogens using TLR

A 
Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
Mast Cell
Macrophages & Dendritic Cells
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5
Q

Innate cells that identify using MBL

A

Complement system

*harmful to pathogens with membrane

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6
Q

Innate cells that use phagocytosis

A

Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Mast Cell
Macrophage/Dendritic Cell

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7
Q

Innate cells that use degranulation to harm pathogens

A

Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
Mast Cell

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8
Q

Innate cells that use Histamine to harm pathogens

A

Basophils

Mast cells

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9
Q

Eosinophil (Identification & Reaction)

A

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

  • Phagocytosis
  • Degranulation
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10
Q

Basophil (Identification & Reaction)

A

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

  • Degranulation
  • Histamine
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11
Q

Neutrophil (Identification & Reaction)

A

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

  • Degranulation
  • Phagocytosis
  • NETs
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12
Q

Mast Cell (Identification & Reaction)

A

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

  • Degranulation
  • Histamines
  • Phagocytosis
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13
Q

Macrophages/Dendritic Cells (Identification & Reaction)

A

Identifies via TLR

Rxn:

  • Phagocytosis
  • Communication
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14
Q

Natural Killer Cells Rxn

A

Apoptosis

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15
Q

Complement System (Identification & Reaction)

A

Identifies via MBL

Rxn:
-Protein cascade

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16
Q

B Cell (Identification & Rxn)

A

Identifies via Membrane Bound Antibody

Rxn:

  • phagocytosis
  • production of antibodies
17
Q

Chemoral Immunity

A

Helper T Cells communicate with B Cells for antibody production

18
Q

Cell-Mediated Immunity

A

Helper T Cells & Cytotoxic (CD8) Cells communicate with eachother to induce apoptosis

19
Q

Helper CD4 T Cells (Identification & Rxn)

A

Identify via MHC

Rxn: recruit B Cells and CD8 T Cells

20
Q

Cytotoxic CD8 T cells (Identification & Rxn)

A

Identify via MHC

Rxn:
-induce apoptosis

21
Q

Ige antibody

A

enhances innate immune system to identify pathogen

22
Q

Cells good against Bacteria

A

Everything but Natural Killer Cells

-cannot induce apoptosis in bacteria unless hiding in host cell

23
Q

Cells good against Virus

A

Everything but Basophils

*sometimes complementary if it has a membrane

24
Q

Cells good against parasites

A

Granulocytes & complement system if large

Mast cell/macrophage if small

NOT Natural Killers

25
Q

Primary response

A

First exposure to pathogen

T cells detect and multiply-leaving memory T cells

26
Q

Secondary response

A

response to second+ exposure to antigen

  • memory T cells activated
  • ->quicker response
27
Q

DNA integration (virus)

A

Viral genome integrated into host genome

Adv:

  • cannot be detected by immune system when no viral proteins are being produced
  • duplicated every time host cell undergoes mitosis

Dis:
-causes disruption of host genome, could hinder viral replication

28
Q

Episomal DNA (virus)

A

Viral genome within nucleus but outside the host genome

Adv:

  • not detected by immune system when no viral proteins produced (same as integrated)
  • no need to bring genes needed for integration
  • does not disrupt host genome

Dis:

  • risk that it will not be replicated during cell division
  • ->not good for highly dividing cells
29
Q

Vaccines

A

expose host to intert pathogen

  • immune system hinders pathogen
  • most prophylactic, few therapeutic

*preventitive (must be given before pathogen)

30
Q

Drugs

A

give host molecule that directly hinders pathogen

  • most therapeutic
  • target something in the pathogen that the host doesn’t have
31
Q

HIV mechanism of infection

A
  1. HIV virus has envelope proteins (GP120 & GP41)
    - CD4 T cells are the target of HIV (CD4 is surface protein)
  2. GP120 binds to CD4 protein-brings virus closer to membrane
  3. This allows for GP41 to bind to the CCR5 receptor
  4. Endocytosis of viral envelope–>viral RNA enters cell
  5. Viral RNA uses reverse transcriptase to become viral DNA
  6. Enters nucleus-integrates into genome
  7. Viral replication occurs
32
Q

Graft vs host disease

A

The transplanted graft (containing immune system of donor) reacts TO THE HOST (recipient).

-Recipient must be given immunosuppressants to prevent the immune reactions

33
Q

Positive control

A

the control that says the experiment was successful

experimental group and positive control should match

34
Q

Negative control

A

the control that says the experiment is not successful

don’t want experiment to match negative control

Biol 466 (3 decks)

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