Final II Flashcards
Most frequently occuring value
Mode
Drop-out rate
Median
Mean
Mode
average
Median
Mean
Mode
T-Test
Mean
consistency of measurement; a measure of the reproducibility of a measurement”
Validity
Demographics
Reliability
Recall biases
Reliability
half point
Validity
Median
Mode
Mean
Median
Participants receiving another form of intervention at the same time of the study can influence the results in either direction.
Drop-out rate
Cohort Study
Correlation
Co-intervention
Co-intervention
observational in nature and are known as descriptive research, not causal or relational, meaning that you can’t use them to determine the cause of something, such as a disease. Researchers record the information that is present in a population, but they do not manipulate variables.
Cross-sectional
Clinical bottom line
Regression
Ratio Variable
Cross-sectional
Parametric data/More complex version of T test, compares 3 or more groups./One way ______ is used if there is only one outcome or independent variable being analyzed/Reported as F (df, df), = #,##, P
ANOVA
Studying an intervention/treatment but may not having randomized subjects to groups, or may only have one group.
Paired samples
Quasi-experimental
Inclusion criteria
Outcome measures
Quasi-experimental
rank what we are measuring, but the difference between rank order is not even. - difference between them is not measurable IE; socioeconomic status, level of agreement, pain.
Ordinal variables:
Co-intervention
Recall biases
Ratio Variable
Ordinal variables:
what did they use to select participants? Diagnosis, age, severity level of ?
Exclusion criteria
Reliability
Inclusion criteria
Outcome measures
Inclusion criteria
comparison between pre and post test score in a single group before and fair design;
Reported as t=#,##, P
Paired samples
- Identify clinical questions
- Appraisal of evidence
- Application of evidence
- Consider the clients needs
- Evaluate the clinic outcomes
Recall biases
Reliability
Steps to EBP
Chi-square
Steps to EBP
(hard numbers)
Systematic Review
Central tendency
Interval variable:
Parametric Variables
Parametric Variables
study design that randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or a control group. As the study is conducted, the only expected difference between the control and experimental groups in a ________ is the outcome variable being studied.
RCT (Randomized Control Trial)
Evidence based practice
Quasi-experimental
IRB and informed consent
RCT (Randomized Control Trial)
different training, specialties; train and standardized
Timing of intervention:
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
IRB and informed consent
Use of different therapist
Use of different therapist
a clinical decision making framework that encourages clinicians to integrate information from high quality quantitative and qualitative research with the clinician’s clinical expertise and the client’s background, preferences and values when making decisions
Logistic Regression
Evidence based practice
Ordinal variables:
Clinical bottom line
Evidence based practice
Patient/Population;Intervention;Comparison;Outcome
Co-intervention
Site of intervention
PICO development
Outcome measures
PICO development
Used for nonparametric with 3 or more groups
Use of different therapist
Site of intervention
Kruskal-Wallis H Test
T-Test
Kruskal-Wallis H Test
Nominal variables: qualitative classification, can answer yes or no to them. Gender, race, color, city, etc.
Mann-Whitney U test
Non-parametric variables
Interval variable:
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
Non-parametric variables
hat did they do to limit the study population
Drop-out rate
Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria
Kruskal-Wallis H Test
Exclusion criteria
measurement bias that results from misclassification of exposure secondary to over or under reporting of the exposure (Learning/self-report ; people remember things more positively)
Ratio Variable
Correlation
Paired samples
Recall biases
Recall biases
0.05 = 95% positive intervention ; 5% it was by chance ; p-value 0.01 1% chance it was by chance
Interval variable:
Mann-Whitney U test
Inclusion criteria
significant p value
significant p value
the characteristics of a population with respect to age, race, and gender.
Regression
Meta-Analysis
Reliability
Demographics
Demographics
protect any patient in a study; patient needs to know what they are doing; (incarnated; children; older adults; cognitive impaired individuals, pregnant women)
IRB and informed consent
Ordinal variables:
Quasi-experimental
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
IRB and informed consent
any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups
Validity
Blinding
Correlation
Reliability
Blinding
what to consider: reliability/validity; time/cost/ inter-reliability; training; face to face contact; equipment needed, space needed
Co-intervention
Quasi-experimental
Outcome measures
Chi-square
Outcome measures
A systematic review that uses quantitative methods to summarize the results.
Demographics
Meta-Analysis
Reliability
standard deviation
Meta-Analysis
a variable that meets the criteria for an interval variable but also has a meaningful zero point; can have a zero- definable zero point- has a true zero (temperature, test score)
Pain is not a parametric variable- subjective- can’t quantify it.
Interval variable:
Ratio Variable
Logistic Regression
Ordinal variables:
Ratio Variable
Authors have systematically searched for, appraised, and summarized all of the medical literature for a specific topic.
Systematic Review
Quasi-experimental
Paired samples
Interval variable:
Systematic Review
You have read the article, what the article is about and how it implicates my practice as an OT. Summary (intervention) sentence (implications to OT practice includes) to show how this will impact and guide OT practice. Particular to practice setting or populations. Does it affect/impact practice?
Clinical bottom line
Ordinal variables:
RCT (Randomized Control Trial)
Logistic Regression
Clinical bottom line
comparing outcomes of control vs experimental group in experimental designs
Independent samples
Case-Control Study
Contamination
Interval variable:
Independent samples
A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
Regression
Paired samples
Correlation
Cohort Study
Correlation
Mean, Median, Mode
Recall biases
Exclusion criteria
Central tendency
Parametric Variables
Central tendency
Identifies patients who have the outcome of interest (cases) and control patients without the same outcome, and looks for exposure of interest.
Case-Control Study
Contamination
Cohort Study
Steps to EBP
Case-Control Study
not a true zero. IE: age, weight, muscle power, blood pressure, height. Most studies contain this time of variable.
Ordinal variables:
Systematic Review
standard deviation
Interval variable:
Interval variable:
measurement used to quantify the variability of data dispersion, in a set of given values
Interval variable:
significant p value
Systematic Review
standard deviation
standard deviation
participants dropped out skews data
Meta-Analysis
PICO development
Co-intervention
Drop-out rate
Drop-out rate
identifies two groups of patients, one which did receive the exposure of interest, and one which did not, and following these cohorts forward for the outcome of interest.
Co-intervention
Correlation
Steps to EBP
Cohort Study
Cohort Study
Consider whether the intervention was provided over a short or extended period of time.
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
Site of intervention
Inclusion criteria
Timing of intervention:
Timing of intervention:
comfort; motivating; translate better;
PICO development
Timing of intervention:
Site of intervention
Kruskal-Wallis H Test
Site of intervention
Used as a predictor/Is a type of analysis designed to predict the level of another variable/Only those variables that could account for as a predictive condition are included./Reported as R squared =, #
Cross-sectional
Correlation
Chi-square
Regression
Regression
occurs when participants of the control group receive the intervention inadvertently thus the difference in outcomes between the two groups may be reduced. This favors the control group.
Contamination
Correlation
Independent samples
Co-intervention
Contamination
Nonparametric test that is the nonparametric version of paired samples t-test/It is represented by “t”’
Non-parametric variables
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
Timing of intervention:
Mann-Whitney U test
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
Used to analyse tallies or frequencies of nominal or categorical data/Test the degree of independence of 2 or more groups/Reported as Xsquared (df)=###,#, P
Chi-square
Used to compare the means of the 2 groups of measurements
Regression
Outcome measures
Meta-Analysis
T-Test
T-Test
A statistical analysis which determines an individual’s risk of the outcome as a function of a risk factor. The outcome of interest has two categories./used to predict the outcome of categorical variable (dependent variables)
Logistic Regression
Clinical bottom line
Systematic Review
Evidence based practice
Logistic Regression
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure; the property of a measurement that indicates HOW WELL it measures the characteristic
Recall biases
Validity
Cohort Study
Chi-square
Validity
non parametric equivalent of independent samples t-test/Analyses the degree of separation
Reported as “U’ or “U”
standard deviation
Interval variable:
Non-parametric variables
Mann-Whitney U test
Mann-Whitney U test
