final identifications Flashcards
period of the warring states
who: Chinese states
what: a period of civil war that created divisions between states ruled by warlords
when: 480-221 BCE
where: China
why: a period in early Chinese history between dynasties that created division between the states, ultimately unified under the Qin dynasty, but division persisted leading to a series of other dynasties
Confucianism
Who: Confucius
what: a political philosophy considered the moral way, based in creating harmony and order in society through ren which is respect, li which is a sense of propriety, and xiao which is filial piety
when: 500 BCE
where: China
why: used by dynasties for years as a basis to rule China, ultimately blended with legalism to create a persistent political philosophy
Qin Shihuangdi
who: the first emperor
what: the first emperor, unified China by conquering the warring states
when: 221-202 BCE
where: China
why: brought China together after a long period of civil war and set the stage for years of dynasties in the future. helped to build connectivity across China through roads, the great wall, centralized power, and standardization
Consuls
who: 2 Roman politicians
what: the executive branch of the Roman republic that write the imperium
when: 5099-44 BCE
where: Rome
why: rich and powerful men that often cycled power amongst themselves giving the illusion of balance, part of an effective governing system that allowed for rapid expansion and is the basis for modern day democracy
Julius Caesar
who: private general who became the dictator
what: private general who was able to become more powerful than the Roman government, marched on Rome and made himself dictator
when: 100-44 BCE
where: Roman empire
why: overtook the Roman government but was assassinated by the senate only 2 years later leading to decades of civil war
Pax Romana
who: Augustus
what: a period of Roman prosperity and stability
when: 20 BCE to 200 CE
where: Roman
why: Augustus comes in as a new leader ending years of civil war, period of growth and prosperity for the empire
Augustus
who: Augustus
what: came to power ending a long period of civil war and creating prosperity, concentrated power to himself but claimed to be for the people
when: 31 BCE to 14 CE
where: Rome
why: unified Rome after years of civil war, made himself a god and concentrated power to himself, ushered in the pax Romana
Five pillars of Islam
who: Muslims
what: the moral code that is the basis of Islam, prayer, faith, fasting, almsgiving, and the pilgrimage
when: 600 CE
where: the Arabian peninsula
why: the basis of Islam which ultimately becomes the basis for Islamic society and Sharia law which persists in society today
Jizya
who: non-Muslims in Muslim countries
what: a tax paid by non-Muslims living in Islamic societies giving them permission to practice the religion of their choice
when: 600 CE
where: Islamic societies
why: incentivized non-Muslims to convert to Islam
Jihad
who: Muslims
what: striving in the cause of Allah, a personal struggle for righteousness
when: 600 CE
where: the Arabian peninsula
why: goal of devout Muslims, influences their choices and the way they live their lives
Sermon on the mount
who: Jesus
what: a speech Jesus gave calling for an inner spiritual transformation in exchange for the promise of the kingdom of God
when: 30 CE
where: Israel
why: Jesus began spreading the word of Christianity and encouraged Jewish people to convert to Christianity to fulfill Jewish law
Paul of Tarsus
who: Paul of Tarsus
what: a Christian missionary who spread Christianity among non Jews in the Roman empire
when: 5-67 CE
where: Roman empire
why: spread the word of Christianity across the Roman empire and established Christian communities
Edict of milan
who: Constantine
what: legalization of Christianity, allowing it to be practiced throughout the Roman empire
when: 313 CE
where: the Roman empire
why: gave political support for Christianity allowing it to spread more easily, the empire funds the construction of churches, ultimately Christianity becomes the official state religion
Charlemagne
who: Charlemagne
what: Frankish military leader named emperor of the Romans, expanded the Frankish kingdom across western Europe and forcibly converted people to Christianity
when: 768-814 CE
where: western Europe
why: unified Western Europe and spread Christianity, named emperor by the Pope, a king controlled by the church
feudalism
who: the people of western Europe
what: a system of decentralized authority in which lords grant lands to vassals who allow serfs to live on their land if the work the farms all in exchange for protection from the vassals
when: 900 CE
where: western Europe
why: system that created a highly militarized society in response to a lack of centralized authority, ultimately leading to the crusades
