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Path III Final > Final Heart > Flashcards

Final Heart Flashcards

1
Q

1 cardiomyopathy

A

dilated: hypocontracting, all chambers
thin, floppy walls
enlarged chamber
globoid shape

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2
Q

etiology of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

A 
#1: alcohol
#2: viral
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3
Q

hist of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

non-specific cellular abnormalities:

  • variations in myocyte size
  • myocyte vacuolization
  • loss of myofibrillar material
  • fibrosis
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4
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

hypercontracting, one chamber (left ventricle)
smaller chamber, very thick walls
thick septum

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5
Q

hist of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

hypertrophy of myocardial fibers, prominent dark nuclei, interstitial fibrosis

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6
Q

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

impaired ventricular wall motion due to infiltration of myocardium with abnormal tissue
walls appear normal

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7
Q

most common causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  • amyloidosis: pale, pink material between myocardial fibers

- hemochromatosis: excess iron deposition

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8
Q

which valves are affected by bacteria in endocarditis

A

left sided valves (mitral and aortic)

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9
Q

which valves are affected by IV drug use in endocarditis?

A

right side

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10
Q

hist of infectious endocarditis?

A

friable vegetation of fibrin and platelets and bacterial colonies

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11
Q

What are #1 and #2 causes of community aquired endocarditis?

A 
#1 Staph aureus, not MRSA
#2 alpha hemolytic strep viridans
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12
Q

What are #1 and #2 causes of nosocomial endocarditis?

A 
#1: staph aureus MRSA
#2: alpha hemolytic strep viridans
*increased risk of fungal
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13
Q

What are #1 and #2 causes of culture negative endocarditis?

A 
#1: fungi
#2: enterococcus
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14
Q

Risk factors for endocarditis

A 
RHD
artificial valves
IC
IV drug users
alcoholics
catheters
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15
Q

native valve endocarditis bug

A

alpha hemolytic strep viridans

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16
Q

prosthetic valve bug

A

staph epidermitis

17
Q

IV drug user bug

A

staph aureus

18
Q

alcoholics bug

A

anaerobes/oral cavity bugs

19
Q

GU tract/indwelling catheter bugs

A

E. coli

20
Q

skin bugs

A

staph epidermitis

21
Q

carcinoma of the colon bug

A

strep bovis

22
Q

ssx of endocarditis

A

roth spots

splinter hem

23
Q

Types of Culture Neg Endocarditis:
Libman-sacks: what causes it?
Marantic: what causes it?

A

Libman-sacks: caused by SLE and has flat spreading vegetations
Marantic endocarditis: caused by hypercoagulative state (Trouseeus syndrome) and has small pink vegetations. Can also be associated with lung and pancreatic cancer

24
Q

hist of myocarditis

A

lymph infiltrate around heart muscle cells

25
Q

what causes rheumatic fever?

A

GABHS

anti-strep M proteins cross react with cardiac myosin

26
Q

hist of rheumatic fever

A

aschoff bodies (pathognomonic for carditis due to RHD)

27
Q

most important sequelae of rheumatic fever

A

mitral stenosis (fish mouth)

28
Q

Chronic rheumatic heart disease

A

valve problems from rheumatic fever

erythema marginatum

29
Q

Hist of Post MI pericarditis and Dresslers Syndrome

A

fibrinous bread and butter heart

30
Q

What is number one cause of myocarditis?

A

coxackie virus

31
Q

3 most common types of valvular disorder

A 
#1 aortic stenosis
#2 MVP
#3 Mitral Regurg
32
Q

Dresslers syndrome

A 
autoimmune 
post MI (weeks to months after)
33
Q

Post MI pericarditis

A

inflammatory reaction

1-2 days after MI

34
Q

hemorrhagic pericarditis

A 
TB
Tumor
bacterial infection
bleeding disorder
trauma
35
Q

most common tumor of heart

A

atrial myxoma

36
Q

Most common cardiomyopathy?

A

dilated (90% of all non-ischemic cardiomyopathy)

37
Q

MVP

A

one or both mitral leaflets are floppy and balloon back into left atrium during systole

  • dt myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve
  • women age 20-40

Path III Final (6 decks)

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