Final Heart Flashcards
1 cardiomyopathy
dilated: hypocontracting, all chambers
thin, floppy walls
enlarged chamber
globoid shape
etiology of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
#1: alcohol #2: viral
hist of dilated cardiomyopathy
non-specific cellular abnormalities:
- variations in myocyte size
- myocyte vacuolization
- loss of myofibrillar material
- fibrosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
hypercontracting, one chamber (left ventricle)
smaller chamber, very thick walls
thick septum
hist of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
hypertrophy of myocardial fibers, prominent dark nuclei, interstitial fibrosis
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
impaired ventricular wall motion due to infiltration of myocardium with abnormal tissue
walls appear normal
most common causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
- amyloidosis: pale, pink material between myocardial fibers
- hemochromatosis: excess iron deposition
which valves are affected by bacteria in endocarditis
left sided valves (mitral and aortic)
which valves are affected by IV drug use in endocarditis?
right side
hist of infectious endocarditis?
friable vegetation of fibrin and platelets and bacterial colonies
What are #1 and #2 causes of community aquired endocarditis?
#1 Staph aureus, not MRSA #2 alpha hemolytic strep viridans
What are #1 and #2 causes of nosocomial endocarditis?
#1: staph aureus MRSA #2: alpha hemolytic strep viridans *increased risk of fungal
What are #1 and #2 causes of culture negative endocarditis?
#1: fungi #2: enterococcus
Risk factors for endocarditis
RHD artificial valves IC IV drug users alcoholics catheters
native valve endocarditis bug
alpha hemolytic strep viridans
prosthetic valve bug
staph epidermitis
IV drug user bug
staph aureus
alcoholics bug
anaerobes/oral cavity bugs
GU tract/indwelling catheter bugs
E. coli
skin bugs
staph epidermitis
carcinoma of the colon bug
strep bovis
ssx of endocarditis
roth spots
splinter hem
Types of Culture Neg Endocarditis:
Libman-sacks: what causes it?
Marantic: what causes it?
Libman-sacks: caused by SLE and has flat spreading vegetations
Marantic endocarditis: caused by hypercoagulative state (Trouseeus syndrome) and has small pink vegetations. Can also be associated with lung and pancreatic cancer
hist of myocarditis
lymph infiltrate around heart muscle cells
what causes rheumatic fever?
GABHS
anti-strep M proteins cross react with cardiac myosin
hist of rheumatic fever
aschoff bodies (pathognomonic for carditis due to RHD)
most important sequelae of rheumatic fever
mitral stenosis (fish mouth)
Chronic rheumatic heart disease
valve problems from rheumatic fever
erythema marginatum
Hist of Post MI pericarditis and Dresslers Syndrome
fibrinous bread and butter heart
What is number one cause of myocarditis?
coxackie virus
3 most common types of valvular disorder
#1 aortic stenosis #2 MVP #3 Mitral Regurg
Dresslers syndrome
autoimmune post MI (weeks to months after)
Post MI pericarditis
inflammatory reaction
1-2 days after MI
hemorrhagic pericarditis
TB Tumor bacterial infection bleeding disorder trauma
most common tumor of heart
atrial myxoma
Most common cardiomyopathy?
dilated (90% of all non-ischemic cardiomyopathy)
MVP
one or both mitral leaflets are floppy and balloon back into left atrium during systole
- dt myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve
- women age 20-40
