Final - Groundwater Flashcards
1
Q
Define Hydraulic Head (h)
A
measure of mechanical energy of water at a location. Elevation head plus pressure head
2
Q
Define elevation head (z)
A
the elevation above some chosen reference level
3
Q
Define Pressure head
A
The length of the water column above the screen
4
Q
Define Darcy’s equation
A
a method of calculating groundwater discharge given flow path area, hydraulic conductivity, and hydraulic gradient
5
Q
Define an aquifer
A
- a geological unit, saturated with water, able to store and transmit water
6
Q
recharge inputs are transferred in what 3 ways?
A
- flow to adjacent areas via thoughflow
- re-surface as return flow or baseflow
- long term storage in aquifers
7
Q
what 3 factors control quantity and quality of recharge
A
- geology
- climate
- land-use
8
Q
what 2 conditions are needed for effective recharge?
A
- need to move the water through the vadose zone
- water needs to move through the aquifer, away from water infiltration sites, to raise water buildup of the groundwater mound
9
Q
What are 7 uses of artificial groundwater recharge?
A
- conserve and dispose of runoff/flood waters
- supplement natural recharge of groundwater
- reduce or balance saltwater intrusion
- suppress ground subsidence
- store water in off season for use in growing season
- geothermal applications
- remove suspended solids by filtration
