Final for drugs 101 Flashcards
when amphetamines were first marketed, what were they primarily used for?
as a nasal congestant in cold medications
why did the international olympic committee restrict drug use by athletes during competition?
improper drug use was harmful to the health of the athletes
what was the principal technique that east german atheletes used to mask stereoid use?
injecting epitestosterone just before competition
the safest way to obtain human protein for drug use is to
make the protein using genetic modification
how do sulfa drugs inhibit bacteria growth?
sulfa drugs become “stuck” in the enzyme that makes coenzyme F
which of the following statements about modern penicillin type drugs is false?
most penicillin drugs sold today are natural forms
why did early tabacco smokers prefer to smoke pipes?
the stem of the pipe removed chemicals that irritated the smoker’s throat
what substances, found in tobacco, is not a significant cause of cancer?
nicotine
Why is ammonia added to cigarette tobacco?
ammonia removes acid that destroy nicotines thus increasing nicotine delivery
what type of cell provides the primary immunologic memory for bacteria infections?
b cells
why are adjuvants added to vaccines?
adjuvants reduce the need for booster shots
which of the following does not contain squalene?
anthrax vaccine
which of the following diseases kills the most people in the world today?
AIDS
why are most new drugs artificially designed rather than discovered in nature?
natural source drugs are often difficult to manufacture in large quantities
why do many people incorrectly evaluate risk in modern life?
people judge risks using emotional responses rather than rational thought
what are the two types that tumour comes in?
Benign: growths are not life-threatening in developed countries” are usually localied” and do not interfere with the functioning of the rest of the body.
malignant: the opposite; life-threatening and mobile
what is the number 2 cause of death in north america?
cancer, after heart disease
Cancer is a disease of the aged: __% of all cases occur after age 55.
75%
the maximum number of divisions per cell is ___
50
every cancer is different and therefore:
there will never be one single cure for cancer
how many years do cancer require to develop
~20
what is one of the most important proteins of the braking process?
p53
what is the gene that some individuals possess that are more easily mutated to induce cancer?
oncogenes
Who was William Harvey (1578-1657)
laid the foundation for (basically everything we know about the circulatory system today)
- Found that the heart was circulating the blood, not creating it.
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart” get smaller” become capillaries then return blood in veins
- mapped the vein valves that prevent backflow
how much does a heart pump in your life time?
- 6 billion times an average
- 5-6 L per minute
- 100,000km of blood vessels
- coronary vessels feed the heart
What are the causes of heart disease?
tobacco, diet, obesity, being male, stress, lack of exercise, genetics and infections
What is musk and info about it
- very expensive substance
- from musk deer anal gland (very rare animal and you have to kill the deer for the glands)
- illegal in some places
- black market substance
instead synthetic musk is used
Do human pheromones exist?
Long story short: no
cause we dont have vomeronasal organs, but animals with that organ would react to pheromones
