Final Focused review Peds 65% Flashcards

This is off of her focused study guide she gave us and peds will make up 65% of the test

1
Q

Fatal circulation

A

1) well oxygenated blood enters fetus from the placenta via the UMBILICAL VEIN
2) IVC has 3 sources
3) blood enters the RA from the IVC; better saturated blood enters LA via the FORAMEN OVALE
4) blood enter the LV and is ejected into the ASCENDING AORTA
5) returns to the heart via the SUPERIOR VENA CAVA and combines with the blood in the RA
6) enters RV and is ejected into the PULMONARY ARTERY, small amounts goes to the LUNGS the remainder shunted across the ductus arteriousus.

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2
Q

ductus venosus

A

shunts blood from the umbilical vein to inferior vena cava (bypassing liver

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3
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Shunts blood from the RA to LA

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4
Q

ductus arteriousus

A

shunts blood from pulmonary artery to descending aorta. (bypassing lungs

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5
Q
Blood volumes ml/kg
Preterm
Infant
1-12 months
1-3 years
4-6 years
7-18 years
adults
A
Preterm- 90-105
Infant- 78-86
1-12 months- 73-78
1-3 years-74-82
4-6 years- 80-86
7-18 years- 83-90
adults- 68-88
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6
Q

Fluid requirements Maintenance

A

4 mg/kg first 10kg
2 ml/kg for 2nd 10 kg
1 ml/kg after 20 kg

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7
Q

NPO guidlines

A

clear liquids- 2 hours
Breast milk 4 hours
Solids or infant formula 4-6 hours

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8
Q

braslow bag

A

bag of equipment that has all the emergency equipment needed, grouped by size of the pt.
-comes with a color coded measuring tape

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9
Q

With any pediatric equipment always have the size you think you’ll need then what?

A

a size larger and smaller

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10
Q

how to determine ETT size after the terrible 2’s

A

(16+yrs) / 4 (PEMDAS)

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11
Q
ETT sizes
Newborns
up to 12 months
12-18 months
2 y/o
A
Newborns- 3.0-3.5 mm
up to 12 months- 3.5-4.0 mm
12-18 months- 4.0 mm
2 y/o- 4.5
 or Deeeewaynes bad ass mother fucker way use the pinky
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12
Q

Use non cuffed tubes until what age?

A

5 or 6 years of age

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13
Q

leaks for non cuffed tubes should be tested to less than what?

A

30 cmH2O

another ppt stated 20-25 but that is still less than 30 just a heads up

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14
Q

How deep should you secure the tube

3 different ways

A

[12+ (yr/2)]
or ETT x 3
or black markings past VC

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15
Q
LMA sizes
neonates up to 5 kg-
Infants 5-10 kg-
children 10-20 kg-
children 20-30 kg-
>30 kg-
A
neonates up to 5 kg- LMA 1
Infants 5-10 kg- LMA 1.5
children 10-20 kg- LMA 2
children 20-30 kg- LMA 2.5
>30 kg- LMA 3
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16
Q

Most common type of TEF

A

EA with TEF IIIb 85-90%

17
Q

Omphalocele vs Gastroschisis

A

omphalocele

1) base of umbilicus
2) contained within sac
3) congenital
- trisomy 21
- cardiac Malform
- bladder Malform
- Diaphragmatic hernia

Gastroschisis

1) lateral to umbilicus
2) no hernia sac present (exp. contact)
3) no congenital abnormalities

18
Q

diagnostic palpation findings for pyloric stenosis

A

olive size palpation in RUQ

19
Q

Croup vs Epiglottitis

A

Croup

1) follows URI (viral)
2) 3 mo- 3 years
3) gradual onset (days)
4) subglottic (laryngeotracheobronchitis)
5) S/S
- low grade fever
- Croupy (seal bark) cough
- inspiraory stidor
- Rhinnorhea

Epiglottitis
1) BActerial (H. Influenza)
2) 2-6 yoa
3) sudden onset (hours)
4) Supraglottic (emergency)
5) S/S
-low pitched insp stridor
-drooling/ lethargic/ fever
-restlessness/ tachypnea
-sitting upright/ pharyngitis
(leaning forward and drooling)
20
Q

treatment for Croup

A

humidified O2
-Mist
- Racemic epi
Dexamethasone (IM/PO/ Neb)

21
Q

treatment for epiglottitis

A
emergent unconsciuos
-induce intubate in ER
Urgent
-to OR (NO DL until under GA)
Stable
- lat neck xray (thumb)
22
Q
Normal VS HR and BP for ages
AGE     HR        SYS             DYS
NB-
6mths-
12mth-
2y/o-
5y/o-
12y/o-
A
Normal VS HR and BP for ages
AGE     HR        SYS             DYS
NB- 133 (18)      80 (16)        46 (16)
6mths- 120 (20)   89 (29)       60 (10)
12mth-120 (120)  96 (30)        66 (25)
2y/o-  105 (25)     99 (25)       64(25)
5y/o-  90 (10)       94 (14)        55 (9)
12y/o- 70 (17)      113 (18)      59 (10)

(X) means + or -