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Final Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

AE of Glitazone (TZDs)?

A

AE - FLUID RETENTION, weight gain, edema, exacerbates CSF, contraindicated in pts with class III and IV heart failure, MONITOR LIVER FUNCTIONING

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2
Q

Effect of mercury?

A

Mercury reacts with -SH groups in vivo inhibiting enzymes and altering cell membranes.

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3
Q

Busiprone?

A

2nd line agent for GAD

  • partial 5-HT1a agonist
  • gradual onset of 2 weeks
  • no abuse potential
  • no withdrawal reaciton
  • no alcohol potentiation
  • no sedative-hypnotic effect
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4
Q

AE of amantadine?

A

Livedo reticularis [purple, mottled skin]

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5
Q

How do you treat anorexia in end of life care?

A

Dronabinol

Dexamethasone

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6
Q

Action of acamprosate?

A

NMDA antagonist

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7
Q

AE of tubocurarine?

A

Hypotension
Bronchospasm
Excessive secretions

**all of this is b/c it is Benzylisoquinolines which causes massive histamine release – DO NOT GIVE TO PATIENT WITH ASTHMA

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8
Q

How are ester anesthetics metabolized?

A

Via esterases - extrahepatically

Ex. procain

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9
Q

What is morphine used for in end of life care?

A

Pain and dyspnea

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10
Q

Other than anesthetic property, what else does propofol provide?

A

Anti-emetic effect

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11
Q

Primidone?

A

Phenobarbital analog used for ESSENTIAL TREMOR

AE - QT prolongation

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12
Q

Fulvestrant?

A

ER antagonist everywhere in the body used to treat estrogen receptive breast cancer that is unresponsive to other treatment

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13
Q

Levothyroxine vs Liothyronine?

A

Levothyroxine: T4, longer half-life
Liothyronine: T3, 10x more potent

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14
Q

What receptor does oxytocin bind to?

A

Gq (GPCR)

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15
Q

Tx theophylline-induced seizures?

A

Benzos and barbiturates

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16
Q

Pt has thyroid storm but has history of asthma?

A

Give CCB NOT B-blockers – aka give diltiazem and verapamil

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17
Q

Danazol?

A

Partial agonist at androgen receptors
Tx endometriosis and fibrocystic disease of the breast

AE - acne, weight gain, hepatotoxicity, decrease HDL

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18
Q

Tyramine?

A

Indirect-acting sympathomimetic that enhances catecholamine release from presynaptic neuron

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19
Q

Parathion?

A

Organophosphate that binds ACHE inhibiting it – reverse with pralidoxime or Atropine

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20
Q

Which SSRIs have the lowest potential for drug interactions?

A

Citalopram, escitalopram and sertraline

*fluoxetine, paroxetine and Fluvoxamine have lots of CYP interactions

21
Q

AE of Clozapine?

A

Agranulocytosis [continue to do blood draws]
Weight gain
Seizures

22
Q

Which insomnia medication has the least day after drowsiness?

23
Q

Buprenorphine?

A

partial mu agonist and kappa antagonist used to treat opioid addiction

24
Q

Acrodynia?

A

pink discoloration of hands and feet due to exposure to heavy metals such as mercury – treat with acute (DUS) and chronic (US)

25
Which corticosteroids do not have any mineralocorticoid activity?
Dexamethasone and Triamcinolone
26
Antidote for non-depolarizing ACh blockers?
Endrophonium and Neostigmine
27
Aripiprazole?
Atypical antipsychotic that is a PARTIAL agonist at D2 receptor -- all other atypical antipsychotics are competitive antagonists
28
AE metformin?
- GI irritation - lactic acidosis - vit B12 deficiency - weight loss
29
Which TCAs have less anticholinergic effects?
secondary amines - Desipramine and Nortryptilline
30
Which antidepressants can cause orthostatic hypotension?
TCAs or MAOIs
31
Adverse effects of Mirtazepine?
a2 blocker and 5HT2 agonist AE - sedation, constipation, dry mouth, weight gain
32
Which atypical antipsychotic causes the least amt of extrapyramidal effects?
Clozapine
33
Oxandrolone?
anabolic-androgen steroid
34
AE of somatropin?
Hyperglycemia Weight gain Muscle ache Headache
35
AE of octreotide?
- hypothyroidism - cardiac conduction changes - GI reactions - GALLSTONES - hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia
36
What form of vitamin D is found in milk?
cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol
37
Metformin contraindications?
contraindicated in pts with renal disease, hepatic disease, hypoxia, alcoholism
38
Parathion mechanism?
Inhibits AChE increasing amt of ACh in cleft -- pt has pinpoint pupils!
39
What benzo do you use for short term treatment of panic disorders?
Alprazolam
40
Which medications have paradoxical reactions?
- Benzo - barb - antipsychotics - antidepressants - antibiotics
41
Which anesthetic decreases intracranial pressure?
Propofol
42
Which anesthetics are pungent?
Desoflurane | Isoflurane
43
Which anesthetics are non-pungent?
Halothane Nitrous oxide Sevoflurane
44
AE of Thioamides?
nausea, gastrointestinal disturbances, rash, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, hepatitis, HYPOTHYROIDISM
45
Lugol's iodine?
Lugol's solution and Potassium iodide MOA - large doses of iodide inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis (decrease organification and release) via brief TPO inhibition. There is no long term-use b/c thyroid "escapes" from effects after 10-14 days ["Wolff-Chaikoff effect"] Lugol's solution - mixture of iodine and potassium iodide Potassium iodide - saturation solution Used prior to surgical thyroidectomy to reduce size, fragility and vascularity of thyroid gland. These are used in conjunction with PTU and B-blockers in thyrotoxic crises. Oral admin -takes 2-7 days for onset of activity AE - Wolkff-Chaikoff effect or Jod-Basedow phenomenon (hyperthyroidism at the onset of iodine admin?), anaphylactic reaction leading to angioedema, brassy taste, burning of teeth and gums, enlargement of parotid and maxillary glands (with chronic iodide intoxication)
46
Which parkinsons drug may cause livedo reticularis?
Amantadine
47
Stanozolol?
synthetic anabolic steroid derived from dihydrotestosterone
48
Which sulfonyurea causes the worst hypoglycemic episodes?
Glyburide
49
What does physostigmine administration to a pt with TCA toxicity lead to?
heart block and asystole (cardiotoxicity)

Pharm 3 (21 decks)

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