Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

LC > Final Extras to hammer > Flashcards

Final Extras to hammer Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosomal Location of SRY

A

Yp11

next to pseudo-autosomal zone so can cross over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gonads first appear as? When?

A

Paired genital ridges at 4-5 weeks gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TFs linked to gonadogenesis

A

WT-1 (wilms tumor), NR5A1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SRY timing for differentiation into testes

A

6th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leydig cells make T

A

8th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After the Chromosomal and gonadal phases, the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts are what phase?

A

Phenotypic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Higher receptor affinity? DHT or T?

A

DHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Testes reach inguinal region by? And scrotum by?

A

12 weeks, 33 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cloacal Extrophy

A

46 XY, Balls but no dick, raised as girls, often gender dysphoric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Do ovaries descend?

A

NO - if you can palpate gonads they are bollocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

95% of the time a virilized 46XX is?

A

CAH

Other poss: SRY translocation, ovotesticular DSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What chromosome is the androgen receptor on?

A

X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Local actions of hormones are?

A

Paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FSH works on sertoli and LH works on Leydig via?

A

GPCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sertoli fxns (5)

A

make E2, form BSBarrier, release AMH, concentrate T with ABP, secrete inhibin that feeds back on FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Androgens feed back on?

A

GnRH, LH, FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is HPG axis active in FETAL dev?

A

Yes - and it keeps going in infancy then has the juvenile pause before puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Menarche how may years after start of puberty?

A

2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Only part of puberty in boys NOT mediated by T?

A

Growth of testes (mediated by LH/FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What mediates bone age advancement in BOTH boys and girls?

A

Estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Puberty first by race? (girls)

A

Black (9.5), then hispanic (9.8), then white (10.4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Boys average age

A

11.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Delayed puberty age - boys and girls?

A

14, 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

BONE age when puberty starts? Boy/Girl

A

11.5-12, 10.5-11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Kallman
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with no sense of smell (anosmia)
26
Vaginal bleeding and DARK AREOLAS?
ovarian cysts, so PP NOT GnRH realted
27
Ealry puberty ages? Boys/girls
9, 8 (white girls), 6.5-7 (black, hispanic girls)
28
Central Precocious puberty often assoc with?
Hypothlamic Hamartoma
29
McCune Albright
PP, ovarian cysts, irregular cafe au lait spots (GP a-subunit problem) CAN ALSO HAVE HYPERTHYROID OR CUSHINGS
30
Goal of PP treatment?
reclaim final height potential
31
Central PP treatment?
GnRH analog constant
32
Treatment for ovarian cyst PP?
Watchful waiting
33
Tx for McCune Albright PP?
Aromatase inhib (LETROZOLE)
34
Tx for CAH PP?
Glucocorticoids
35
Tx for familial testotoxicosis PP?
(big bollocks) aromatase inhib plus androgen blocker OR ketoconazole
36
Flutamide and other -utamides MoA?
androgen receptor antagonist
37
Finsteride and Dutasteride MoA?
5-a-reductase inhibs Fin (type I - selective, urogenital and hiar follicles) Dut (type I & II - nonselective, non-genital skin, liver and bone)
38
methyl-T, oxandrolone, nandrolone, stanozolol
T drugs
39
methyl-T admin
ORAL
40
t-ethanoate, t-cypionate admin?
parenteral
41
Ketoconazole inhibs T synthesis by blocking?
17-a-hydroxylase
42
Degrarelix?
GnRH ANTagonist
43
Prostate CA tx?
Leuprolide (or other GnRH agonist) & Flutamide
44
BPH
a1-ANTagonist (-zosin) to decrease sphincter tone | WITH Finasteride, Dutasteride
45
PCOS
CCP & spironolactone
46
Baldness
Finasteride
47
PP in boys
Leuprolide
48
Concentration oand storage of sperm in whcih parts of epididymus?
Concentration in head | Storage in tail
49
How long does spermatogenesis take?
64-74 days with many cycles going at once
50
DHT acts specifically on?
External genitalia and prostate
51
Inhibin A or B that is important in males?
B
52
Hemochromatosis
Iron deposition selectively in gonadotropes - leads to LH and FSH deficiency
53
Kleinfelters have elevations in which hormone?
FSH, as no inhibin B due to crappy balls | NORMAL LH AND LOW T
54
Congenital hyPER gonadotropic hypogonadism
HIGH FSH AND LH and LOW T
55
Ambiguous genitalia
hi LH FSH, T, and Estradiol
56
PLAP or HCG means what testicular tumor
Embryonal carcinoma
57
Sertoli vs Leydig cell tumors
Sertoli much worse | LEYDIG CEEL TUMORS HAVE PINK REINKE CRYSTALS
58
Copper IUD infx?
Think actinomyces - NOT pathogenic
59
Type 1 Endometrial CA mutations
``` P10, MLH1, BRAF, B-catenin, K-ras, PRE-menopausal GOOD prog (eg endometrioid carcinoma) ```
60
Type 2 Endometrial CA mutations
``` p53 mutation, POST-menopausal BAD prog (eg. serous carcinoma) ```
61
GRADE vs STAGE
GRADE based on degree of differentiation | STAGE based on extent of spread
62
Bromocryptine and cabergoline are?
dopamine agonists
63
Clomiphine fools hypothalamus into thinking?
there's no estrogen
64
Fibanserin
littel pink pill 5HT1a agonist and 5HT2 anatgonist so lowers 5HT and raises DA in PFC but beware of hypotension with EtOH
65
Clonidine side effect (a2-agonist)
DRY MOUTH
66
Raloxifene advantages over Tamoxifen
Ral does not increase endometrial CA risk but tamoxifen does (ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS) Ral has better effects on maintaing estrogen effects on bone so (avoids osteo) Both have risk of clotting but Ral is less Both do NOT stop hot flashes
67
Paget vs Melanoma on vulva
Paget: PAS and Keratin Postive (S100 neg) CARCINOMA IN SITU PAS is mucus marker and keratin only seen in epithelial cells so carcinoma Melanoma: PAS and Keratin negative (S100 pos) BAD CA
68
Grape like mass protruding from child's penis or vagina?
Rhabdomyoblast (muscle cell - desmin)
69
Lower 2/3 and upper 1/3 vagina from and drains to?
Lower: urogenital ridge, inguinal Upper: mullerian ducts: iliac
70
Stem cells in endometrium come from?
basalis (asherman syndrome when its removed)
71
Serum marker for Ovarian CA?
CA-125

LC (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions