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LC > Final Extras to hammer > Flashcards

Final Extras to hammer Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosomal Location of SRY

A

Yp11

next to pseudo-autosomal zone so can cross over

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2
Q

Gonads first appear as? When?

A

Paired genital ridges at 4-5 weeks gestation

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3
Q

TFs linked to gonadogenesis

A

WT-1 (wilms tumor), NR5A1

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4
Q

SRY timing for differentiation into testes

A

6th week

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5
Q

Leydig cells make T

A

8th week

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6
Q

After the Chromosomal and gonadal phases, the Wolffian and Mullerian ducts are what phase?

A

Phenotypic

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7
Q

Higher receptor affinity? DHT or T?

A

DHT

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8
Q

Testes reach inguinal region by? And scrotum by?

A

12 weeks, 33 weeks

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9
Q

Cloacal Extrophy

A

46 XY, Balls but no dick, raised as girls, often gender dysphoric

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10
Q

Do ovaries descend?

A

NO - if you can palpate gonads they are bollocks

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11
Q

95% of the time a virilized 46XX is?

A

CAH

Other poss: SRY translocation, ovotesticular DSD

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12
Q

What chromosome is the androgen receptor on?

A

X

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13
Q

Local actions of hormones are?

A

Paracrine

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14
Q

FSH works on sertoli and LH works on Leydig via?

A

GPCR

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15
Q

Sertoli fxns (5)

A

make E2, form BSBarrier, release AMH, concentrate T with ABP, secrete inhibin that feeds back on FSH

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16
Q

Androgens feed back on?

A

GnRH, LH, FSH

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17
Q

Is HPG axis active in FETAL dev?

A

Yes - and it keeps going in infancy then has the juvenile pause before puberty

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18
Q

Menarche how may years after start of puberty?

A

2 years

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19
Q

Only part of puberty in boys NOT mediated by T?

A

Growth of testes (mediated by LH/FSH)

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20
Q

What mediates bone age advancement in BOTH boys and girls?

A

Estrogen

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21
Q

Puberty first by race? (girls)

A

Black (9.5), then hispanic (9.8), then white (10.4)

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22
Q

Boys average age

A

11.5

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23
Q

Delayed puberty age - boys and girls?

A

14, 13

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24
Q

BONE age when puberty starts? Boy/Girl

A

11.5-12, 10.5-11

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25
Q

Kallman

A

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with no sense of smell (anosmia)

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26
Q

Vaginal bleeding and DARK AREOLAS?

A

ovarian cysts, so PP NOT GnRH realted

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27
Q

Ealry puberty ages? Boys/girls

A

9, 8 (white girls), 6.5-7 (black, hispanic girls)

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28
Q

Central Precocious puberty often assoc with?

A

Hypothlamic Hamartoma

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29
Q

McCune Albright

A

PP, ovarian cysts, irregular cafe au lait spots (GP a-subunit problem)
CAN ALSO HAVE HYPERTHYROID OR CUSHINGS

30
Q

Goal of PP treatment?

A

reclaim final height potential

31
Q

Central PP treatment?

A

GnRH analog constant

32
Q

Treatment for ovarian cyst PP?

A

Watchful waiting

33
Q

Tx for McCune Albright PP?

A

Aromatase inhib (LETROZOLE)

34
Q

Tx for CAH PP?

A

Glucocorticoids

35
Q

Tx for familial testotoxicosis PP?

A

(big bollocks) aromatase inhib plus androgen blocker OR ketoconazole

36
Q

Flutamide and other -utamides MoA?

A

androgen receptor antagonist

37
Q

Finsteride and Dutasteride MoA?

A

5-a-reductase inhibs
Fin (type I - selective, urogenital and hiar follicles)
Dut (type I & II - nonselective, non-genital skin, liver and bone)

38
Q

methyl-T, oxandrolone, nandrolone, stanozolol

A

T drugs

39
Q

methyl-T admin

A

ORAL

40
Q

t-ethanoate, t-cypionate admin?

A

parenteral

41
Q

Ketoconazole inhibs T synthesis by blocking?

A

17-a-hydroxylase

42
Q

Degrarelix?

A

GnRH ANTagonist

43
Q

Prostate CA tx?

A

Leuprolide (or other GnRH agonist) & Flutamide

44
Q

BPH

A

a1-ANTagonist (-zosin) to decrease sphincter tone

WITH Finasteride, Dutasteride

45
Q

PCOS

A

CCP & spironolactone

46
Q

Baldness

A

Finasteride

47
Q

PP in boys

A

Leuprolide

48
Q

Concentration oand storage of sperm in whcih parts of epididymus?

A

Concentration in head

Storage in tail

49
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take?

A

64-74 days with many cycles going at once

50
Q

DHT acts specifically on?

A

External genitalia and prostate

51
Q

Inhibin A or B that is important in males?

A

B

52
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Iron deposition selectively in gonadotropes - leads to LH and FSH deficiency

53
Q

Kleinfelters have elevations in which hormone?

A

FSH, as no inhibin B due to crappy balls

NORMAL LH AND LOW T

54
Q

Congenital hyPER gonadotropic hypogonadism

A

HIGH FSH AND LH and LOW T

55
Q

Ambiguous genitalia

A

hi LH FSH, T, and Estradiol

56
Q

PLAP or HCG means what testicular tumor

A

Embryonal carcinoma

57
Q

Sertoli vs Leydig cell tumors

A

Sertoli much worse

LEYDIG CEEL TUMORS HAVE PINK REINKE CRYSTALS

58
Q

Copper IUD infx?

A

Think actinomyces - NOT pathogenic

59
Q

Type 1 Endometrial CA mutations

A 
P10, MLH1, BRAF, B-catenin, K-ras, PRE-menopausal
GOOD prog (eg endometrioid carcinoma)
60
Q

Type 2 Endometrial CA mutations

A 
p53 mutation, POST-menopausal
BAD prog (eg. serous carcinoma)
61
Q

GRADE vs STAGE

A

GRADE based on degree of differentiation

STAGE based on extent of spread

62
Q

Bromocryptine and cabergoline are?

A

dopamine agonists

63
Q

Clomiphine fools hypothalamus into thinking?

A

there’s no estrogen

64
Q

Fibanserin

A

littel pink pill 5HT1a agonist and 5HT2 anatgonist so lowers 5HT and raises DA in PFC but beware of hypotension with EtOH

65
Q

Clonidine side effect (a2-agonist)

A

DRY MOUTH

66
Q

Raloxifene advantages over Tamoxifen

A

Ral does not increase endometrial CA risk but tamoxifen does (ENDOMETRIAL POLYPS)
Ral has better effects on maintaing estrogen effects on bone so (avoids osteo)
Both have risk of clotting but Ral is less
Both do NOT stop hot flashes

67
Q

Paget vs Melanoma on vulva

A

Paget: PAS and Keratin Postive (S100 neg) CARCINOMA IN SITU
PAS is mucus marker and keratin only seen in epithelial cells so carcinoma
Melanoma: PAS and Keratin negative (S100 pos) BAD CA

68
Q

Grape like mass protruding from child’s penis or vagina?

A

Rhabdomyoblast (muscle cell - desmin)

69
Q

Lower 2/3 and upper 1/3 vagina from and drains to?

A

Lower: urogenital ridge, inguinal
Upper: mullerian ducts: iliac

70
Q

Stem cells in endometrium come from?

A

basalis (asherman syndrome when its removed)

71
Q

Serum marker for Ovarian CA?

A

CA-125

LC (4 decks)

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