final exam year 1 Flashcards
C-reactiveprotein(CRP)
A. Is secreted in a circadian rhythm with higher levels in the morning
B. Increases after eating a large meal
C. Does not increase in response to stress in patients with liver failure
D. Is less sensitive than erythrocyte sedimentation rate as
a marker of inflammation
Does not increase in response to stress in patients with liver failure
which of the following is true regarding the inflammatory response after a traumatic injury.
A. There is an acute proin infammatory response caused by stimulation of the adaptive immune system.
B. There is an anti-in inflammatory response that leads to a return of homeostasis accompanied by suppression of the
innate immune system.
C. The degree of inflammation is proportional to injury severity.
D. Systemic inflammation following trauma is related to the immune response to microbes
The degree of inflammation is proportional to injury severity.
High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)
A. Is associated with the best-characterized damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP), detectable in the circulation within 30 minute so trauma
B. Is a protein secreted by immune-competent cells stimulated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns
(PAMPs)or inflammatory cytokines
C. Is also secreted by endothelial cells, platelets, and also asa part of cell death
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
The most abundant amino acid in the human body is
A. Carnitine B. Arginine C. Glutamine D. Methionine
Glutamine
- What is the role of mitochondrial DAMPs in the injury mediated inflammatory response?
A. Mitochondrial DNA induces production of HMGB1.
B. Mitochondrial DNA and peptides from damaged mitochondria activate the macrophage inflammasome.
C. Mitochondrial DNA and peptides modulate the anti- in ammatory response that suppresses the adaptive
immune system.
D. Mitochondrial DNA is directly toxic to the liver and lung in high amounts.
Mitochondrial DNA and peptides from damaged mitochondria activate the macrophage inflammasome.
- Which is FALSE regarding the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis and injury-associated stress?
A. the HPA is initiated by the hypothalamus producing corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) in response to inflammatory cytokines.
B. CRH acts on the anterior pituitary to stimulate adrenocorticotropin hormone (AC H) secretion.
C. CRH simulates the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland to synthesise and secrete glucocorticoids.
D. Insufficient cortisol in response to critical illness can lead to tachycardia, hypotension, weakness, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia.
CRH simulates the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland to synthesise and secrete glucocorticoids.
Nutritional formulas used to treat pulmonary failure typically increase the fat intake of a patient’s total caloric intake to
A. 50% B. 20% C. 80% D. 10%
A. 50%
Metabolic acidosis within a normal anion gap (AG) occurs with A. Diabetic acidosis B. Renal failure C Severe diarrhea D. Starvation
C Severe diarrhea
All are possible causes of post operative hyponatremia EXCEPT.
A. excessive infusion of normal saline intraoperatively B. Administration of antipsychotic medication.
C. Transient decrease in ADH hormone secretion.
D. excessive oral water intake.
Transient decrease in ADH hormone secretion.
Which of the followings an early sign of hyperkalemia? A. Peaked T waves B. Peaked P waves C. Peaked (shortened) QRS complex D. Peaked U waves
A. Peaked T waves
Hypocalemia may cause which of the following
A. Congestive heart failure B. Atrial fibrillation
C. Pancreatitis
D. Hypoparathyroidism
A. Congestive heart failure
The next most appropriate test to order in a patient with a pH of 7.1, pco2 of 40, sodium of 132, potassium of 4.2, and chloride of 105 is
A. Serum bicarbonate B. Serum magnesium C. Serum ethanol
D. Serum salicylate
A. Serum bicarbonate
Which fo the following is false regarding hypertonic saline.
A. Is an arteriolar vasodilator and may increase bleeding
B. Should be avoided in closed head injury
C. Should not be used in initial resuscitation
D. Increases cerebral perfusion
B. Should be avoided in closed head injury
normal saline is A 135 mEq NaCl/L B 145 mEq NaCl/L C 148 mEq NaCl/L D 154 mEq NaCl/L
D 154 mEq NaCl/L
Fluid resuscitation using albumin
A. Is associated with coagulopathy B. Is available as 1% or 5% solutions C. Can lead to pulmonary edema D. Decreased factor XIII
Can lead to pulmonary edema
Water constitutes what percentage of total body weight A. 30–40% B. 40–50% C. 50–60% D. 60–70%
C. 50–60%
if a patients serum glucose increases by 180 mg/dL, what is the increase in serum osmolarity, assuming all other lab values remain constant. A. Doesnt change B. 8 C. 10 D. 12
C. 10
What is the actual potassium a patient with pH 7.8 and serum potassium of 2.2 A. 2.2 B. 2.8 C. 3.2 D. 3.4
D. 3.4
the free water deficit of a 70kg man with serum sodium of 154 is
A.0.1L B. 0.7L C. 1L D. 7L
D. 7L
A patient with serum calcium of 6.8 and albumin of 1.2 has a corrected claim of A. 7.7 B. 8.0 C. 8.6 D. 9.2
D. 9.2
all of the following treatments of hyperkalemia reduce serum potassium except
A. Bicarbonate
B. Kayexalate
C. Glucose infusion with insulin D. Calcium
D. Calcium
An alcoholic patient with serum albumin 3.9, K 3.1, Mg 2.4, Ca 7.8, and PO4 3.2 receives three boluses IV potassium and has serum potassium 3.3. You should
A. Continue to bolus potassium until the serum level is more than 3.6
B. Give MgSO4 IV.
C. Check the ionized calcium
D. check the BUN and creatine
B. Give MgSO4 IV.
Calculate the daily maintenance fluids needed for a 60kg female A. 2060 B. 2100 C. 2160 D. 2400
B. 2100
A patient who has spasms in the hand when a blood presssure cuff is blown up most likely has: A. Hyper alcemia B. Hyp alcemia C. Hypermagnesemia D. Hyp magnesemia
B. Hypoalcemia
The actual AG of a chronic alcholic with Na 133, K 4, Cl-101, HCO3-22,albumin of 2.5ng/dL is A. 6 B. 10 C.14 D. 15
D. 15
The efective osmotic pressure between the plasma and
interstitial fluid compartments is primarily controlled by
A. Bicaarbonate B.Chlridein C.Potassiumin D. Protein
D. Protein
The metabolic derangement most commonly seen in patients with profuse vomiting
A. Hyp hl remi ,hyp kalemi metab li alkal sis
B. Hyp hl remi ,hyp kalemi metab li a id sis
C. Hyp hl remi ,hyperkalemi metab li alkal sis D. Hyp hl remi ,hyperkalemi metab li a id sis
B. Hypochloremic ,hypokalemic metabolic acidosis
Symptoms and signs of extra cellular fluid volume defecit
include all the following EXCEPT A. An rexia
B. Apathy
C. De reased b
wing EXCEP
dy temperature
D. Highpulsepressure
D. High pulse pressure
A low urinary [NH+] with a hyperchloremic acidosis
indicates what cause?
A. Ex essive v miting
B. Enter utane us stula C. Chr ni diarrhea
D. Renaltubulara id sis
D. Renal tubular acidosis
- When lactic acid is produced in response to injury, the body minimizes pH change by A.Dereasingprdutin sdiumbiarbnatein
tissues
B. Ex reting arb n di xide thr ugh the lungs
C. Ex reting la ti a id thr ugh the kidneys
D. Metab lizingthela ti a idintheliver
B. Excreting carbon dioxide through the lungs
What is the best determinant of whether a patient has a metabolic acidosis versus alkalosis
A. Arterial pH B.Serumbiarbnate
C. Pco2
D. Serum CO2 level
A. Arterial pH
If a patient’s arterial Pco2 is found to be 25 mm Hg, the arterial pH will be approx? A. 7.52 b. 7.40 c. 7.32 d. 7.28
D. 7.28
Which of the following are NOT characteristic findings of acute renal failure? A. BUN>100mg/dL B. Hyp kalemia C.Severeaidsis D. Uremi peri arditis E. Uremi en ephal pathy
A. BUN>100mg/dL
An elderly diabetic patient who has acute cholecystitis is found to have a serum sodium level 122 mEq/L and a bood glucose 600 mg/dL. After correcting the glucose concentration to 100 mg/dL with insulin, the serum
sodium concentration would
A. De rease signi antly unless the patient als
re eived
3%saline
B. De rease transiently but return t appr ximately
122 mEq/L with ut spe i therapy
C. Remain essentially un hanged
D. In rease t the n rmal range with ut spe i
therapy
D. Increase to the normal range without specific
therapy
Excessive administration of normal saline for fluid resuscitation can lead to what metabolic derangement? A. Metab li alkal sis B. Metab li a id sis C. Respirat ryalkal sis D. Respirat rya id sis
b. metabolic acidosis acidosis
The first step in the management of acute hypercalcemia should be A. C rre ti n de it extra ellular uid v lume B. Hem dialysis. C. Administrati n D. Administrati n ur semide. mithramy in.
A. Correction of deficit extra cellular fluid volume
- A victim of a motor vehicle accident arrives in hemorrhagic shock. His arterial blood gases are pH, 7.25; Po2, 95mmHg;Pco,25mmHg;HCO–,15mEq/L. The patient’s metabolic acidosis would be treated best with
A. Ampule s dium bi arb nate B.Sdiumbiarbnateinusin
C. La tated Ringer s luti n
D. Hyperventilati n
C. Lactated Ringer solution
three days after surgery for gastric carcinoma, a 50yr old alcoholic male exhibits delirium, muscle tremors, and hyperactive tendon reflexes. magnesium deficiency is suspected. all of the following statements are true EXCEPT:
A. decision to administer magnesium should be based on the serum magnesium level
b. adequate cellular replacement of magnesium will require 1-3weeks.
A. decision to administer magnesium should be based on the serum magnesium level
Refeeding syndrome can be associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A. Respirat ry ailure B. Hyperkalemia C. C n usi n D. Cardia arrhythmias
B. Hyperkalemia
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major physiologic events of hemostasis? A. Fibrinolysis
B. Vasodilatation
C. Platelet plug ormation D. Fibrin production
B. Vasodilatation
Which is required for platelet adherence to injured endothelium? A. T romboxaneA2 B. Glycoprotein(GP)IIb/IIIa C. Adenosinediphosphate(ADP) D. Von Willebrand actor (vWF)
D. Von Willebrand actor (vWF)
which of the following clotting factors is the first factor common to both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways?
A. Factor I ( brinogen)
B. FactorIX(Christmas actor)
C. FactorX(Stuart-Prower actor)
D. Factor XI (plasma thromboplasma antecedent)
C. FactorX(Stuart-Prower actor)
Which congenital factor defciency is associated with delayed bleeding after initial hemostasis?
A. Factor VII
B. FactorIX
C. FactorXI D. Factor XIII
D. Factor XIII
In a previously unexposed patient, when does the platelet count fall in heparin induced thrombocytopenia(HIT)?
A. <24hours
B. 24–28hours
C. 3–4days D. 5–7days
D. 5–7days
Which is NOT an acquired platelet homeostatic defect?
A. Massive blood transfusion following trauma
B. Acute renal failure
C.Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) D. Polycythemiavera
C.Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)
What is true about coagulopathy related to trauma?
A. Acute coagulopathy o trauma is mechanistically simi-
lar to DIC.
B. Coagulopathy can develop in trauma patients ollow-
ing acidosis, hypothermia, and dilution o coagulation actors, though coagulation is normal upon admission.
C. Acute coagulopathy o trauma is caused by shock and
tissueinjury.
D. Acute coagulopathy o trauma is mainly a dilutional
coagulopathy.
C. Acute coagulopathy o trauma is caused by shock and
tissueinjury.
- What is the best laboratory test or determine degree of anticoagulation with dabigatran and rivaroxaban?
A. Prothrombin time/international normalised ratio (P /INR)
B. partial thromboplastin time (P
C. Bleedingtime
D. None of
the above
D. None of the above
A fully heparinized patient develops a condition requiring emergency surgery. After stopping the heparin, what else should be done to prepare the patient?
A.Nothing if the surgery can be delayed for 2 to 3 hours.
B. Immediate administration of protamine 5 mg or every 100 units of heparin most recently administered.
C.Immediate administration o FFP.
D. transfusion of 10 units of platelets.
Nothing if the surgery can be delayed for 2 to 3 hours.
Primary ITP
A. Occurs more often in children than adults, but has a
similar clinical course.
B. Includes Hit as a subtype of drug-induced ITP.
C. Is also known as thrombotic thrombocytopenic pur-
pura ( TPP).
D. Is a disease of impaired platelet production, unknown cause.
Includes Hit as a subtype of drug-induced ITP.
Which of the following is the most common intrinsic platelet defect?
A. T rombasthenia
B. Bernard-Soulier syndrome C. Cyclooxygenasede deficiency D. Storage pool disease
D. Storage pool disease
Which findings is not consistent with TTP?
A. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
B. Schistocytes on peripheral blood smear
C. Fever
D. Splenomegaly
D. Splenomegaly
What is FALSE regarding coagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)?
A. Contact with circuit tubing and membranes activates
inflammatory cascades, and causes abnormal platelet and clotting factor function.
B. Coagulopathy is compounded by sheer stress.
C. Following bypass, platelets’ morphology and ability to
aggregate are irreversibly altered.
D. Coagulopathy is compounded by hypothermia and hemodilution.
Following bypass, platelets’ morphology and ability to
aggregate are irreversibly altered.
Following a recent abdominal surgery, your patient is in the icu with septic shock. Below what level of haemoglobin would a blood transfusion be indicated. A. <12g/dL B. <10g/dL C. <8g/dL D. <7g/dL
D. <7g/dL
Less than 0.5% o transfusions result in a serious transfusion related complication. What is the leading cause of transfusion related deaths? A. transfusion-related acute lung injury B. ABO hemolytic transfusion reactions C. Bacterial contamination of platelets D. Iatrogenic hepatitis C in infection
A. transfusion-related acute lung injury
Allergic reactions do not occur with A. Packed RBCs B. FFP C. Cryoprecipitate D. none of the above
D. none of the above
What is the risk of Hepatitis C and HIV-1 transmission with blood trans usion? A. 1:10,000,000 B. 1:1,000,000 C. 1:500,000 D. 1:100,000
B. 1:1,000,000
What is NOT a cause of bleeding due to massive transfusion? A. Dilutional coagulopathy B. Hypofibrinogenemia C. Hypothermia D. 2,3-DPG toxicity
D. 2,3-DPG toxicity
The most common cause or a transfusion reaction is A. Air embolism B. Contaminated blood C. Human error D. Unusual circulating antibodies
C. Human error
Frozen plasma prepared from freshly donated blood is necessary when a patient requires A. Fibrinogen B. Prothrombin C. Antihemophilic factor D. Christmas factor E. Hageman factor
C. Antihemophilic factor
The most common clinical manifestation of a hemolytic transfusion reaction is A. Flank pain B. Jaundice C. Oliguria D. A shaking chill
C. Oliguria
What type of bacterial sepsis can lead to thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic disorder? A. Gram-negative B. Gram-positive C.A&B D. Encapsulated bacteria
A. Gram-negative
After tissue injury the first step in coagulation is
A. Binding of actor XII to subendothelial collagen
B. Cleavage of factor XI to active actor IX
C. Complexing fo factor IX with actor VIII in the presence of ionized calcium conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
D. Formation of fibrin from fibrinogen
A. Binding of actor XII to subendothelial collagen
What are the uses of thromboelastography
A. Predicting need for life saving interventions after arrival for trauma
B. Predicting 24-hour and 30-day mortality Following trauma
c. Predicting early transfusion of RBc, plasma, platelets and cryoprecipitate
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Bank blood is appropriate or replacing each o the following EXCEPT A. Factor I ( brinogen) B. FactorII(prothrombin) C. FactorVII(proconvertin) D. FactorVIII(antihemophilic actor)
FactorVIII(antihemophilic actor)
1. Shock caused by a large tension pneumothorax is categorised as A. trauma shock B. Vasodilator shock C. Cardiogenic shock D. Obstructive shock
D. Obstructive shock
- What is true about baroreceptors?
A. Volume receptors can be activated in hemorrhage with
reduction in left atrial pressure.
B. Receptors in the aortic arch and carotid bodies inhibit
the autonomic nervous system (ANS) when stretched.
C. When baroreceptors are stretched, they induced
increased ANS output and produce constriction of
peripheral vessels.
D. None of the above.
Receptors in the aortic arch and carotid bodies inhibit
the autonomic nervous system (ANS) when stretched.
Chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid bodies do NOT sense which of the following? A. Changes in O2 tension B. H+ ion concentration C. HCO3 – concentration D. Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels
C. HCO3 – concentration
Neurogenic shock is characterised by the presence of
A. Cool moist skin
B. Increased cardiac output
C. Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
D. Decreased blood volume
Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
When a patient with hemorrhagic shock is resuscitated using an intravenous colloid solution rather than lactated Ringer solution, all of the following statements are true EXCEP
A. Circulating levels of immunoglobulins are decreased. B. Colloid solutions may bind to the ionized fraction of serum calcium.
C. Endogenous production of albumin is decreased.
D. Extracellular fluid volume deficit is restored.
D. Extracellular fluid volume deficit is restored
- In hemorrhage, larger arterioles vasoconstrict in response
to the sympathetic nervous system. Which categories o
shock are associated with vasodilation o larger arterioles?
A. Septic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Neurogenic shock
D. A & C
D. A & C
- Which o the ollowing is true about antidiuretic hormone
(ADH) production in injured patients?
A. ADH acts as a potent mesenteric vasoconstrictor.
B. ADH levels all to normal within 2 to 3 days o the initial insult.
C. ADH decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis.
D. ADH secretion is mediated by the renin-angiotensin
system.
A. ADH acts as a potent mesenteric vasoconstrictor.
Which o ollowing occur as a result o epinephrine and norepinephrine? A. Hepatic glycogenolysis B. Hypoglycemia C. Insulin sensitivity D. Lipogenesis
A. Hepatic glycogenolysis
A patient has a blood pressure o 70/50 mm Hg and a
serum lactate level o 30 mg/100 mL (normal: 6–16). His
cardiac output is 1.9 L/min, and his central venous pressure is 2 cm H2O. T e most likely diagnosis is
A. Congestive heart ailure
B. Cardiac tamponade
C. Hypovolemic shock
D. Septic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock
umor necrosis actor-alpha ( NF-α)
A. Can be released as a response to bacteria or
endotoxin
B. Increased more in trauma than septic patients
C. Induces procoagulant activity and peripheral
vasoconstriction
D. Contributes to anemia o chronic illness
A. Can be released as a response to bacteria or
endotoxin
A 70-kg male patient presents to ED ollowing a stab
wound to the abdomen. He is hypotensive, markedly
tachycardic, and appears con used. What percent o
blood volume has he lost?
A. 5%
B. 15%
C. 35%
D. 55%
D. 55%
Vasodilatory shock
A. Is characterized by ailure o vascular smooth muscle
to constrict due to low levels o catecholamines
B. Leads to suppression o the renin-angiotensin system
C. Can also be caused by carbon monoxide poisoning
D. Is similar to early cardiogenic shock
C. Can also be caused by carbon monoxide poisoning
A patient in septic shock remains hypotensive despite
adequate uid resuscitation and initiation o norepinephrine. What is o en given to patients with hypotension
re ractory to norepinephrine?
A. Dopamine
B. Arginine vasopressin
C. Dobutamine
D. Milrinone
B. Arginine vasopressin
ight glucose management in critically ill and septic
patients
A. Requires insulin to keep serum glucose <140
B. Has no e ect on mortality
C. Has no e ect on ventilator support
D. Decreases length o antibiotic therapy
D. Decreases length o antibiotic therapy
Cardiogenic shock
A. Is most commonly caused by exacerbation o congestive heart ailure.
B. Cardiogenic shock ollowing an acute myocardial
in arction is typically present on admission.
C. Cardiogenic shock occurs in 5 to 10% o acute MIs.
D. Is characterized by hypotension, reduced cardiac
index, and reduced pulmonary artery wedge pressure.
C. Cardiogenic shock occurs in 5 to 10% o acute MIs.
All o the ollowing result rom the placement o an intraaortic balloon pump in a patient with acute myocardial
ailure EXCEP
A. Reduction o systolic a erload
B. Increased cardiac output
C. Increased myocardial O2
demand
D. Increased diastolic per usion pressure
C. Increased myocardial O2
demand
Which constellation o clinical ndings is suggestive o
cardiac tamponade?
A. Hypotension, wide pulse pressure, tachycardia
B. achycardia, hypotension, jugular venous distension
C. Hypotension, wide pulse pressure, jugular venous
distension
D. Hypotension, mu ed heart tones, jugular venous
distension
D. Hypotension, mu ed heart tones, jugular venous
distension
A 43-year-old man is struck by a motor vehicle while
crossing the street; he arrives in the ED hypotensive, bradycardic, and unable to move his extremities. What is the
most likely cause o his hypotension?
A. Hypovolemic shock
B. Obstructive shock
C. Neurogenic shock
D. Vasodilatory shock
A. Hypovolemic shock
Corticosteroids in the treatment o septic shock
A. Improves rates o shock reversal in patients requiring
vasopressors
B. Improves mortality in patients with relative adrenal
insuf ciency
C. Is contraindicated in patients with positive bacterial
blood cultures
D. None o the above
B. Improves mortality in patients with relative adrenal
insuf ciency
What is FALSE about serum lactate?
A. Generated rom pyruvate in the setting o insuf cient
O2
.
B. Metabolized by the liver and kidneys.
C. Is an indirect measure o the magnitude and severity
o shock.
D. T e time to peak lactate rom admission predicts rates
o survival.
D. T e time to peak lactate rom admission predicts rates
o survival.
rans errin plays a role in host de ense by
A. Sequestering iron, which is necessary or microbial
growth
B. Increasing the ability o brinogen to trap microbes
C. Direct injury to the bacterial cell membrane
D. Direct injury to the bacterial mitochondria
A. Sequestering iron, which is necessary or microbial
growth
Which is NO a component o systemic in ammatory response syndrome (SIRS)? A. emperature B. White blood cell (WBC) count C. Blood pressure D. Heart rate
C. Blood pressure
T e best method or hair removal rom an operative eld is
A. Shaving the night be ore
B. Depilating the night be ore surgery
C. Shaving in the operating room
D. Using hair clippers in the operating room
D. Using hair clippers in the operating room
- A patient with necrotizing pancreatitis undergoes computed tomography (C )-guided aspiration, which results
in growth o Escherichia coli on culture. T e most appropriate treatment is
A. Culture-appropriate antibiotic therapy
B. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with
sphincterotomy
C. C -guided placement o drain(s)
D. Exploratory laparotomy
D. Exploratory laparotomy
Which actor does NO in uence the development o surgical site in ections (SSIs)?
A. Duration o procedure
B. Degree o microbial contamination o the wound
C. Malnutrition
D. General anesthesia
D. General anesthesia
During a laparoscopic appendectomy, a large bowel injury
was caused during trochar placement with spillage o
bowel contents into the abdomen. What class o surgical
wound is this?
A. Class I (clean)
B. Class II (clean/contaminated)
C. Class III (contaminated)
D. Class IV (dirty)
C. Class III (contaminated)
he most appropriate treatment o a 4-cm hepatic
abscess is
A. Antibiotic therapy alone
B. Aspiration or culture and antibiotic therapy
C. Percutaneous drainage and antibiotic therapy
D. Operative exploration, open drainage o the abscess,
and antibiotic therapy
C. Percutaneous drainage and antibiotic therapy
Postoperative urinary tract in ections (U Is)
A. Are usually treated with a 7- to 10-day course o
antibiotics.
B. Initial therapy should be directed by results o urine
culture.
C. Are established by >104
CFU/mL o bacteria in urine
culture in asymptomatic patients.
D. Can be reduced by irrigating indwelling Foley catheters daily.
B. Initial therapy should be directed by results o urine
culture
T e rst step in the evaluation and treatment o a patient
with an in ected bug bite on the leg with cellulitis, bullae,
thin grayish uid draining rom the wound, and pain out
o proportion to the physical ndings is
A. Obtain C-reactive protein
B. C scan o the leg
C. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) o the leg
D. Operative exploration
D. Operative exploration
What is FALSE regarding intravascular catheter
in ections?
A. Selected low-virulence in ections can be treated with
a prolonged course o antibiotics.
B. In high-risk patients, prophylactic antibiotics in used
through the catheter can reduce rate o catheter
in ections.
C. Bacteremia with gram-negative bacteria or ungi
should prompt catheter removal.
D. Many patients with intravascular catheter in ections
are asymptomatic.
B. In high-risk patients, prophylactic antibiotics in used
through the catheter can reduce rate o catheter
in ections.
Patients with a penicillin allergy are LEAS likely to have a cross-reaction with A. Synthetic penicillins B. Carbapenems C. Cephalosporins D. Monobactams
D. Monobactams
What is the estimated risk o transmission o human
immunode ciency virus (HIV) rom a needlestick rom
a source with HIV-in ected blood?
A. <0.5%
B. 1%
C. 5%
D. 10%
A. <0.5%
Closure o an appendectomy wound in a patient with
per orated appendicitis who is receiving appropriate
antibiotics will result in a wound in ection in what percentage o patients?
A. 3–4%
B. 8–12%
C. 15–18%
D. 22–25%
A. 3–4%
A chronic carrier state occurs with hepatitis C in ection in what percentage o patients? A. 90–99% B. 75–80% C. 50–60% D. 10–30%
B. 75–80%
Possible exposure to anthrax should be initially treated with A. Colistin B. Cipro oxacin or doxycycline C. Amoxicillin D. Observation
B. Cipro oxacin or doxycycline
T e most e ective postexposure prophylaxis or a surgeon
stuck with a needle while operating on an HIV-positive
patient is
A. None (no e ective treatment is known).
B. wo- or three-drug therapy started within hours o
exposure.
C. Single drug therapy started within 24 hours o
exposure.
D. riple drug therapy started within 24 hours o
exposure.
B. wo- or three-drug therapy started within hours o
exposure
What is NO an early goal in treatment o severe sepsis? A. Mean arterial pressure >65 mm Hg B. Central venous pressure 8 to 2 mm Hg C. Urine output >0.5 cc/kg/h D. Serum lactate <2 mmol/L
D. Serum lactate <2 mmol/L
A patient in the ICU has been on ventilator support or 3
weeks. He has new onset elevated WBC count, ever, and
consolidation seen on chest X-ray. What is an appropriate
next step?
A. Exchange endotracheal tube and change respiratory
circuit.
B. Obtain bronchoalveolar lavage.
C. Start treatment with empiric penicillin G.
D. Obtain chest C .
B. Obtain bronchoalveolar lavage.
Patients with severe, necrotizing pancreatitis should be
treated with
A. No antibiotics unless C -guided aspiration o the area
yields positive cultures
B. Empiric ce oxitin or ce otetan
C. Empiric ce uroxime plus gentamicin
D. Empiric carbapenems or uoroquinolones
D. Empiric carbapenems or uoroquinolones
A patient with a localized wound in ection af er surgery
should be treated with
A. Antibiotics and warm soaks to the wound
B. Antibiotics alone
C. Antibiotics and opening the wound
D. Incision and drainage alone
D. Incision and drainage alone