Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skills Lab > Final Exam (Written) > Flashcards

Final Exam (Written) Flashcards

1
Q

Liquid preparation containing 1 or more drug substances molecularly dispersed n a suitable solvent

A

Solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Usually aqueous, may contain other co-solvents like alcohol

A

Topical solutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Concentrated aqueous preparations of sugar or sugar substitutes with or without flavoring agents

A

Syrups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clear, sweet, hydroalcoholic solutions that are usually flavored. Usually insoluble in water alone, but are soluble in water-alcohol mixtures

A

Elixirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common vehicles for oral solutions (alone or in combination) (4)

A

Water, ethanol, glycerin, syrups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Solution packaging (4)

A

Glass or plastic, light resistant containers

  1. Squeeze bottles
  2. Applicator or dropper bottles
  3. Amber vials
  4. Opaque cream/ointment jar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

One definite rule when choosing package sizing

A

Always use the smallest package that will hold the preparation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oral liquid storage

A

Room temperature or refrigerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Syrups storage

A

Refrigerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two-phased system consisting of a finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gas

A

Suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is it appropriate to make a suspension?

A

When the drugs are not sufficiently soluble in a solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Suspension routs of administration (6)

A

Oral, topical, opthalmic, otic, nasal, rectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Composition of suspension (5)

A 
Insoluble particles (API)
Liquid medium (vehicle)
Suspending agents/surfactants
Preservatives
Flavors/sweeteners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Suspension storage

A

Room temperature or refrigerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Suspension labeling (4)

A

Shake well - ALWAYS
Internal/external use
Storage
BUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

General BUD for oral suspensions at cold temperature

A

<14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

General BUD for topical suspension preperations

A

<30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thermodynamically unstable mixtures of two essentially immiscible liquids with an emulsifying agent to hold them together

A

Emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Emulsions consist of (3)

A

Dispersed phase: internal phase
Dispersion medium: external phase
Emulsifying agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oil-in-water emulsion phase distinctions (o/w)

A 
Dispersed phase (internal) = oil
Dispersion medium (external) = water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

O/W emulsion characteristics of product (5)

A

Internal or external use, soluble in water, water washable, non-occlusive, non-greasy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Water-in-oil emulsion phase distinctions (w/o)

A 
Dispersed phase (internal) = water
Dispersion medium (external) = oil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

W/O emulsion characteristics of product (5)

A

External use only, insoluble in water, not water washable, occlusive, greasy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

External use emulsion examples (2)

A

Cream, lotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Three components of emulsions

A

Lipid phase
Aqueous phase
Emulsifier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Example of emulsifiers (4)

A

Acacia
Agar
Pectin
Gelatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ratios of oil:water:emulsifier in Wet Gum (English) and Dry Gum (Continental) methods of emulsions

A

2-4 : 2 : 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Difference in preparation of Wet Gum vs. Dry Gum methods

A

Wet gum:

  1. Add emulsifier
  2. Add WATER and triturate until uniform
  3. Add OIL in small quantities and triturate
  4. Triturate until creamy, white, and crackling sound occurs
    * Typically more stable*

Dry Gum:

  1. Add emulsifier (gum)
  2. Add OIL and triturate until uniform
  3. Add WATER all at once and rapidly triturate
  4. Triturate until creamy white and crackling sound occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

API of a w/o emulsion base

A

API is typically oil or insoluble powder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

API of a o/w emulsion base

A

API is typically an aqueous solution or insoluble powder

31
Q

Three functions of topical pharmaceuticals

A
  1. Protect injured area, permit skin to rejuvenate
  2. Provide skin with hydration
  3. Deliver medication to the skin for a topical or systemic effect
32
Q

Drug penetration into the skin is determined by (5)

A 
Pressure applied
Surface area covered
Condition of the skin
Base used
Use of occlusive dressings
33
Q

Characteristics of ointment (4)

A
  1. Semisolid preparations
  2. Intended to be applied externally to skin or mucous membranes
  3. Soften or melt at body temperature
  4. Spread easily, not gritty
34
Q

Characteristics of paste

A
  1. Thick, stiff ointments
  2. Do not flow at body temperature; protectively coat areas
  3. Usually contain at least 20% solids
35
Q

Cream application characteristics (3)

A
  1. Applied to moist, weeping lesions
  2. “Drying effect”
  3. Fluid in lesions are miscible with external phase of creams
36
Q

Lotion application characteristics (1)

A
  1. Applied to areas where skin rubs together (example: toes, fingers, thighs, underarms)
37
Q

Ointment application characteristics (3)

A
  1. Used on dry, scaly lesions
  2. Emollient properties hydrate the skin
  3. Stay on skin longer
38
Q

Paster application characteristics (2)

A
  1. Applied to areas that require protection

2. Stay on the skin longest

39
Q

Semisolid systems consisting of suspensions that are interpenetrated by a liquid

A

Gel

40
Q

Routes of administration for gels (5)

A

Oral, topical, nasal, vaginal, rectal

41
Q

Composition of gels

A
  1. Continuous phase (usually aqueous, but can be alcoholic or oleaginous)
  2. Gelling agent (Carbopol/carbomer, bentonite, methylcellulose)
42
Q

Helps to thicken the gel (triethanolamine/trolamine, sodium hydroxide, potassium, hydroxide)

A

Neutralizer

43
Q

What must the carbomer be run through?

A

Simple sieve

44
Q

Steps for adding carbomer to continuous phase of gel (3)

A
  1. Slowly add to continuous phase while stirring to avoid clumping
  2. After all is added, stir rapidly
  3. Once all is incorporated, stir steadily for 10-15 minutes at a reduced speed to avoid entrapment of excess air
45
Q

Allow pharmacists to prepare small-scale amounts to meet individual patient needs

A

Capsules

46
Q

Dissolve slowly in the mouth or can easily be chewed or swallowed

A

Troche

47
Q

Usually aqueous, may contain other co-solvents, like alcohols

A

Topical solutions

48
Q

Solid particles of API are dispersed in a sweetened, flavored, and sometimes viscous vehicle

A

Oral suspension

49
Q

Reasons for viscous vehicle in oral suspensions (2)

A
  1. Helps keep particles separated

2. More liquidy vehicle would lead to caking

50
Q

Dissolve slowly in mouth or can be easily chewed or swallowed

A

Lozenge/Troche

51
Q

Thick, stiff ointments that do NOT flow at body temperature; intended to protectively coat areas to allow it to heal; usually contain

A

Paste

52
Q

Thermodynamically unstable mixtures of 2 immiscible liquids with an emulsifying agent to hold them together (takes on the characteristics of the external phase)

A

Emulsion

53
Q

Liquid preparation containing one or more drug substances molecularly dispersed in a suitable solvent (homogenous)

A

Solution

54
Q

Clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions that are usually flavored; usually insoluble in water alone, but soluble in water/alcohol mixtures

A

Elixirs

55
Q

2-phased system consisting of finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gas

A

Suspension

56
Q

Semisolid systems consisting of suspensions that are interpenetrated by a liquid

A

Gels

57
Q

Semisolid preparation intended to be applied externally to skin or mucous membrane; softens or melts at body temperature and is spread easily, not gritty

A

Ointment

58
Q

Applied to moist, weeping lesions; fluid in lesions are miscible with external phase creating a “drying effect”

A

Creams

59
Q

Applied to areas that require protection and stay on the skin the longest

A

Pastes

60
Q

Used on dry, scaly lesions; emollient properties hydrate skin and allow it to stay on skin longer

A

Ointments

61
Q

Applied to areas where skin rubs together

A

Lotions

62
Q

Slow, uniform, dissolution

A

Hard lozenges

63
Q

May be more appropriate for patient when solids can’t be swallowed or strengths need to be tailored

A

Solution

64
Q

Appropriate when drugs are not sufficiently soluble in solvent

A

Suspension

65
Q

Used when two immiscible liquids must be dispensed in the same preparation

A

Emulsions

66
Q

Energy must be put in to mix

A

Emulsions

67
Q

Topical pharmaceuticals

A

Ointments/Pastes

68
Q

Three functions of topical pharmaceuticals

A
  1. Protect injured area
  2. Provide skin with hydration
  3. Deliver medication to skin for a topical or systemic effect
69
Q

Appropriate when patient can’t swallow solid oral dosage form and the medications is designed for slow release

A

Lozenge

70
Q

O/W emulsion dispersed phase and dispersion medium

A

Dispersed=oil

Dispersion=water

71
Q

Where to use O/W emulsion

A

Internal or external

72
Q

W/O emulsion dispersed phase and dispersion medium

A

Dispersed=water

Dispersion=oil

73
Q

Where to use W/O emulsion

A

Topical

74
Q

Opaque, soft solids/thick liquids that consist of meds that are dissolved or suspended; can be either type of emulsion, but most commonly found O/W

A

Creams

Skills Lab (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions