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Fundamentals of TV Production > Final Exam - Written > Flashcards

Final Exam - Written Flashcards

0
Q

5 steps of pre-production

A
  1. Brainstorming
  2. Story Development
  3. Idea Evaluation
  4. Writing Program Proposal
  5. Writing Script
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1
Q

3 types of production

A

Pre-production
Production
Post-production

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2
Q

Story development includes…

A

Identify your target audience
- demographics
- psychograpics
Developing a storyline

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3
Q

Demographics

A 
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Education
Income level
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4
Q

Psychographics

A

Consumer buying habits
Values
Lifestyle

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5
Q

Writing program proposal includes

A

Treatment
Specific production info (crew list, set design, production method)
Budget

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6
Q

Production

A

Studio production

Field production

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7
Q

Field production

A

Electronic News Gathering (ENG)

Electronic Field Production (EFP)

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8
Q

Electronic News Gathering

A

Simply “gathering” news content
Relatively simple to record (doesn’t need additional video recorder)
Usually accomplished with one camera and a field reporter

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9
Q

Electronic Field Production

A

Typical of remote productions using production trucks
More than one camera
Comes with a switcher, several monitors and sets of cable
Includes some “production” elements, rather than just “gathering” elements

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10
Q

Postproduction is…

A

Editing

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11
Q

2 types of editing

A

Non-linear editing allows random access to shots and sequences and easy rearrangement
Linear editing: analog editing that uses tape-based system and selctin of shots is nonrandom

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12
Q

Non-linear editing:

A

Does not use video tape (transferred to hard drive)
High quality
Software: Final Cut Pro or Adobe Premier

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13
Q

Linear editing:

A

Tape-to-tape system (source and recorder)

Low quality

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14
Q

Treatment

A

A summary
Should cover the essence of production, or in the case of a dramatic production, the basic storyline
Anyone reading a treament should be able to get a clear idea of the entire production

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15
Q

Dramatic treatment

A

It is required to include the location and talent, as well as the key scenes

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16
Q

Non-dramatic treatment

A

Program proposal (basic production needs and approximate times of the segments are included)

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17
Q

Treatment format

A
  1. Program title
  2. Program format
  3. Program objective
  4. Target audience
  5. Program description
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18
Q

Program description of treatment should include…

A

A brief narrative description of the program
What the proposed show is all about as well as the story angle
DO NOT include production specifics (e.g., type of lightings or camera angles)
Make it interesting

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19
Q

Script

A

A/V split column script: include production and post-production info

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20
Q

Script should include…

A 
Shot size
Action
Sound effect
Narration
Music
Editing Effect (e.g., fade in/out, dissolve)
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21
Q

Camera shot size: LS/FS

A

Long Shot or Full Shot is a shot from the top of the head to the feat

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22
Q

Camera shot size: MS

A

Medium Shot is normally a shot from the waist up

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23
Q

Camera shot size: MCU

A

Medium Close-Up is a shot that includes the head and shoulders

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24
Q

Camera shot size: CU

A

Close-Up is the most desirable for interviews, as the changing facial expressions can easily be seen

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25
Q

Camera shot size: XCU

A

Extreme Close-Ups are reserved for dramatic impact and may show just the eyes of an individual (shot is for critical focus)

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26
Q

Camera shot size: 2-S or 3-S

A

Two-Shot or Three-Shot designates a shot of two or three people in one scene

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27
Q

Camera shot size: WS

A

Wide Shot (as well as 2-S or 3-S) are often used for an establishing shot (good for starting the show)

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28
Q

Abbreviations: EXT or INT

A

Exterior and Interior settings

29
Q

Abbreviations: VO

A

Voice Over is a narration heard at a higher volume than music or background sound

30
Q

Abbreviations: MIC

A

Microphone

31
Q

Abbreviations: POV

A

Point Of View in dramatic scripts may indicate that a shot will be seen from the point of view of a particular actor

32
Q

Abbreviations: OS

A

Over the Shoulder shows the back of a person’s head and possibly one shoulder with the main person in the distance facing the camera

33
Q

Camera movement: Panning

A

Moving camera horizontally (Pan left or Pan right)

34
Q

Camera movement: Tilting

A

Moving camera vertically (Tilt up or Tilt down)

35
Q

Camera movement: Trucking

A

Sideways travel shot with the entire camera and tripod being moved right or left

36
Q

Camera movement: Dollying

A

Moving the camera forward or backward in a scene (Dolly in or Dolly out)

37
Q

Camera movement: Zoom (ZI or ZO)

A

Optical version of Dolly

38
Q

Cross shooting

A

Multiple camera production rule:

  • C1: 2-S or WS
  • C2: Host
  • C3: Guest
39
Q

Rule of Thirds

A
  1. Imagine you break an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so that you have 9 parts
  2. Place the important compositional elements along these lines or their intersections
40
Q

Line of Action (180 Degree Rule)

A

Camera needs to be on one side of line

Do not cross line of action

41
Q

Smooth transition for video and audio

A

(Video transition; switcher) start the video with fade in and end with fade out to black + credits rolling

(Audio transition; audio console) start the audio with fade up music and end with fade out music

42
Q

White balance

A

The process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your video

43
Q

TV Genres

A 
Movie/drama/documentary
Sitcom
Music video
Game show
Talk show
Variety show
Commercial/PSA (Public Service Announcement)
44
Q

Control room facilities

A 
Switcher
Sound control equipment (audio console)
Camera Control Unit (CCU)
Preview monitors
One or more VTRs
45
Q

Studio facilities

A 
Two or more studio cameras (with telepromter)
Monitor
Lights
Microphones
Set (optional)
46
Q

Microphones

A

Field: mics are build on cameras
Lavalier: studio, talk shows
Hand mics: field, interview
Boom, or long-distance (fish-pole: field, movie or drama

47
Q

Switcher

A

Perform basic transition between two video sources (camera 1 to camera 2)
Create special effects (e.g., fade out/dissolve or split screens)
Not for recording

48
Q

Sound control equipment

A

Control the volume and quality of sound
Mix two or more incoming sounds together
Faders (volume controls) for fading sound up or out

49
Q

Camera Control Unit (CCU)

A

For color balancing
Adjust overall color tones and creative good color
White balance

50
Q

2 types of Illumination

A

Directional (hard light)

Diffused (soft light)

51
Q

Directional (hard light)

A

Sharp beam/harsh shadow

Illuminates a precise area (e.g., flashlight or car head lights)

52
Q

Diffused (soft light)

A

Wide, indistinct beam/soft, translurent shadow

Illuminates a relatively large area (e.g., floodlight or fluorescent lamps in a department store)

53
Q

Three-Point Lighting

A

The standard lighting technique used in video

54
Q

Three-Point Lighting includes…

A

Key light: main light used on your subject
Fill light: fill in the shadows created by the key light
Back light: separates the subject from background

55
Q

Personell

A

Above-the-line: refers to people who guide, influence and add to the creative direction

Below-the-line: refers to people who perform the physical production of a given show and the post-production work

56
Q

Above-the-line jobs

A

Director
Producer
Scriptwriter
Actors

57
Q

Below-the-line jobs

A 
Assistant director
Floor director
Technical director
Camera operator 
Editor
58
Q

Editing

A

Process to tell a story by arranging shots

Continuity

59
Q

Split edit

A

Audio and video edited independently

60
Q

B-roll

A

Supplemental or alternate footage that intercuts the main shot

61
Q

Types of shot: Jump cut

A

A cut in film editing where the middle section of a continiuos shot is removed

62
Q

Types of shot: Cutaway

A

Shot that is usually something other than the current action

63
Q

Types of shot: Cut-in

A

Like a cutaway, but specifically refers to showing some part of the subject in detail

64
Q

Video transition: Fade In/Fade Out

A

Commonly used at the beginning or ending of the show or commercials

65
Q

Video transition: Cut

A

Shot by shot (e.g., talk show)

66
Q

Video transition: Dissolve

A

Smooth transition (different shot and different location)

67
Q

Video transition: Superimposition

A

Two sources of video show at the same time (thoughts, dreams or imagination)

68
Q

Video transition: Wipe

A

One shot replaced the other by travelling from one side of the frame to another

69
Q

Video transition: Split screen

A

Two shots at the same time (telephone conversation or before/after comparison)

70
Q

Video transition: Chroma key

A

Special effect that uses a specific color (chroma), usually blue or green, as the backdrop for a person or an object that is to appear in front of the background

Fundamentals of TV Production (1 decks)

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