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Biology > Final Exam-Whitley, Biology-No Pictures > Flashcards

Final Exam-Whitley, Biology-No Pictures Flashcards

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1
Q

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology explains genetic information can be maintained through…

A

Transcription -> Translation -> Protein

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2
Q

A bacterium has performed the process of binary fission. What kind of reproduction is binary fission?

A

Asexual

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3
Q

Which generation is represented inside the Punnet square?

A

F2 Generation

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4
Q

The main purpose of the Human Genome Project was to…

A

Determine the entire sequence of human DNA

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5
Q

Carbon mainly cycles between the biotic and abiotic factors by…

A

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

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6
Q

What is the independent variable in the experiment above? (picture not included)

A

The number of snails in each test tube

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7
Q

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGCAUGA

A

Methionine-Proline-Alanine-Stop

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8
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

A

Synthesis (S)

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9
Q

What makes this process semiconservative? (picture not included)

A

Half of the original DNA is maintained in each new daughter DNA strand

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10
Q

How was the peptide bond between the amino acids, Alanine and Serine, formed?

A

Dehydration Synthesis

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11
Q

The carbon reservoir most affect, as a direct result of human activity, is the…

A

Deep Ocean

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12
Q

What phase of mitosis would be seen after picture A? (picture not included)

A

Picture E

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13
Q

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

A

Prophase 1

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14
Q

What is the list of taxonomic categories in the correct order from most inclusive to least inclusive?

A

Class, order, family, genus, species

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15
Q

What is the correct sequence for plant cell mitosis? (picture not included)

A

B-A-D-C

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16
Q

On the cladogram above, which animals have hair? (picture not included)

A

Primates, rodents, and rabbits

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17
Q

An example of a mutation where a piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome is called ___.

A

Translocation

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18
Q

In the trp operon model, the genes within the operon will be expressed if…

A

Tryptophan is absent

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19
Q

What would have happened if Oswald Avery added an enzyme that digested all the nucleic acids to the mixture of heat-killed bacteria, then added the mixture to harmless bacteria and injected the mixture into mice?

A

The harmless bacteria would NOT have been transformed, and the mice would have lived

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20
Q

Cladograms are constructed by grouping together organisms based on their ______ characteristics.

A

Shared

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21
Q

Based on the karyotype above, which of the following is true? (picture not included)

A

The karyotype shows a male with trisomy 21, Down Syndrome

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22
Q

What is the purpose of Structure D? (picture not included)

A

To unzip the DNA strands

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23
Q

What is the “dangerous point of overuse” referred to in the passage above? (passage was not included)

A

Antibiotic resistance because of antibiotic overuse

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24
Q

An early biological theory stated that a change in a population can occur when organisms with favorable variations for a particular environment survive and pass these variations on to the next generation. This theory is better known as __________.

A

Natural Selection

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25
Q

In urban areas, water can contain high levels of phosphorus due to the use of agents such as fertilizers. What is a possible negative effect of excess phosphorus in the water?

A

Higher rates of dead fish

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26
Q

Four suspects were accused of being present at the scene of a crime. A sample of blood was taken from under the nails of the victim. According to gel electrophoresis results, which suspect was present at the scene of the crime? (picture not included)

A

John

27
Q

Based on the pedigree which of the following is true? (picture not included)

A

If individual III-1 marries an unaffected, non-carrier female, none of their offspring will have DMD

28
Q

Who is the “father of genetics”?

A

Gregor Mendel

29
Q

Which structure is the enzyme DNA polymerase? (picture not included)

A

A and C

30
Q

When a group of foxes move to a new environment, which change is least likely to be a selective pressure on the foxes?

A

Decomposers

31
Q

The brown anole (Anolis sagrei) is a type of lizard that is native to islands in the Caribbean Sea. These lizards can live in a variety of habitats. Ground-dwelling populations of brown anoles live on lower parts of tree trunks and on the ground. These populations have long legs that help with jumping. Other anole lizard populations live higher up on tree trunks. These populations have short legs that help with perching. Curly-tailed lizards (Leiocephalus carinatus) are predators of the brown anole lizard. A group of researchers introduced these predatory lizards into the habitat of certain ground-dwelling brown anoles. To avoid these predators, many individuals from the ground-dwelling populations of brown anoles began to move higher into trees. Which of the following is the best prediction for what will happen over time to the populations of ground-dwelling brown anoles in areas where curly-tailed lizards were introduced?

A

Over many generations, the brown anole populations will likely develop shorter legs as they adapt to living higher in trees

32
Q

What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring?

A

Heredity

33
Q

What is the control group in the experiment above? (picture not included)

A

Test Tube 1: Only Bromothymol Blue (BTB) Solution

34
Q

Mrs. Henrietta Lack’s cells were the first immortal cell line, called HeLa, that came from the ______ cells of her cervix in 1951. Today, using Mrs. Lack’s cells in research without her consent would be a violation of ______.

A

Cancer;bioethics

35
Q

What law states that a recessive trait’s phenotype will only appear when a purebred recessive genotype is created?

A

Law of Dominance

36
Q

The science of classifying and naming living organisms is __________.

A

Taxonomy

37
Q

What is the advantage of using a binomial system to name species?

A

It lets scientists accurately identify individual species

38
Q

When is a dihybrid cross used in a study?

A

To compare two traits

39
Q

The lac operon consists of all the following EXCEPT

A

Regulatory gene

40
Q

Which two phases of mitosis is picture B? (picture not included)

A

Telophase & Cytokinesis

41
Q

What is the genotypic ratio? (picture not included)

A

1TT : 2Tt : 1tt

42
Q

What term is given by scientists to an organism that eats mice, frogs, turtles, grass, and deer?

A

Omnivore

43
Q

One biome is different from another by its types and amounts of __________.

A

Sunlight, rainfall, temperature, and species

44
Q

In which picture are the spindle fibers connecting to kinetochores at the centromere to align the chromosomes on the cell’s equator? (picture not included)

A

Picture A

45
Q

What is happening in picture D? (picture not included)

A

A cell plate is forming on the equator and growing outward to the edges of the cell creating a new plasma membrane and cell wall for the daughter cells

46
Q

According to Chargaff’s rule, the percentage of adenine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of which other molecule?

A

Thymine molecules in DNA is about equal to the percentage of adenine molecules

47
Q

Why do daughter cells have properties like the parent cell after cell division?

A

DNA is replicated before cell division

48
Q

In 1928, Dr. Frederick Griffith studied ________ and he observed that R-strained bacteria had been changed by the heat-killed S-strained bacteria by ________?

A

Strepococcus pneumoniae; transformaiton

49
Q

Which macromolecule contains phosphorus?

A

Nucleic acids

50
Q

How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA?

A

She produced images of DNA molecules using x-ray crystallography

51
Q

What conclusion can you draw from the BTB indicator changing from blue to green without any snails in the solution? (picture not included)

A

The Elodea plant also performs cellular respiration

52
Q

Average temperature and rainfall are examples of __________.

A

Abiotic Factors

53
Q

When should antibiotics be prescribed by a doctor?

A

For a bacterial infection

54
Q

Watson and Crick discovered that the two strands in DNA…

A

Run in opposite directions

55
Q

What is the genotype for square B? (picture not included)

A

Hybrid

56
Q

A population of mice is evenly divided into two groups, and each group is placed on an isolated island with no existing mouse population. Which statement best explains the difference in the mouse populations on Island A and Island B at the end of the 20 years? (picture not included)

A

Conditions on Island B favored the brown-furred individuals, while both fur colors were evenly advantaged on Island A

57
Q

A new variety of rice called golden rice has been genetically modified to contain vitamin A. People in starving countries can eat this rice and receive the vitamin A. Without this rice the people would go blind from vitamin A deficiency. Which word below best describes this rice?

A

Genetically modified organism

58
Q

Review the results for Test Tube 3. If the Elodea plant was never placed into the test tube with the snail, what would the starting and ending colors of the BTB solution be? (picture not included)

A

Blue, green

59
Q

If 10,000 kcal (kilocalories) is available from foods at the producer level of an energy pyramid, how much is available for the quaternary consumer?

A

1 kcal

60
Q

What is the dependent variable in the experiment above? (picture not included)

A

The level of CO2 in each test tube

61
Q

A population is __________.

A

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

62
Q

What is the haploid number of a human’s somatic cells?

A

23

63
Q

Which of the structures identified above is the functional group (R Group)? (picture not included)

A

Structure F

Biology (1 decks)

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