Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1020 > Final Exam (Vocabulary) > Flashcards

Final Exam (Vocabulary) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

abscisic acid (ABA)

A

ABA is produced in terminal buds. This slows plant growth and directs leaf primordia to develop scales to protect the dormant buds during the cold season. ABA also inhibits the division of cells in the vascular cambium, adjusting to cold conditions in the winter by suspending primary and secondary growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

angiosperm

A

a plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel. The angiosperms are a large group and include herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses, and most trees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anther

A

the part of a stamen that contains the pollen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

apomixis

A

asexual reproduction in plants, in particular agamospermy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

auxin

A

Auxin is a plant hormone produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation. Auxin moves to the darker side of the plant, causing the cells there to grow larger than corresponding cells on the lighter side of the plant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

calluls

A

a thickened and hardened part of the skin or soft tissue, especially in an area that has been subjected to friction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

carpel

A

the female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an ovary, a stigma, and usually a style. It may occur singly or as one of a group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cation exchange

A

the number of exchangeable cations per dry weight that a soil is capable of holding, at a given pH value, and available for exchange with the soil water solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

crop rotation

A

used to control pests and diseases that can become established in the soil over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cytokinin

A

a class of plant growth substances (phytohormones) that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

de-etiolation

A

a series of physiological and biochemical changes a plant shoot undergoes in response to sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

double fertilization

A

This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte (megagametophyte, also called the embryo sac) with two male gametes (sperm).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

endophytes

A

An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endosperm

A

the part of a seed that acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo, usually containing starch with protein and other nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ethylene

A

Ethylene is also an important natural plant hormone, used in agriculture to force the ripening of fruits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

etiolation

A

a process in flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light. It is characterized by long, weak stems; smaller leaves due to longer internodes; and a pale yellow color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fertilization

A

the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fragmentation

A

Fragmentation or clonal fragmentation in multi cellular or colonial organisms is a form of asexual reproduction or cloning in which an organism is split into fragments. Each of these fragments develop into mature, fully grown individuals that are clones of the original organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fruit

A

the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants formed from the ovary after flowering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

gametophyte

A

the gamete-producing and usually haploid phase, producing the zygote from which the sporophyte arises. It is the dominant form in bryophytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gibberellin

A

plant hormones that regulate growth and influence various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, sex expression, enzyme induction, and leaf and fruit senescence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

GMO plant

A

are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

gravitropism

A

is a turning or growth movement by a plant or fungus in response to gravity. It is a general feature of all higher and many lower plants as well as other organisms.

24
Q

humus

A

the organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms.

25
Q

inflorescence

A

the complete flower head of a plant including stems, stalks, bracts, and flowers.
the arrangement of the flowers on a plant.
the process of flowering.

26
Q

leaf abscission

A

is the shedding of various parts of an organism, such as a plant dropping a leaf, fruit, flower, or seed.

27
Q

legume

A

is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae). Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for their grain seed called pulse, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure.

28
Q

loam

A

a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus.

29
Q

mycorrhizae

A

a fungus that grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship.

30
Q

ovary

A

Ovary, in botany, enlarged basal portion of the pistil, the female organ of a flower. The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds upon fertilization.

31
Q

ovule

A

the part of the ovary of seed plants that contains the female germ cell and after fertilization becomes the seed.

32
Q

PAMPS

A

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or PAMPs, are molecules associated with groups of pathogens, that are recognized by cells of the innate immune system. These molecules can be referred to as small molecular motifs conserved within a class of microbes.

33
Q

photoperiodism

A

the response of an organism to seasonal changes in day length.

34
Q

phototropism

A

the growth of an organism which responds to a light stimulus. It is most often observed in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi. The cells on the plant that are farthest from the light have a chemical called auxin that reacts when phototropism occurs.

35
Q

phytocrome

A

a blue-green pigment found in many plants, in which it regulates various developmental processes.

36
Q

pistil

A

the female organs of a flower, comprising the stigma, style, and ovary.

37
Q

pollen tube

A

a hollow tube that develops from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma of a flower. It penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule.

38
Q

pollination

A

Pollination is the process by which pollen is transferred to the female reproductive organs of a plant, thereby enabling fertilization to take place.

39
Q

recepactle

A

the thickened part of a stem (pedicel) from which the flower organs grow

40
Q

rhizobacteria

A

root-colonizing bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with many plants

41
Q

scion

A

A detached shoot or bud from a plant that is joined to a rootstock in grafting.

42
Q

seed

A

A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering.

43
Q

seed coat

A

The seed coat helps protect the embryo from mechanical injury, predators and drying out.

44
Q

senescence

A

the condition or process of deterioration with age.

45
Q

sepal

A

each of the parts of the calyx of a flower, enclosing the petals and typically green and leaflike.

46
Q

soil solution

A

water with dissolved gases, minerals, and organic matter that reaches the soil after passing through the atmosphere and percolating through the soil horizons. The solution may be in a film, capillary, or gravitational form, depending on the moisture content of the soil.

47
Q

sporophyte

A

the asexual and usually diploid phase, producing spores from which the gametophyte arises. It is the dominant form in vascular plants, e.g., the frond of a fern.

48
Q

stamen

A

the male fertilizing organ of a flower, typically consisting of a pollen-containing anther and a filament.

49
Q

stigma

A

The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached

50
Q

stock

A

The trunk or main stem of a tree or another plant

51
Q

style

A

the style is a structure found within the flower. It is a long, slender stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary.

52
Q

thigmotropism

A

the turning or bending of a plant or other organism in response to a touch stimulus.

53
Q

triple response

A

The triple response of Lewis is a cutaneous response that occurs from firm stroking of the skin, which produces an initial red line, followed by a flare around that line, and then finally a wheal.

54
Q

vegetative reproduction

A

Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction of a plant. Only one plant is involved and the offspring is the result of one parent.

55
Q

vernalization

A

the cooling of seed during germination in order to accelerate flowering when it is planted.

56
Q

Three F’s

A

“three Fs”: f lowers, double fertilization, and f ruits

Biology 1020 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions