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General Psychology > final exam vocab 2 > Flashcards

final exam vocab 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

focuses on understanding the mental processes by which people gain knowledge about themselves and the world around them.

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2
Q

. Behavioral Perspective

A

-is behaviorism, the belief that environmental influences determine behavior and that psychology should restrict itself to the study of observable behavior.

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3
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective-

A

focuses on the role of unconscious motivation (inner wishes and impulses of which we are unaware) and the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality.

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4
Q

Biological Perspective-

A

focuses on the roles of genetics, brain functioning, and hormonal influences

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5
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspective

A

relates to not just the behavior that an individual engages in, but why they engage in it.

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6
Q

Humanistic Perspective,

A

believe that psychology should focus on conscious experiences, even if those experiences are subjective and cannot be directly observed and scientifically measured.

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7
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

subscribes to the view that our behavior reflects inherited predispositions or tendencies that increased the likelihood of survival of our early ancestors.

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8
Q

Trait Perspective

A

identifying, describing, and measuring the specific traits that make up human personality\

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9
Q

Social Cognitive Perspective-

A

our personalities are fluid and change over time and according to who we are around

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10
Q

Sociocultural Perspective

A

proposes that individuals will behave and even learn differently based on their culture or way of life.

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11
Q

unconditioned stimulus-

A

a stimulus that leads to an automatic response.

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12
Q

unconditioned response

A

A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response—in this case, the dog’s food

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13
Q

conditioned stimulus

A

a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response

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14
Q

Punishment

A

the infliction or imposition of a penalty as retribution for an offense.

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14
Q

conditioned response

A

an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus.

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15
Q

Reinforcement

A

presenting praise (a reinforcer) immediately after a child puts away their toys (the response).

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16
Q

Erik Erikson

A
  • was a German-American child psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings
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17
Q

Personality-

A

he combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character.

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18
Q

Hardy Personality

A

conceptualized as a personality characteristic which encompasses three component traits (commitment, challenge and control), and acts as a resistance resource mitigating the adverse effects of stressful life events

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19
Q

personality inventories

A

are widely used measures of personality in which a person’s response options are limited so as to make scoring them objective.

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20
Q

Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Stages of Development-

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, anthe quality of being logically or factually sound; soundness or cogency.d genital

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21
Q

defense mechanism

A

that protects the self from awareness of threatening material, such as unacceptable sexual or aggressive wishes or impulses.

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22
Q

reciprocal determinism-

A

holds that cognitions, behaviors, and environmental factors mutually influence each other.

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23
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

is a school of thought that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole.

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24
Q

unconditioned positive regard

A

expressing empathy, support, and acceptance to someone, regardless of what they say or do

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25
Q

confirmation bias

A

the representativeness heuristic, and the availability heuristic are examples of biases in thinking that can lead us to make bad decisions.

26
Q

Reliability-

A

the test–retest method. With this method, the subject takes the same test again after a short interval.

27
Q

Validity-

A

the quality of being logically or factually sound; soundness or cogency.

28
Q

s factor-

A
  • linked to the specific ability.
29
Q

g factor

A

linked to the general ability,

30
Q

Creativity

A

the ability to produce or develop original work, theories, techniques, or thoughts.

31
Q

Intelligence

A
  • is correlated with academic achievement, not everyone with a high score on intelligence tests succeeds in school.
32
Q

Intelligence Quotient

A

a number representing a person’s reasoning ability (measured using problem-solving tests) as compared to the statistical norm or average for their age, taken as 100.

33
Q

language

A

the study of the interrelation between linguistic factors and psychological aspects.

34
Q

child directed speech-

A

is the way a person’s linguistic characteristics alter when speaking to an infant or toddler

34
Q

Grammar

A

is the study of rules governing the use of language

35
Q

Phonemes

A

The basic units of sound in a spoken language

36
Q

Morphemes-

A

The smallest units of meaning in a language

37
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

A type of personality disorder characterized by callous attitudes toward others and by antisocial and irresponsible behavior.

38
Q

major depressive disorder-

A

he most common type of depressive disorder, characterized by periods of downcast mood, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in pleasurable activities.

39
Q

Phobias

A

personalities and behavior, including abnormal behaviors like excessive fears

40
Q

bi-polar disorder-

A

is a mental illness that causes unusual shifts in a person’s mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration.

41
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A

intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings related to their experience that last long after the traumatic event has ended

42
Q

MMPI

A

is scored by converting raw scores (number of items scored in the same direction as the diagnostic group) into standard scores,

43
Q

DSM-5

A

a reference book on mental health and brain-related conditions and disorders.

44
Q

abnormal behavior

A

is any behavior that deviates from what is considered normal.

45
Q

panic attack-

A

is a sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions when there is no real danger or apparent cause

46
Q

Phobia

A

is an overwhelming and debilitating fear of an object, place, situation, feeling or animal

47
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

are mental health conditions that involve experiencing a loss of connection between thoughts, memories, feelings, surroundings, behavior and identity.

48
Q

Depersonalization Disorder.

A

is a mental health condition where you feel disconnected from your body, your feelings and your environment

49
Q

persecution delusion

A

are persistent, troubling, false beliefs that one is about to be harmed or mistreated by others in some way.

50
Q

binge eating disorder

A
  • preoccupation with eating, food or body shape or weight
51
Q

ssri

A

a widely used type of antidepressant.

52
Q

Agoraphobia

A

a type of anxiety disorder

53
Q

Schizophrenia-

A

is a serious mental illness characterized by incoherent or illogical thoughts, bizarre behavior and speech, and delusions or hallucinations, such as hearing voices.

54
Q

flat affect

A

is a severely restricted or nonexistent expression of emotion.

55
Q

Catatonic

A

is a disorder that disrupts a person’s awareness of the world around them.

56
Q

Psychopathology,

A

refers to the study of mental disorders in terms of their causes, development, course, classification, and treatment.

57
Q

nervous system

A

is involved in preparing the body for stress-related activities; the parasympathetic nervous system is associated with returning the body to routine, day-to-day operations.

58
Q

Memory

A

refers to the continued process of information retention over time. It is an integral part of human cognition,

59
Q

information-processing model-

A

our memory works like a computer

60
Q

nondeclarative (implicit) memory

A
  • is also sometimes referred to as nondeclarative memory since you are not able to consciously bring it into awareness
61
Q

functional fixedness-

A

is a cognitive bias that negatively affects a person’s ability to problem-solve and innovate.

General Psychology (1 decks)

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