Final Exam Vocab

Question 1

Anthropocentrism

Answer 1

Putting humankind at the centre of the universe through either religious or scintific worldviews.

Question 2

Nature/Culture Dualism

Answer 2

The binary opposition that divides humans from the rest of existence; it can take a variety of related forms, such as non-human/human, body/mind, and object/subject.

Question 3

Emotional Labour

Answer 3

The management, evocation, and potential commodification of particular forms of emotional expression or suppression of other forms of emotional expression in order to satisfy the feeling rules of a particular social role, job, or relationship.

Question 4

Feeling Rules

Answer 4

Affective rules that define and govern appropriate and inappropriate feeling in various circumstances, which may be at odds with other socially created or personal internalized feelings.

Question 5

Gender Policing

Answer 5

Practices that pressure, discipline, or penalize people to make them conform to specific standards of masculinity or femininity.

Question 6

Male Breadwinner Model

Answer 6

A view that separates home and work along rigid gender lines, whereby men do paid work and women do care work, which reinforces a nuclear family model (household includes only a husband, wife, and their biological children).

Question 7

Inequality

Answer 7

Refers to unequal rewards and opportunities. Where are there inequalities, how are inequalities created, and how can we solve inequalities?

Question 8

Difference

Answer 8

Distinctions between the individuals’ or groups’ social experiences. Men and women are different- they are not unequal, but different.

Question 9

Governance

Answer 9

Includes all the different ways in which people are encouraged to behave in certain ways (and not in others).

Question 10

Ideological Domination

Answer 10

Ways of thinking and governing that preserve a society’s power structure to the disadvantage of those who are ruled.

Question 11

Codification

Answer 11

A process by which the experiential, shared cultural voice of an emerging group is transformed into an official, dominant discourse, such that the original demands are reframed and now make sense differently.

Question 12

Ethnomethodology

Answer 12

An alternate sociological theory/methodology that examines the tacit, taken for granted practices that constitute everyday life.

Question 13

Fictive Kin Relationships

Answer 13

People chosen to be family members that are not legally or biologically related.

Question 14

Oppression

Answer 14

A relationship of dominance and subordination between categories of people in which one benefits from the systematic abuse, exploitation, and injustice directed toward the other.

Question 15

Neo-Liberalism

Answer 15

A social, political, and economic regulatory system that is characterized by (among other things) the freedom of the market, privatizing government services, and shifting responsibility from government to individuals.

Question 16

Media Effects

Answer 16

The various ways individuals or groups can be influenced by media content.

Question 17

Collective Conscience

Answer 17

A society’s shared morality.

Question 18

Gender

Answer 18

Refers to the socially acceptable behaviours and actions of each gender. Considered to be changeable.

Question 19

Sex

Answer 19

Anatomical differences and hormones. These differences are considered to be natural, unchanging, and immutable. Assumed that sex can be distinguishable biologically.

Question 20

Emphasized Femininity

Answer 20

An exaggerated form of femininity, an idea that women must conform to the needs and desires of men. Female compliance of gender inequality.

Question 21

Cult of Victory

Answer 21

Athletics for the sake of, and with the sole purpose of winning. Recognized by Coubertin as a “dangerous canker”.

Question 22

Social Welfare

Answer 22

Governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need.

Question 23

Experiential Knowledge

Answer 23

Knowledge gained through experience.

Question 24

Mad Movement

Answer 24

Groups of psychiatric survivors/consumers who fight against the oppressive techniques used by the mental health system. Known for Mad Pride events.

Question 25

Political Ecology

Answer 25

A perspective, based on the classical sociology of Marx, on how capitalist economic and political structures transform ecological material into private profit.

Question 26

Citizenship

Answer 26

A type of identity within a defined territory that is usually deemed ‘good’ and is typically distinguished from outsider identities that are typically considered to be lacking in some way.

Question 27

Colonialism

Answer 27

Historical and enduring processes (i.e., residential schools, the reserve system, and outlawing of traditions) of subordinating indigenous cultural norms to Euro-Canadian ways of being.

Question 28

Treaty

Answer 28

An agreement between two independant powers, each recognizing the autonomy of the other. Agreement that creates shared responsibilities other than power.

Question 29

Nation

Answer 29

A population defined by a common culture, language, and/or ethnicity.

Question 30

Sovereignty

Answer 30

Most common definition applies to states able to exert independent rule within a given geographic territory. In practice, remains the most common form of political power.