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social studies 10 > final exam vocab > Flashcards

final exam vocab Flashcards

1
Q

accommodation

A

allows religious or ethnic groups to maintain their distinctive cultures within mainstream society

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2
Q

adam smith

A

father of capitalism

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3
Q

accumulate

A

gain a increasing amount of something

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4
Q

artifacts

A

an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest

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5
Q

acculture

A

change as a result of contact with other cultural groups

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6
Q

adaption

A

the action or process of adapting or being adapted

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7
Q

anti-globalization

A

perspective of individuals and groups opposed to global trade agreements and their negative consequences for people in less developed countries, for the environment, and for peace

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8
Q

affirm

A

to state or assert positively; maintain as true

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9
Q

ancestral

A

of, belonging to, inherited from, or denoting an ancestor or ancestors

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10
Q

anglophone

A

english-speaking

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11
Q

assimilation

A

the absorption of a minority group by a dominant group

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12
Q

abundant

A

existing or available in large quantities; plentiful

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13
Q

atlantic slave trade

A

atlantic slave trade was the selling of african slaves by europeans that happened in and around the ttlantic ocean; lasted from the 15th century to the 19th century, most slaves were brought over on a slave ship.

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14
Q

americanization

A

the action of making a person or thing american in character or nationality

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15
Q

act

A

an instrument that records a fact or something that has been said, done, or agreed

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16
Q

apartheid

A

a policy of the south african government from 1948 to 1990 that denied rights to non-white citizens

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17
Q

apartheid movement

A

racial seggreation in south africa

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18
Q

aptn (aboriginal people’s television network)

A

aboriginal canadian television network that produces programming by and for aboriginal peooples

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19
Q

bias

A

an inclination that makes it hard to judge fairly

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20
Q

bilingualism

A

ability to speak more than one language

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21
Q

bio waste

A

any material that contains or has been contaminated by a biohazardous agent

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22
Q

bretton woods agreement

A

an agreement forged after the second world ware in bretton woods, new hempshire, by 44 countries to establish a system of rules, institutions, and procedures for the postwar global economy

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23
Q

belgian congo

A

a belgian colony in central africa from 1908 until independence in 1960

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24
Q

berlin conference

A

made rules for european colonization and trade in africa

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25
Q

boycott

A

a consumer’s refusal to purchase goods or services from a company because of disagreement with its corporate policies

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26
Q

border wars

A

a disagreement between countries about where the border between them should be drawn

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27
Q

can con (canadian content)

A

the amount of canadian participation in canada’s broadcasting industry in such areas as direction, writing, performance, cinematography, music composition, and so on

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28
Q

compensation

A

something, typically money, awarded to someone as a recompense for loss, injury, or suffering

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29
Q

culture

A

the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group

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30
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system for increasing individual wealth, requiring a relatively free market, open competition, the profit motive, and at least some private ownership of the means of production

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31
Q

consumerism (consumer)

A

a person who purchases goods and services for personal use

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32
Q

cottage industry

A

domestic system, also called putting-out system, production system widespread in 17th-century western europe in which merchant-employers “put out” materials to rural producers who usually worked in their homes but sometimes laboured in workshops or in turn put out work to others

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33
Q

corporations

A

a legal entity that’s separate from its owners; can make a profit, be taxed, and can be held legally liable

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34
Q

collective identity

A

the combination of beliefs, values, view of history, and language of a people

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35
Q

cash crops

A

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower

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36
Q

competition

A

the activity or condition of competing

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37
Q

complexity

A

the state or quality of being intricate or complicated

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38
Q

colonialism

A

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically

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39
Q

cause and effects

A

relationship in which one event (the cause) makes another event happen (the effect)

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40
Q

columbian exchange

A

the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas have been introduced from europe, asia, and africa to the americas and vice versa

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41
Q

communist

A

a planned economic system in which government owns all means of production and all people work for government-owned and government-run enterprises

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42
Q

capitalist

A

a wealthy person who uses money to invest in trade and industry for profit in accordance with the principles of capitalism

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43
Q

cultural diversity

A

the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society

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44
Q

cultural institutions

A

organization within a culture/subculture that works for the preservation or promotion of culture

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45
Q

cultural pluralism

A

a condition in which minority groups participate fully in the dominant society, yet maintain their cultural differences

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46
Q

cultural dominance

A

culture over another other, by a deliberate policy or by economic or technological superiority; cultural domination can take the form of an active, formal policy or a general attitude

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47
Q

child labour

A

the use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane

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48
Q

common currency

A

widely used and accepted

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49
Q

commercialism

A

emphasis on the maximizing of profit

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50
Q

cultural contact

A

the interaction of diverse cultures and perspectives, which may result in changes in values, beliefs, and traditions

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51
Q

cultural legislation

A

aims at the introduction of a legal framework regarding cultural rights

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52
Q

cultural revitalization

A

a process through which unique cultures regain a sense of identity, such as through promoting heritage languages or reviving traditions and customs

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53
Q

cultural conflict

A

conflict of behavior patterns and values that results when different cultures are incompletely assimilated

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54
Q

commodity

A

a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as copper or coffee

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55
Q

convergence

A

the act of converging and especially moving toward union or uniformity

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56
Q

crown corporations

A

government-owned companies within canada

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57
Q

crtc (canadian radio and television commission)

A

the public authority that regulates and promotes canadian culture in the broadcast media

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58
Q

common market

A

an agreement between or among countries that includes the free trade of goods and services and the free movement of capital and labour within the trading block

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59
Q

diversity

A

variety

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60
Q

devlopment

A

the process of developing or being developed

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61
Q

domination

A

the exercise of control or influence over someone or something, or the state of being so controlled

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62
Q

displace

A

take over the place, position, or role of (someone or something)

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63
Q

doubling time

A

the time it takes for a population to double in size/value

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64
Q

democratization

A

the introduction of a democratic system or democratic principles

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65
Q

economic

A

the dimension of life that concerns the production and exchange of goods, services, money, and resources

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66
Q

emigration

A

people moving out somewhere

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67
Q

exchange rates

A

the price at which one national currency can be purchased for another

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68
Q

exports

A

send (goods or services) to another country for sale

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69
Q

eurocentrism

A

a belief that the european world view is superior to all others

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70
Q

equal distribution

A

allowing the natural resources to be distributed equally to each section of the society rather than accumulating the resources in the hand of few persons

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71
Q

ethnocentrism

A

ethnicity, inter-ethnic relations, and similar inter-group issues are of concern; thinking one’s own group’s ways are superior to others

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72
Q

environmentalism

A

concern about and action aimed at protecting the environment

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73
Q

ethnical

A

deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people

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74
Q

environmental stewardship

A

responsible use and protection of the natural environment through conservation and sustainable practices to enhance ecosystem resilience and human well-being

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75
Q

economic globalization

A

the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital and wide and rapid spread of technologies

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76
Q

extinct

A

having no living members; no longer in existence

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77
Q

european union

A

the world’s largest and most powerful common market, which works to develop common foreign and security policies and to address other issues such as citizens’ rights, job creation, regional development, and environmental protection

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78
Q

francophone

A

french-speaking

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79
Q

fluent

A

able to express oneself easily and articulately

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80
Q

fundamental

A

forming a necessary base or core; of central importance

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81
Q

free trade (pta)

A

a preferential trade area with increased depth and scope of tariffs reduction

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82
Q

factory

A

a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine

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83
Q

free market

A

a market in which government would regulate nothing and all businesses and property would be privately owned

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84
Q

french immersion

A

form of bilingual education where students learn french

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85
Q

free market economy

A

a system in which government does not intervene (or intervenes only minimally) in the production and control of goods and services

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86
Q

free trade agreement

A

1989 economic treaty between canada and the united states that sought to promote trade by reducing tariffs and other barriers between the two countries

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87
Q

government intervention

A

regulatory action taken by government that seek to change the decisions made by individuals, groups and organizations about social and economic matters

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88
Q

global market

A

market in which goods and services of one country are traded (purchased or sold) to people of other counties

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89
Q

genetically modified organisms (gmo’s)

A

an organism that has had its dna altered or modified in some way through genetic engineering

90
Q

group of eight (g8)

A

an informal group of the eight major industrial democracies that meets at annual summits to discuss economic and foreign policies

91
Q

globalization

A

the process that is making the world’s citizens increasingly interdependent economically, socially, politically, environmentally, and technologically

92
Q

gross domestic products

A

the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a calendar year

93
Q

greenhouse gas

A

a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation

94
Q

gandi

A

most famous for his philosophy of nonviolence

95
Q

general agreement on tariffs and trade (gatt)

A

an international agreement between 1947 and 1995 that aimed to reduce trade barriers among member countries

96
Q

gold standard

A

a provision of the bretton woods agreement that all printed money, such as a paper dollar, would be convertible to gold and could be cashed in at any time for that gold

97
Q

homogenization

A

a trend toward uniformity, as with world popular culture as a result of globalization

98
Q

human rights

A

a right that is believed to belong justifiably to every person

99
Q

heritage

A

property that is or may be inherited; an inheritance

100
Q

hybridization

A

the blending of media and communications technologies resulting in new modes of expression and cross-cultural consumption

101
Q

hyphenated canadian

A

people who were born in another country but have canadian citizenships

102
Q

integration

A

the incorporation of diverse minority groups into mainstream society

103
Q

interdependence

A

the dependence of two or more people or things on each other

104
Q

identity

A

the fact of being who or what a person or thing is

105
Q

institution

A

society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose

106
Q

imposing

A

grand and impressive in appearance

107
Q

inequality

A

difference in size, degree, circumstances

108
Q

immigration

A

people moving into a country

109
Q

industrial output

A

what an industry produces, as a national total

110
Q

international

A

existing, occurring, or carried on between two or more nations

111
Q

imports

A

ring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale

112
Q

international monetary fund

A

international agency that works with the world bank to bring stability to international monetary affairs and to help expand world trade

113
Q

industrial revolution

A

the combination of social and economic changes brought about by the extensive use f machinery in production, especially in great britain in the 18 and 19th century

114
Q

isolation

A

the process or fact of isolating or being isolated

115
Q

industry

A

economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories

116
Q

inflation

A

a situation in which the amount of currency in circulation increases yet each unit of currency buys less

117
Q

industrialization

A

a stage of economic development that occurs when the place of production shifts from the home and small craft shops to large factories

118
Q

deindustrialization

A

decline in industrial activity in a region or economy; india

119
Q

indian act

A

primary law the federal government uses to administer Indian status

120
Q

imperialism

A

a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

121
Q

old imperialism

A

european imperialism before the middle of the 19th century driven mainly by trade and the desire to make money

122
Q

new imperalism

A

the extension of a nation’s influence over another

123
Q

neo imperialism

A

the practice of using economic imperialism, globalization, cultural imperialism and conditional aid to influence a developing country

124
Q

the three g’s

A

gold, god, glory

125
Q

justify

A

show or prove to be right or reasonable

126
Q

kyoto protocol

A

international agreement that came into force on february 16, 2005, intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as means to combat climate change

127
Q

kimberly accord

A

international certification scheme that regulates trade in rough diamonds

128
Q

legacy

A

left something behind

129
Q

land claims

A

seek to address wrongs made against Indigenous peoples, their rights and lands, by the federal and provincial or territorial governments

130
Q

labour day

A

a public holiday or day of festivities held in honor of working people

131
Q

labour law

A

a law relating to the rights and responsibilities of workers

132
Q

literacy rates

A

the percentage of the population of a given age group that can read and write

133
Q

latin america

A

entire continent of south america

134
Q

les a faire

A

leave it alone

135
Q

luxury goods

A

goods for which demand increases more than what is proportional as income rises

136
Q

landlock

A

area with no surrounding oceans

137
Q

marginalization

A

the pushing of a group to the “margins” of society, where they hold little social, political, or economic power

138
Q

mercantilism

A

from the 16th to the 19th centuries, a system of government-sponsored international business ventures designed to make european monarchs rich

139
Q

metis

A

person of mixed indigenous and euro-american ancestry

140
Q

modern

A

relating to the present or recent times

141
Q

mass production

A

manufacturing of large quantities of standardized products

142
Q

media convergence

A

mergers of media transnationals that result in a concentration of ownership

143
Q

migration

A

movement from one part of something to another

144
Q

minorities

A

discuss minority groups in international and national politics

145
Q

manufactured

A

produced on a large scale using machinery

146
Q

minimum wage

A

the lowest wage permitted by law or by a special agreement (such as one with a labor union)

147
Q

multiculturalism

A

the presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society

148
Q

monoculture

A

the uniform global popular culture that results from globalization

149
Q

multinational corporations

A

corporation that is registered and operates in more than one country at a time

150
Q

mutually beneficial

A

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

151
Q

market

A

the exchange of goods and services takes place as a result of buyers and sellers being in contact with one another

152
Q

mediterranean

A

the mediterranean sea or the countries bordering it

153
Q

mercantilists

A

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

154
Q

negotiations

A

discussion aimed at reaching an agreement

155
Q

nelson mandela

A

south africa’s first black president that directed a campaign of peaceful, nonviolent defiance against the south african government and its racist policies

156
Q

natural resources

A

materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain

157
Q

north american free trade agreement (nafta)

A

1994 treaty among canada, the united states, and mexico to improve trade by removing tariffs and other economic barriers

158
Q

new world

A

ands in the western hemisphere

159
Q

old world

A

no america (south and north)

160
Q

non-violent resistance

A

peaceful resistance to a government by fasting or refusing to cooperate

161
Q

non-renewable resource

A

oil and fossil fuels

162
Q

non-governmental organization (ngo)

A

an organization that is, generally, formed independent from government

163
Q

nationalism

A

the taking over of ownership by a government from private business

164
Q

outsourcing

A

the hiring of one company by another to fulfill certain tasks in production

165
Q

pluralism

A

a condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, coexist

166
Q

prophets

A

a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of god

167
Q

privatization

A

the sale of government-owned industries and services to private businesses

168
Q

protectionism

A

the theory or practice of shielding a country’s domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports

169
Q

paternalism

A

the policy or practice on the part of people in positions of authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates’ supposed best interest

170
Q

private ownership

A

being owned by a private individual or organization, rather than by the state or a public body

171
Q

peculiarities

A

an odd or unusual feature or habit

172
Q

philanthropy

A

the desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes

173
Q

petitioning

A

make or present a formal request to (an authority) with respect to a particular cause

174
Q

prosperity

A

condition of being successful or thriving especially

175
Q

political globalization

A

development and growing influence of international organizations; governmental action takes place at an international level

176
Q

parent country

A

the country from which the people of a colony or former colony derive their origin

177
Q

quotas

A

proportional shares, such as those paid by member countries of the international monetary fund

178
Q

quality of life

A

the conditions in people’s lives

179
Q

religious minorities

A

any group of persons which constitutes less than half of the population in the entire territory of a state whose members share common characteristics of culture, religion or language, or a combination of any of these

180
Q

residential schools

A

boarding schools for the acculturation and assimilation of aboriginal students, run by religious groups or government from the 1830s to the 1950s

181
Q

religion

A

the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal god or gods

182
Q

raw materials

A

the basic material from which a product is made

183
Q

red paper

A

defended treaty rights and indigenous rights to lands, public services and self-determination

184
Q

reducing barriers of trade

A

promotes increased international trade because it allows for more competition

185
Q

rhonda genocide

A

members of the tutsi minority ethnic group, as well as some moderate hutu and twa, were slaughtered by armed militias

186
Q

religious tolerance

A

The condition of permitting people to worship according to the practices of any religion they choos

187
Q

rule of law

A

the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws

188
Q

regulate

A

rule or mechanism that limits, steers, or otherwise controls social behavior

189
Q

reconciliation

A

the restoration of friendly relations

190
Q

rural

A

in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town

191
Q

symbols

A

things that represent something

192
Q

scramble for africa

A

the invasion, occupation, division, and colonization of most of africa by seven western european powers during a short period known to historians as the new imperialism

193
Q

secular

A

the complete separation between matters of state and religion

194
Q

self-governance

A

government of a country by its own people, especially after having been a colony

195
Q

salvation

A

preservation or deliverance from harm, ruin, or loss

196
Q

slavery

A

the state of being a slave

197
Q

sustainability

A

the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level

198
Q

subjugate

A

bring under domination or control, especially by conquest

199
Q

segregation

A

the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart

200
Q

standard of living

A

common measure of the quantity and quality of goods and services to which people have access

201
Q

standard of living vs quality of life

A

standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area

quality of life, on the other hand, is a subjective term that can measure happiness

202
Q

silk road

A

series of ancient trade networks that connected china and the far east with countries in europe and the middle east

203
Q

self sufficient

A

able to do by yourself

204
Q

social programs

A

provide services that support personal, social and emotional well-being

205
Q

sustainable prosperity

A

concept of equitable, long-term economic activity

206
Q

sweatshops

A

a factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions

207
Q

synonyms

A

a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given languag

208
Q

subsidies

A

financial help given by government to help support an industry

209
Q

stewardship

A

the obligation to maintain resources in a sustainable manner

210
Q

tradition

A

the customs of a family or culture

211
Q

trade barriers

A

a government-imposed restraint on the flow of international goods or services

212
Q

trade and liberalization

A

he removal or reduction of restrictions or barriers on the free exchange of goods between nations

213
Q

transnational media corporations

A

creates media commodities, ideologies, and profits

214
Q

the white man’s burden

A

poem that justified european imperialism

215
Q

tariffs

A

a tax imposed on imports to increase their price and thus reduce competition with domestic products

216
Q

urbanization

A

the growth of towns and cities, as people migrate from rural areas in search of work and other opportunities

217
Q

white paper

A

a government or other authoritative report giving information or proposals on an issue

218
Q

watch dog

A

group that watches the activities of a particular part of government in order to report illegal acts or problems

219
Q

world bank

A

an agency of the united nations that in practice is independent and controlled by its 184 member countries, which provides loans to less developed countries that are in financial difficulty

220
Q

world trade organization (wto)

A

international organization founded in 1995 that works to improve trade relations among the world’s countries, especially by removing tariffs and other barriers to trade

social studies 10 (1 decks)

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