Final Exam Test Review Flashcards
ASHA- what does it stand for and what does it provide?
ASHA American Speech Hearing Association
provides the standard so that professional ethics in our field do not differ between providers.
3 Models of Assessment
1) Appraisal and Diagnosis Model
2) Descriptive Developmental Model
3) Systems Model
3 Types of Assessment
1) Norm referenced tests
2) Criterion Referenced Tests
3) Observation Tools
Important personality traits of SLPs
1) a person who enjoys solving problems
2) a person who enjoys talking and listening to people
3) a person who is intuitive and sees what other may not!
ASHA Code of Ethics
a set of ethics for professionals that states right and wrong actions in serving clients in the workplace
Collaboration teams
direct service delivery; educating & supporting other professional’s efforts to enhance patients care
Multidisciplinary teams
each discipline does its own testing and develops its own goals with minimal integration btw disciplines
Interdisciplinary teams
each discipline does their own testing but findings are shared with the team. Ideas are taken from each discipline to write its own program.
Transdisciplinary teams
team members have ongoing dialogue in which they share info, knowledge & skills, in order to evaluate patients & develop/implement a single integrated service plan
Service Provision Options
Many different age groups: babies, toddlers, young adults, and elderly…
Wide range of ___ in oral mech exams
normal
Referrals
when a client is out of our range of expertise, we send them to someone who is an expert; orthodontists, psychologists/psychiatrists, oral surgeon, audiologists, PT or OT, etc.
Dental Occlusions
Class I Occlusion: normal bite
Class I Malocclusion: overbite
Class II Malocclusion: underbite
Multi, inter, and transdisciplinary models
answer
IFSP- what is it all about?
Individual Family Service Plan-
Baselines
helps us establish the current level of function to serve as a reference point for measuring progress during the course of treatment
Test Validity
does this test measure what it says it is going to measure?
Test Reliability
a test measures the skills it targets with consistency
Diadochokinesis
the method of measuring the rate at which a person can articulate repeated strings of syllables in a 10 second period to assess tongue movement
D-I-A-D-O-C-H-O-K-I-N-E-T-I-C rate
having a patient repeat the syllable “puh” for ten seconds, “tuh” then “kuh” then combine them all to make “puh,tuh,kuh”
Chronological age calculation
Date of Test- Date of Birth= Chronological Age
Remember the rules:
DOT mos
Bell curve, mean/average, confidence interval
Bell curve- normal distribution
Average-the mean; measure of central tendency bc most people will tend to score at about the same level
Confidence interval: the standard error of measurement which allows for a buffer on each side of the test score to make the final results a “range” rather than a number
normative samples
there are 3 things a normative sample must have:
- representative of the population
- adequate in sampling size (100 or more)
- clear on relevance of norms provided
continuum of care
an SLPs role in moving a patient from the most acute/dependent living situation to the most functional/independent living situation
Residual responsibilities of an SLP in the workplace
counseling, bus duty at schools, interventionist?
Test score- what are most helpful?
Percentile rank is the most helpful because it allows us to compare students scores with similar demographics
Behavioral Observation Tools
a method of describing a client’s communication behavior without comparing his/her to others or to a set standard
Authentic assessments
client is observed using his/her communication skills while addressing real life tasks in natural stgs data would include a “Portfolio of Artifacts”
Screening
collection of information in order to determine whether there is a need to do more in-depth evaluation
involves a pass or fail. there is no interpretation of scores.
Facial symmetry- what is it?
Facial symmetry is the evenness of the face and if it has developed in proper alignment
indicates certain anomalies and tells us a lot about certain syndromes incl:
CVA, congenital vs. acquired anomaly, downs, cleft palate etc.
Test manual review
before deciding on a test make sure you do the following:
- choose a test appropriate to your clients needs and will give you the info you are looking for
- check the psychometric properties of the tool you have chosen
- read the test manual to see how the test should be given
Criterion referenced tests
these types of measures allow us to test skills in terms of absolute levels of mastery rather than in comparison to others
Audiologists-scope of practice
- autonomous/independent
- hearing, balance, neural systems
- consultants to committees, industry and court cases
- hearing conservation education
- intraoperative monitoring & cranial nerve assessment
- cochlear implants
- auditory brain response
- tinnitus
Hand washing
Handwashing is super important! We should wash as long as “happy birthday” sung twice. Do not forget the wrists and the thumbs- most missed areas!
Universal precautions
Universal precautions is an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens,
5 stages of grief
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
characteristics of Grief Cycle
- addiction
- acting out poor behaviors
- agression
- abuse
HIPAA (year too!)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
nonverbal communication differences btw cultures
- body language
- facial expression
- posture
- eye contact
- gestures
- clothing/tools of the trade
- tone of voice/volume/pace
- touch
- physical space
respect for clients/rapport building
-Shapiro says we must first value each other as people.
addressing clients by name
only do this if you invited to call them by something else, if not it can cross professional boundaries
Awareness of clients who struggle to complete written forms
make sure it is in their main language, it is written in simple terms, forms are filled out in person if they have any questions for you, get them an interpreter if needed
Marilyn Mitchell’s visit: counseling of families
helping families with children who have disabilities:
knowing the difference btw how men and women choose to grieve; men are fixers, women are covers/comforters (they stay strong)
Types of questions: Client interviews
open-ended questions
closed questions
yes/no questions
leading questions
Nonverbal indicators of discomfort or stress
change in mood posture shifting looking around the room tapping their finger or foot facial expressions
Transference
the natural process by which the “counselor becomes the object fo, target of, and the symbol of a client’s emotional expressions”
these can range from personal questions to romantic inclinations
Monica Garcia (WTRC) visit: multicultural practice
Monica taught us that we should always test our clients in their first language, and that we cannot diagnose someone with a language disorder by the way they sound; this can vary with dialect, background, and not being fluent in English
Continuum of Naturalness in intervention
The degree to which intervention contexts correspond to everyday communication situations and interactions
Advantages & Disadvantages of diagnosing a child
the child could be nonverbal, the child will develop different sounds at different times, the child could just be shy; it can be caught easily with early intervention
EBP
Evidence Based Practice: is defined by ASHA as “an approach in which current, high quality research evidence is integrated with practioner expertise and client preferences and values into the process of making clinical decisions”
External evidence
evidence that stems from different types of resources such as experts and basic research. both of these can have limitations in the
- validity
- importance
- precision of use for EBP.
Internal evidence
other influences on a clients speech and language status such as: social, attentional, cognitive and educational performance.
PICO questions
The first step in using EBP is to create a clinical question P-population I-Intervention used now C-Comparison intervention O-Outcome
Public policies that impact SLP
- Children’s Health Act of 2000
- No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004
- Medicare and Medicaid
Why and from whom do we get public policies?
we get public policies at federal, state and local levels. we get them bc they play a role in how clinical decisions are made for clients at any age level, when and where services are provided and how costs are reimbursed
Multi cultural/multi lingual assessment
multicultural and multilingual assessment is used to test for disorders from people of various cultures and backgrounds; they must be done in the person’s primary spoken or written language
Use of interpreters
interpreters are used to assist an SLP in understanding what a non-english speaking client is saying; however, there are limitations in that words and phrases are not always translated perfectly
Lisa White/ Brenda Lee’s visit: Technology
Assistive technology: is any “item, piece of equipment, or system, whether acquired commercially, modified, , or customized, that is commonly used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities
AT vs. AAC
Assistive Technology versus Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Low-moderate-high tech AT…examples?
Low- involve nontech options such as common objects and a variety of visual supports such as pictures or photographs
moderate-speech generating devices with static or fixed displays
high- those that primarily used synthesized speech and dynamic displays
What is universal design in AT and why is it a good thing?
a concept or philosophy for designing and delivering products and services that are usable by people with the widest possible range of functional capabilities. It is a good thing bc that means it can be used by various types of people
Assessing AT outcomes
in order to know who the AT works best for, we must use EBP to determine what features are most helpful
Family centered practice
models include working in homes, daycares, communities, family/caretakers
Lory Chrane/Ramiro Faz visit: Home based therapy
roles include:
- using our knowledge to and skills to empower others
- consultative role
- team based approach
SLP’s role on early intervention team
The SLP must understand family-guided practice that is both culturally sensitive and specific to each family’s circumstance.
5 Key Points of communicating with families from pg. 338 of our text
- Clarity
- Succinctness
- Redundancy
- Respect
- Genuineness
Pros and cons for pediatric & geriatric home health services
Pediatrics-services are provided in natural environments, services are interdisciplinary
Geriatrics- same
