Final Exam test

Question 1

molten rock material under earths surface

Answer 1

magma

Question 2

molten rock that erupts onto earths surface

Answer 2

lava

Question 3

igneous rock that cools and crystallizes on Earth’s surface

Answer 3

extrusive rock

Question 4

igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground

Answer 4

intrusive rock

Question 5

rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals

Answer 5

volcanic glass

Question 6

large, steep sided volcano that results from explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolitic lavas along convergent plate boundaries

Answer 6

composite volcano

Question 7

volcano that is not associated with a plate boundary

Answer 7

hot spot

Question 8

large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lava; located along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots

Answer 8

shield volcano

Question 9

liquids ability to flow

Answer 9

viscosity

Question 10

tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass

Answer 10

volcanic ash

Question 11

vent in Earth’s crust through which molten rock flows

Answer 11

volcano

Question 12

small, steep-sided volcano that erupts gas-rich, basaltic lava

Answer 12

cinder cone

Question 13

curved line of volcanic islands that forms parallel to a plate boundary

Answer 13

volcanic arc

Question 14

area of many fractured pieces of crust along a large fault

Answer 14

fault zone

Question 15

stress resulting from parallel forces acting in opposite directions

Answer 15

shear

Question 16

waves that travel though solids, but secondary waves can’t

Answer 16

primary waves

Question 17

central point of an earthquake

Answer 17

focus

Question 18

the point of earths surface directly above where the earthquake origiates

Answer 18

epicenter

Question 19

forces moving things apart, including rocks

Answer 19

tension

Question 20

this instrument is used to measure seismic waves

Answer 20

seismograph

Question 21

someone who studies earthquakes

Answer 21

seismologist

Question 22

underwater earthquakes cause seismic waves called

Answer 22

tsunami

Question 23

a break in Earth;s lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another.

Answer 23

fault

Question 24

energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth called

Answer 24

seismic waves

Question 25

cause particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring

Answer 25

primary waves

Question 26

slower that primary waves, they cause particles to move up and down at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels

Answer 26

secondary waves

Question 27

cause particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling motion

Answer 27

surface waves

Question 28

measures and records ground motion and can be used to determine the distance seismic waves travel

Answer 28

seismometer

Question 29

a graphical illustration of seismic waves

Answer 29

seismogram