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Social 10 > Final Exam Terms and Defintions > Flashcards

Final Exam Terms and Defintions Flashcards

1
Q

Globalization

A

The worldwide movement towards economic, financial, trade and community integration, as well as social cultural and political.

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2
Q

Individual Identity

A

a subjective sense of self based on unique personal characteristics

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3
Q

Accommodation

A

a process that occurs when people from different cultures come into contact and accept and create space for each other.

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4
Q

Cosmopolitan

A

a normative viewpoint from which one experiences, understands, and judges the world

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5
Q

Assimilation

A

a process that occurs when the culture of a minority group is absorbed by another culture. Minority group’s identity disappears as its members takes on the identity of the other culture

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6
Q

Cultural Revitalization

A

the process of affirming and promoting people’s individual and collective cultural identity

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7
Q

Global Village

A

all parts of the world as they are being brought together by the internet and other electronic communication interconnections

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8
Q

Collective Identity

A

the way that people define themselves in relation to others and the outside world

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9
Q

Integration

A

the consolidating of basic concepts, facts and knowledge in subjects that are related from recognizable parts to form whole during the process of teaching and learning (assimilation of immigrant groups into a new nation)

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10
Q

Homogenization

A

the erasing of differences (erasing cultural differences so people become more and more similar)

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11
Q

Marginalization

A

occurs when certain groups of people get denied access to areas of society

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12
Q

CRTC

A

-Canadian Radio and Television Communication
-an administrative tribunal that regulates and supervises broadcasting and telecommunications in the public interest

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13
Q

Pluralistic Society

A

a situation in which people of different social classes, religions, races, etc., are together in a society but continue to have their different traditions and interests

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14
Q

CBC/SRC

A

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation / Societé

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15
Q

Media Convergence

A

the use of electronic technology to integrate media such as newspapers, books, Tv, and the Internet

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16
Q

Monoculture

A

the policy or process of supporting, advocating, or allowing the expression of the culture of a single social or ethnic group

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17
Q

Democracy

A

a society in which the citizens are sovereign and control the government

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18
Q

Acculturation

A

the cultural changes that occur when two cultures accommodate, or adapt to, each other’s worldviews

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19
Q

Secularism

A

the separation of religion from political, economic, social and cultural aspects of life, religion being treated as a purely personal matter

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20
Q

Cultural Content

A

related to the society where individuals are raised in and at how the culture affects behavior

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21
Q

Metropolises

A

a major city together with its suburbs and nearby cities, towns, and environs over which the major city exercises a commanding economic and social influence

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22
Q

Minority Language

A

one spoken by less than 50 percent of a population in a given region, state or country

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23
Q

Official Bilingualism

A

to ensure unobstructed access to either of Canada’s two official languages as actors interface with a broad spectrum of governmental activity

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24
Q

Minority Group

A

a culturally, ethnically, or racially distinct group that coexists with but is subordinate to a more dominant group

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25
Q

Universalization

A

the spread of culture, trends, customs, and practices around the world

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26
Q

Transnational

A

extending or going beyond national boundaries

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27
Q

APTN

A

Aboriginal Peoples Television Network

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28
Q

Hybridization

A

the combining of elements of two or more different things to create something new

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29
Q

Media Concentration

A

the gathering of ownership of newspaper and other media in the hands of a few large corporations

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30
Q

Linguistic Identity

A

basing one’s own identity on the language they commonly use, especially their native language

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31
Q

Cultural Contacts

A

contact between peoples with different cultures, usually leading to change in both systems

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32
Q

Depopulation

A

a reduction in population caused by natural or human-made forces

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33
Q

International Trade

A

economic transactions that are made between countries

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34
Q

Mercantilism

A

-a policy followed by European imperial powers from the 16th to the 19th century
-trade was strictly controlled to benefit the economy of the imperial power

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35
Q

Colonialism

A

control by one power over a dependent area or people

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36
Q

Indian Act

A

the primary law the federal government uses to administer Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land

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37
Q

Displacement

A

The process, either official or unofficial, of people being involuntarily moved from their homes because of war, government policies, or other societal actions, requiring groups of people to find new places to live

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38
Q

Capitalism

A

an economic system that advocates free trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving prosperity

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39
Q

Free Market

A

one where voluntary exchange and the laws of supply and demand provide the sole basis for the economic system, without government intervention

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40
Q

Entrepreneur

A

an individual who creates a new business, bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards

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41
Q

Exploitation

A

the act of selfishly taking advantage of someone or a group of people in order to profit from them or otherwise benefit oneself

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42
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

thinking one’s own group’s ways are superior to others

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43
Q

Communism

A

an economic and political system whose purpose is to eliminate class distinctions. Everyone would work for the benefit of all and would receive help as he or she needs it.

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44
Q

Industrialization

A

the widespread development of industries in a region, country, culture, etc.

45
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing

46
Q

Cottage Industries

A

a period of time in which goods for sale were produced on a very small scale, usually in a home

47
Q

Residential Schools

A

an extensive school system set up by the Canadian government and administered by churches that had the nominal objective of educating Indigenous children

48
Q

Reconciliation

A

the process of two people or groups in a conflict agreeing to make amends or come to a truce

49
Q

Eurocentrism

A

a form of enthocentlrism that uses European ethnic, national, religious, and linguistic criteria to judge other people and their culture

50
Q

Colony

A

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country

51
Q

Sphere of Influence

A

the claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory

52
Q

Protectorate

A

a state or country that’s protected by a larger, stronger one

53
Q

Imperalism

A

one country’s domination over another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions

54
Q

White Man’s Burden

A

a duty formerly asserted by white people to manage the affairs of nonwhite people whom they believed to be less developed

55
Q

Paternalistic

A

actions taken or decisions made for another person with the intention of benefiting that person

56
Q

Land Claims

A

the pursuit of recognized territorial ownership by a group or individual

57
Q

Redress

A

to correct a wrong

58
Q

Self-Government

A

government under the control and direction of the inhabitants of a political unit rather than by an outside authority

59
Q

Canadiens

A

A Canadien or French Canadian is a Canadian of French descent and language

60
Q

Silk Road

A

a network of paths connecting civilizations in the East and West that was well traveled for approximately 1,400 years

61
Q

World Bank

A

-an international development organization owned by 187 countries
-reduce poverty by lending money to the governments of its poorer members to improve their economies and to improve the standard of living of their people

62
Q

European Union

A

a unique partnership between 27 European countries, known as Member States, or EU countries

63
Q

Tariff

A

a tax charged on goods or services as they move from one country to another

64
Q

CIDA

A

-Canadian International Development Agency
-administered foreign aid programs in developing countries

65
Q

Outsourcing

A

a business strategy that involves reducing costs by using suppliers of products and services in countries where labour is cheaper and government regulation may be less strict

66
Q

Arable Land

A

being or capable of being tilled for the production of crops

67
Q

Deforestation

A

when humans remove or thin forests for lumber or to use the land where the trees stood for crops, grazing, extraction (mining, oil, or gas), or development as the population increases and people migrate

68
Q

Multinational

A

a company that has business operations in at least one country other than its home country

69
Q

IMF

A

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) works to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for all of its 190 member countries. It does so by supporting economic policies that promote financial stability and monetary cooperation, which are essential to increase productivity, job creation, and economic well-being

70
Q

Free Market Economy

A

one where supply and demand regulate production and labor as opposed to government intervention

71
Q

Deregulation

A

removal or reduction of laws or other demands of governmental control

72
Q

Urbanization

A

the concentration of human populations into discrete areas

73
Q

Nationalize

A

the process of taking privately-controlled companies, industries, or assets and putting them under the control of the government

74
Q

G8/G7

A

refers to the group of eight highly industrialized nations—France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, Canada, and Russia—that hold an annual meeting to foster consensus on global issues like economic growth and crisis management, global security, energy, and terrorism

75
Q

Quotas

A

a government-imposed trade restriction that limits the number or monetary value of goods that a country can import or export during a particular period

76
Q

Hayek

A

-Disagreed with Keynes’s fuse on the economic role of government
-Mistrusted government control, complete or partial
-Believed government should protect the market by ensuring that its rules and laws do not interfere with the competition between businesses
-Competition and market would keep the economy, healthy – government stay out of the way

77
Q

NAFTA

A

North American Free Trade Agreement

78
Q

Economic Interdependence

A

the mutual dependence of the participants in an economic system who trade in order to obtain the products they cannot produce efficiently for themselves

79
Q

Stewardship

A

accepting responsibility fro ensuring that the earth’s resources remain sustainable

80
Q

Economic Nationalism

A

an approach where countries tend to be in conflict and develop policies that help them gain at the expense of another country or countries

81
Q

Bretton Woods Agreement

A

to help restore and sustain the benefits of global integration, by promoting international economic cooperation

82
Q

Trade Bloc

A

groups of countries that establish rules for trade between all participating countries

83
Q

WTO

A

-World Trade Organization
-to help its members use trade as a means to raise living standards, create jobs and improve people’s lives

84
Q

OECD

A

-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
-stimulate economic progress and world trade

85
Q

Trade Liberalization

A

a process that involves countries in reducing or removing trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, so goods and services can move around the world more freely

86
Q

Agribusiness

A

any business related to farming and farming-related commercial activities

87
Q

Containerization

A

the transporting of goods in standard-sized shipping containers

88
Q

Knowledge Economy

A

businesses and individuals who use research, education, new ideas, and information, technologies for practical purposes

89
Q

Quality of Life

A

the degree to which an individual is healthy, comfortable, and able to participate in or enjoy life events

90
Q

GDP (per capita)

A

-the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output, divided by mid-year population
-a country’s GDP divided by its total population

91
Q

Pandemic

A

a disease epidemic that has spread to a large group of people across a sprawling region, or across multiple nations or continents

92
Q

Green Revolution

A

-associated with agricultural production
-the period when agriculture of the country was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and techniques like the use of high yielding variety seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers

93
Q

Foreign Aid

A

refers to any type of assistance that one country voluntarily transfers to another, which can take the form of a gift, grant, or loan

94
Q

Disparity

A

measurable differences between individuals, groups, races, regions, states, or nations

95
Q

Protest

A

-to show or express strong disagreement with or disapproval of something
-the result of actions by individuals, groups, organizations, coalitions, and movements seeking to change or prevent change in institutional policy

96
Q

Employment Equity

A

the law that promotes equity in the workplace, ensures that all employees receive equal opportunities and that employees are treated fairly by their employers

97
Q

Boycott

A

a collective and organized ostracism applied in labour, economic, political, or social relations to protest practices that are regarded as unfair

98
Q

Tied Aid

A

-describes official grants or loans that limit procurement to companies in the donor country or in a small group of countries
-requires that the recipients of Canada’s foreign aid—some of the world’s poorest countries—purchase exclusively Canadian goods and services with the available funding

99
Q

Citizen Advocacy

A

a movement to strengthen citizen action

100
Q

Standard of Living

A

refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and. necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area

101
Q

Life Expectancy

A

the number of years a person would be expected to live

102
Q

Bilateral

A

coordination with another single country

103
Q

NGO/UN Organizations

A

a non-profit, voluntary citizens’ group; is organized on a local, national or international level; can perform a variety of service and humanitarian functions; is usually organized around specific issues such as human rights, environment or health

104
Q

Dollar Voting

A

an analogy that refers to the theoretical impact of consumer choice on producers’ actions by means of the flow of consumer payments to producers for their goods and services

105
Q

Human Development Index

A

-Created by the United Nations Development Program to measure the quality of life in UN member countries
-Are used to classify countries as being developed, developing, or under developed
-Measures how economic policies affect the quality of life
-Based on three main categories:
-Longevity: life expectancy
-Knowledge: school enrolment and literacy
-Standard of Living: measured in GDP per person

106
Q

UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A

-a milestone document in the history of human rights
-Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, it set out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected

107
Q

Corporate Social Responsibility

A

the idea that a company should play a positive role in the community and consider the environmental and social impact of business decisions

108
Q

Multilateralism

A

coordination among more than 3 countries

Social 10 (5 decks)

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