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Arts 1110 > Final Exam Terms > Flashcards

Final Exam Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Ad Hominem (Argument to the person)

A

Distracting its audience from the evidence that has been presented by focusing instead on the individual presenting the argument

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2
Q

Appeal to Questionable Authority

A

One accepts a proposition because it has been endorsed by an agency (even if that agency lacks authority)

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3
Q

Glittering Generalities

A

Vague references to commonly held values, usually appeal to the reader emotionally

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4
Q

Appeal to Pity

A

Asks the audience accept a particular conclusion because he/she has suffered hardship

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5
Q

Appeal to People

A

Citing the authority of the majority, an appeal to false authority

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6
Q

Appeal to Force

A

Asks that one accept a proposition because because the failure to do so may result in consequence

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7
Q

Begging the question

A

Circular reasoning, conclusion is used to prove the premise and them the premise is used to prove the conclusion

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8
Q

Explaining by Naming

A

One has provided the reasons for the phenomenon because one has identified it

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9
Q

False Dilemma

A

Suggests one must choose between two propositions

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10
Q

Searching for the Perfect Solution

A

Unless a proposed course of action will lead to a complete resolution of a problem,, one shouldn’t do anything

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11
Q

Slippery Slope

A

Suggests that the acceptance of one propositions will lead inevitably. The arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction

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12
Q

Red Herring

A

A statement that distracts one from the real argument. Irrelevant material gets introduced to distract

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13
Q

Straw Person Argument

A

Arguer attempts to diminish the authority of opposing viewpoints by attacking exaggerated or caricatured versions of an opponent’s position

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14
Q

Hasty Generalization

A

Moves from a non-representative example to a conclusion

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15
Q

Novice Writers

A

Gathers information that is only somewhat connected to the general topic

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16
Q

Novice vs. Experienced Writers

A

Main difference is in the supporting evidence

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17
Q

Experienced Writers

A

Work purposefully, using arguable proposition to identify the specific information they need, uses useful sources

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18
Q

4 things to know about your Audience

A

1- Understanding of the target
2- Identify your audience
3- Language use (avoid slang)
4- Background information

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19
Q

2 Purposes of writing

A

1- Tone (argumentative essay or are you writing for your own enjoyment)
2- Why are you writing it

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20
Q

4 facts about a thesis

A

1- Usually identifies the position you will take in an essay
2- Provides the significance of the argument (why the reader should care)
3- Expresses the principle theme
4- Specific and clear

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21
Q

2 reasons for a Topic Sentence

A

1- The topic sentence clearly articulates the controlling idea and explains the way in which the supporting ides and related to it
2- Provides a “road map” for the writer to follow

22
Q

The 3 Subjective sources of Evidence for writing

A

1- Intuition
2- Personal experience
3- Testimonials

23
Q

The 3 Systematic Forms of Evidence for writing

A

1- Appeal to authority
2- Observational studies
3- Case studies

24
Q

2 ways Statistics proves information

A

1- Averages

2- Surveys

25
Q

Metacognition

A

Thinking about thinking. Used to assess how well one is learning and how they’re strategies are working

26
Q

Short Term Memory

A

Stores information from sensory memory. Can be lost in short periods of time

27
Q

3 Stages of Memory

A

1- Encoding
2- Storage
3- Retrieval

28
Q

Encoding

A

Sensory info –> Short term memory –> long term memory

29
Q

Retrieval

A

Recovering stored information from memory. Retrieval cues

30
Q

3 ways to input information into long term

A

1- Rote learning -> the repetition of information
2- Elaborate rehearsal -> the connection of new material with old knowledge
3- Recoding -> the rearranging, changing, grouping of information

31
Q

4 Learning Strategies

A

1- Cornell Note taking
2- Parallel Note taking
3- SQ3R
4- Colour coding

32
Q

The 3 Sections of Cornell Notes

A

1st- Note taking column
2nd- Cue column
3rd- Summary space

33
Q

3 steps to Parallel Notes

A

1- To print off slides or lecture notes before hand
2- Add in meaningful and additional information
3 -Summarize and review

34
Q

Colour Coding- 2 colour methods

A

1st colour- Identifies important themes

2nd colour- Identifies important sup themes

35
Q

SQ3R

A 
S- Survey
Q- Question
R- Read
R- Recite
R- Review
36
Q

The 6 stages of Blooms Taxonomy

A

1- Remember - Recall facts and basic concepts
2- Understand - Explain ideas and concepts
3- Apply - Use info in new situations
4- Analyze - Draw connections among ideas
5- Evaluate - Justify a decision
6- Create - Produce new or original work

37
Q

2 common flaws in Fallacious Arguments

A

1- Premises or reasons are irrelevant to the conclusion

2- The structure of the arguments do not provide for a logical relationship between premises and conclusion

38
Q

Annotated Bibliography

A

Citations with a brief descriptive and evaluative paragraph that will provide the reader with the relevancy, accuracy, and quality of the cited source

39
Q

3 Types of Evidence

A

1- Anecdotal
2- Sweeping generalizations
3- Overstating the conclusion

40
Q

Anecdotal Evidence

A

Informal or casual evidence that is collected through personal testimony

41
Q

Sweeping Generalizations

A

General rule applied to a specific instance

42
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

One argues from a standpoint that a categorical statement (statement that applies to all members in a category Ex. Students find math hard) through the assignment of an individual or thing to the category (You are a student), to the conclusion (You find math hard)

43
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

Is a mode of argument in which the likelihood of a correct conclusion increases with the amount and kind of relevant evidence Ex. your cousin, sister, and friend find math confusing. You may find math confusing

44
Q

Authoritative Sources

A

Reliable source because of its authority or authenticity is widely recognized

45
Q

Counter Argument

A

A possible argument against a thesis or a point being made

46
Q

Argument from a belief

A

The arguer may offer evidence but that evidence is usually based upon beliefs that the audience may not share

47
Q

Rival Causes

A

A plausible alternative explanation that can explain why a certain outcome occurred

48
Q

Ambgiuity

A

An unclear phrase with multiple definitions is used within the argument; therefore, does not support the conclusion

49
Q

Cultural Assumptions

A

Unassessed beliefs adopted by virtue of upbringing in a society. Raised in a society, we unconsciously take on its point of view, values, beliefs, and practices

50
Q

Fallacies

A

An error in reasoning. An argument that doesn’t conform to rules of good reasoning

51
Q

Scientific Studies

A

Studies undertaken systematically to employ scientific methods. Rely on publicly verifiable data and cannot be accepted without questioning

Arts 1110 (1 decks)

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