Final Exam Terms Flashcards
Ad Hominem (Argument to the person)
Distracting its audience from the evidence that has been presented by focusing instead on the individual presenting the argument
Appeal to Questionable Authority
One accepts a proposition because it has been endorsed by an agency (even if that agency lacks authority)
Glittering Generalities
Vague references to commonly held values, usually appeal to the reader emotionally
Appeal to Pity
Asks the audience accept a particular conclusion because he/she has suffered hardship
Appeal to People
Citing the authority of the majority, an appeal to false authority
Appeal to Force
Asks that one accept a proposition because because the failure to do so may result in consequence
Begging the question
Circular reasoning, conclusion is used to prove the premise and them the premise is used to prove the conclusion
Explaining by Naming
One has provided the reasons for the phenomenon because one has identified it
False Dilemma
Suggests one must choose between two propositions
Searching for the Perfect Solution
Unless a proposed course of action will lead to a complete resolution of a problem,, one shouldn’t do anything
Slippery Slope
Suggests that the acceptance of one propositions will lead inevitably. The arguer claims that a sort of chain reaction
Red Herring
A statement that distracts one from the real argument. Irrelevant material gets introduced to distract
Straw Person Argument
Arguer attempts to diminish the authority of opposing viewpoints by attacking exaggerated or caricatured versions of an opponent’s position
Hasty Generalization
Moves from a non-representative example to a conclusion
Novice Writers
Gathers information that is only somewhat connected to the general topic
Novice vs. Experienced Writers
Main difference is in the supporting evidence
Experienced Writers
Work purposefully, using arguable proposition to identify the specific information they need, uses useful sources
4 things to know about your Audience
1- Understanding of the target
2- Identify your audience
3- Language use (avoid slang)
4- Background information
2 Purposes of writing
1- Tone (argumentative essay or are you writing for your own enjoyment)
2- Why are you writing it
4 facts about a thesis
1- Usually identifies the position you will take in an essay
2- Provides the significance of the argument (why the reader should care)
3- Expresses the principle theme
4- Specific and clear