Final Exam Terms

Question 1

Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans

Answer 1

Old Hickory

Question 2

Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt. 8th president

Answer 2

Martin Van Buren

Question 3

(1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the South. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.

Answer 3

John C. Calhoun

Question 4

Famous American politician and orator. He advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated into the Federal Reserve System. He would later push for a strong union.

Answer 4

Daniel Webster

Question 4

John Eaton, Secretary of War, was rumored to have had an affair with Peggy Timberlake, whom he later married before her husband died in 1828. She was snubbed by the wives of Jackson’s cabinet (Led by Calhoun’s wife). The President wanted to help her because his wife had been the object of similar rumors. This turned Jackson against Calhoun, drew Van Buren and Jackson closer, and dissolved the Cabinet. Calhoun resigned the vice presidency the next year and entered the Senate for South Carolina

Answer 4

Eaton Affair

Question 5

US State has the right to invalidate any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional

Answer 5

Nullification Theory

Question 6

It was an ordinance of secession from the union by South Carolina. South Carolina was the first to secede from the Union.

Answer 6

First South Carolina Ordinance

Question 7

He was a distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as “The Great Compromiser.” Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. He died before it was passed, however.

Answer 7

Henry Clay

Question 8

Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act’s provisions paved the way for the reluctant–and often forcible–emigration of tens of thousands of Native Americans to the West.

Answer 8

Indian Removal Act

Question 9

Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk tribe, led the rebellion against the US; which started in Illinois and spread to Wisconsin Territory; 200 Sauk and Fox people were murdered; tribes removed to areas west of Mississippi

Answer 9

Black Hawk War

Question 10

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles to the Indian Territory. More than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Answer 10

Trail of Tears

Question 11

President of the Confederate States of America

Answer 11

Jefferson Davis

Question 12

President of the second Bank of the United States; struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.

Answer 12

Nicholas Biddle

Question 13

a 19th-century minor political party in the United States. It strongly opposed Freemasonry, and was founded as a single-issue party, aspiring to become a major party

Answer 13

Anti-Masonic Party

Question 14

He was a Union General who destroyed the South during the “march to the sea” from Atlanta to Savannah; an example of total war

Answer 14

William Sherman

Question 15

Pressured by Henry Clay, the government distributed the surplus from selling western lands among the states as loans. Surplus was proportionately divided according to each state’s representation in the two houses of Congress.

Answer 15

Distribution Act

Question 16

When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued. Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.

Answer 16

Panic of 1837

Question 17

Martin Van Buren’s nickname

Answer 17

Little Magician

Question 18

President Van Buren’s plan to keep government funds in its own vaults and do business entirely in hard money rather than keep them in deposits within shaky banks.

Answer 18

Independent treasury

Question 19

Description of the election of 1840 in which the Whigs tried to promote Harrison’s humble background through the image of log cabins. Van Buren talking bad about Harrison is what brought about the saying. The election was entirely based on hoopla and not on any actual issues. Harrison (Tippecanoe) won but died soon after because he did not have a coat on during his two-hour-long speech in the rain.

Answer 19

“Log Cabin and Hard Cider”

Question 20

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

Answer 20

Cotton Gin

Question 21

A boat that moves by the power of a steam engine, made it easier and quicker to travel goods.

Answer 21

Steamboat

Question 22

(1840s) One of the worst famines in modern history; Irish peasants relied on potatoes, but a plant fungus killed most of them; millions starved; mass immigration to US, Canada and Australia

Answer 22

Potato Famine

Question 23

Group of prejudice people who formed a political party during the time when the KKK grew. Anti-Catholics and Anti-foreign. They were also known as the American Party. If anyone asked about the party, they were supposed to say I know nothing.

Answer 23

Know-Nothing Party

Question 24

He was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief Constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until the passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Answer 24

William Henry Harrison

Question 25

Issued by Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862. It declared that all slaves in certain union-won areas were free.

Answer 25

Emancipation Proclamation

Question 26

Nickname for the Aroostook War. Boundary dispute in Maine

Answer 26

Battle of the Maps ?

Question 27

he coined the term “manifest destiny”.

Answer 27

John O’ Sullivan

Question 28

17th President of the United States, A Southerner from Tennessee, as V.P., when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Answer 28

Andrew Johnson

Question 29

3rd day of Gettysburg, Lee asked Pickett to lead troops in a mile and a half run where they were then slaughtered by the union army.

Answer 29

Pickett’s Charge

Question 30

After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.

Answer 30

Radical Republicans

Question 31

The trail from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico in the mid-1800s.

Answer 31

Santa Fe Trail

Question 32

The trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon was used by many pioneers during the 1840s.

Answer 32

Oregon Trail

Question 33

He led a group of 87 people to Oregon and traveled in the winter on an untested route.

Answer 33

George Donner

Question 34

The pro-slavery constitution was suggested when Kansas was admitted to the Union. It was rejected.

Answer 34

Lecompton Constitution

Question 35

“Father of Texas”; Secretary of State for Sam Houston in his first administration.

Answer 35

Stephan F. Austin

Question 36

This event occurred in 1858, when Stephen Douglas and Abra ham Lincoln competed for the Senate seat in Illinois.

Answer 36

Douglas-Lincoln Debate

Question 37

United States frontiersman and Tennessee politician who died at the siege of the Alamo in 1836.

Answer 37

Davy Crockett

Question 38

he is known for his famous “Bowie knife” and a sometimes reckless adventurer. Now immortalized as one of the true folk heroes in early Texas as one of the defenders who died at the Alamo.

Answer 38

Jim Bowie

Question 39

Mexican dictator who was in charge when war broke out between the Mexicans and Americans. He lost Texas to rebels and was the leader of the armed forces during the Mexican-American war.

Answer 39

Santa Anna

Question 40

Commander of the Alamo who went up against Mexican soldiers. He died. He wrote a now-famous letter to “all the people of Texas and all Americans” to plead for immediate assistance and supplies at the Alamo.

Answer 40

Colonel Travis

Question 41

Nickname for Texas after it won independence from Mexico in 1836.

Answer 41

Lone Star Republic

Question 42

AN unexpected presidential nomination. Polk was one of the first dark horse candidates. This shows the variance among America’s political parties at the time.

Answer 42

Dark Horse Candidate

Question 43

Commander of the Army of Occupation on the Texas border. On President Polk’s orders, he took the Army into the disputed territory between the Nueces and Rio Grande Rivers and built a fort on the north bank of the Rio Grande River. When the Mexican Army tried to capture the fort, Taylor’s forces engaged in a series of engagements that led to the Mexican War. His victories in the war and defeat of Santa Anna made him a national hero.

Answer 43

General Zachary Taylor

Question 44

This colonel, under the direction of Polk, led a small army that captured Santa Fe with no opposition. He then proceeded to California where he joined a conflict already in progress that was being staged jointly by American settlers. Explored some places in the midwest.

Answer 44

Stephen Kearney

Question 45

It was a key American victory against Mexican forces in the Mexican-American War in 1847. It elevated General Zachary Taylor to national prominence and helped secure his success in the 1848 presidential election. Santa Anna left because there was an uprising in Mexico City.

Answer 45

Battle of Buena Vista

Question 46

United States general, he was a hero of the War of 1812, who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866), and was the last Whig presidential candidate. He was the first one to think that the civil war wasn’t going to be quick.

Answer 46

Winfield Scott