Final Exam - Summer 2015 Flashcards
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia…
Swine Rearing Disease; Swine
Pyelonephritis in swine…Fever, anorexia, polyarthritis, meningitis
Actinobacillus suis
Sleepy Foal Disease…
Actinobacillus equuli…septicemia, enteritis, bronchitis/pneumonia
Actinobacillus Lignieresii
Wooden/Timber Tongue
Actinomyces bovis….
Actinomycosis; Lumpy Jaw in Cattle
Brucella suis
Brucellosis in swine; Reportable
Brucella canis
Brucellosis; zoonotic; obligate pathogen; bacteremia WITH NO FEVER, lymphadenitis, scrotum dermatitis…
1 cause of animal abortion…
Brucella abortus; Reportable and Resistant; CS: placentitis, mastitis, abortion (duh)
Brucella melitensis/ovis…
Sheep and Goat Brucellosis; mastitis; “Malta F”
Borreliosis..
Borrelia burgdorferi; OSP’s in the cell wall - antigenic variation; Dogs, Horse, Cattle, Sheep, Humans
Chlamydia spp. highlights
Intracellular pathogens; Life Cycle: EB and RB; zoonotic (C. abortus/C. felis)
Chlamydia felis
congestion, conjunctivitis, rhinitis; shed in ocular/nasal secretions
Chlamydia abortus
Enzootic Abortion in Sheep and Goats; late term abortion, stillbirth; shed in placenta, uterine discharge; trans.: ingestion, aerosol, and venereal
Clostridial disease symptoms..
flaccid paralysis, cellulitis, sudden death, necrotic myositis
Clostridium chauvoei…
Black leg syndrome; crepitus, hemorrhagic (in appearance) lesions, acute, febrile; Hosts: cattle, sheep and pig
Botulinism….
Clostridium botulinum; flaccid paralysis, recumbence; neurotoxin; occasional toxics-infectious forms; inhibits NT acetylcholine release
Locked Jaw; Wooden Horse syndrome
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium dificile
enterocolitis (Diarrhea); Tox A and/or Tox B; stop antibiotics! give probiotics (sometimes) and avoid antidiarrheals - - Diarrhea due to overuse of antibiotics like clindamycin and lincomycin; found frequently in horses and rabbits
Clostridium spiroforme…
Rabbits; explosive diarrhea; enteric clostridium
Clostridium piliforme…
Tyzzer’s Disease; acute fatal Diarrhea disease of lab animals; “Haystack” appearance; Obligate Intracellular Pathogen; focal liver necrosis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis…
Sheep and Goat; intracellular; caseous lymphadenitis
Corynebacterium renale…
contagious bovine pyelonephritis; adult cows
Corynebacterium bovis…
Hyperkeratosis in Mice
Erysipelas rheusiopathiae…
swine; RHOMBOID lesions on skin; septicemia, abortion, chronic: arthritis; subacute: endocarditis
Glanders (Farcy)
Burkholderia mallei: zoonotic; pyogranulomatous nodules/ulcers; fever; lymphadenitis; intracellular; aerobic
Burkholderia pseudomallei…
Mainly in Sheep and Goat; Mimics Glanders
Glassers disease
Haemophilus parasuis; Fac. Pathogenic; septicemia, meningitis, polyarthritis
Histophilus somnei…
colonizes mucosal ruminant surfaces; IV coagulation; Sleeper’s Disease; septicemia, arthritis, myocarditis, pneumonia, mastitis, abortion
Swine dysentery
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; 6-12 wk old pigs; bloody diarrhea; DDx: Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter, Clostridium
Streptococcus equi subsp. equi…
Strangles; Horses; fever, purulent nasal discharge, Lymph Node abscess, depression, anorexia
Tularemia
Francisella tularensis; Rabbit/Deer Fly Fever; Reportable; Intracellular; Trans.: flies, mosquitoes, ticks
Foal pneumonia…
Rhodococcus equi; Intracellular
Yersinia pestis
Cats; Black Plague; pneumonia, septicemia; Intracellular; Replicates at 4 deg. C.; Trans.: fleas, aerosol, oral
Mycoplasma avium subsp. pseudotuberculosis
Johnes Disease; Ruminants; chronic, progressive granulomatous enteritis
Nocardia asteroides…
Bovine Farcy; Lymphadenitis, Lymphangitis; granulomatous mastitis in cattle and small ruminants
Circling Disease
Listeria monocytogenes; encephalitis; Intracellular; Ruminants; Listeriolysin O - allows intracellular movement of bact. to move cell-to-cell
Leptospirosis in Cattle and Swine…
Production/Repro disease
Leptospirosis in Cats/Dogs…
PU/PD, vomiting, dehydration, lethargy, abdominal pain; Trans.: urine; Diagnosis: blood, urine, CSF, placenta, PRC/FAT, Serum/MAT - - increases sensitivity
Salmonella spp. characteristics…
Intracellular; Lots of Environmental Resistance
Salmonella abortus subsp. equi…
Non-Host specific; polyarthritis, abortion, foal born septic
Salmonella dublin…
calves - diarrhea; adults - subclinical mastitis, abortion
Salmonella typhimurium…
Zoonotic; bovine - diarrhea, abortion
Salmonella pullorum…
Reportable! Pullorum Disease; Bacillary White diarrhea; high mortality; acute sepsis; adults and young animals
Salmonella gallinarum…
Reportable! Fowl typhoid; older animals, hemolytic anemia
Salmonella enteriditis…
egg contamination
Chlamydia psittaci…
Psittacosis; Avian chlamydia; Parrot fever; Ornithosis; common!; Respiratory and Enteric Disease; anorexia, yellow-green diarrhea, respiratory distress, Neuro. signs
Fowl cholera…
Pasteurella multocida; young adults
Avian tuberculosis..
Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium; SOI: alimentaru canal; Disseminates: liver and spleen; survives years in soil
Turkey Coryza…
Bordetella avium; Swollen Head Syndrome; Sneezing, head shaking, open-beak resp., tracheal rales, nasal discharge
Avibacterium paragallinarum…
Fowl coryza; Infectious Coryza; rhinitis, sinusitis, acute conjunctivitis
Thrush…
Candida albicans; Avian fungal disease
Brooder pneumonia…
Aspergillus fumigatus; Avian fungal disease
Microsporum gallinae…
Favus; Avian fungal disease
Dermatophilosis…
Dermatophilus congolensis; Tram-track skin inf.; “strawberry foot rot” - cattle/ “rain scald” - horses
Bovine bronchopneumonia and hemorrhagic septicemia…
Pasteurella multocida
Marie’s disease in K9…
hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy; Mycobacterium bovis in K9
Mycobacterium lepraemurium..
Feline Leprosy; cutaneous nodules/ulcerated lesions
Mycobacterium leprae…
Leprosy/Hansen’s Disease
Mycobacterium Bovis in Bovine…
Bovine Tuberculosis; Zoonotic TB; chronic, progressive latent infection
Bordetella bronchisepta…
Dogs - Kennel Cough: Dry cough, anorexia, lethargy, pneumonia…Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis
Swine - Atrophic Rhinitis: dermonecrotic, stimulates mucous production, sniffles, sneezes, tears
Pseudomonas aeruginosa characteristics…
Extracellular, Gram -, Aerobic, Oxidase +, Habitat: humid hospitals
Pseudomonas aeruginosa…common name, etc.
“Fleece Rot” - Rabbit/Sheep; CS: pyoderma
Moraxella bovis…
“pink eye” - bovine; Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis; Predisposing Factors: flies, dust, eye irritants, inf. w/ BHV-1
Proteus mirabilus…
“otitis dog” SOI: ear
Proteus spp…
swarming; canine
Campylobacter spp…pathognomonic lesion
Ovine abortion - doughnut-shaped lesions on fetal liver
Campylobacter subsp. fetus & C. jejuni…
“abortion storm” in sheep/goat
Most frequent cause of food poisoning via contaminated poultry…
Campylobacter spp.
Most common Staph isolate in K9…
Staph. pseudintermedius: bacterial folliculitis and furunculosis
“Foot Rot” in Sheep…
Dichelobacter nodosus; extensive necrosis and keratinolysis
“Foot Rot” in Cattle…
Fusobacterium necrophorum; extensive necrosis and keratinolysis
Trueperella pyogenes…
“Summer Mastitis” and abortion in livestock/ruminants and swine
Treponema paraluis-cuniculi…
“Rabbit Syphilis”/ Vent Diesease; CS: perianal/facial lesions
Treponema pallidum/brennaborense…
“Hairy Heel Wart”/”Strawberry Foot Rot” in Dairy Cattle
Clostridium perfringens
Necrotic enteritis
Riemerella anatipestifer…
New duck disease
Is Histophilus somnei an obligate pathogen?
Nope. - It CAN cause neuro symptoms, colonizes the urogenital tract and causes intravascular coagulation.
VTEC infections can cause…
a hoarse voice
petechia on the skin
neuro. symptoms
T/F - STa is a highly immunogenic toxin of ETEC.
False
A dog presents to your clinic w/ febrile illness/lameness. You are in an endemic area for Amblyomma americanum ticks and suspect tick-borne disease. Exam of blood smear reveals small numbers of infiltrated neutrophils that include bacterial morulae….What is the etiologic agent?
Ehrlyichia ewingii
Bacteria do NOT have…
Nucleus, Membrane Bound Organelles, or Histones
T/F - Mycoplasma have a cell membrane.
False. They do NOT have a cell membrane or LPS.
T/F - The size of bacteria is critical to the virulence of a bacterial species.
False. The number of organisms, virulence factors, and status of host immune response is important to the pathogenicity of the bacteria.
Quorum sensing…
Bacteria appear innocuous as the grow in #. Population reaches a certain level, instant changes occur: behavior, appearance, metabolism. Changes culminate in an infection that can ambush/overwhelm immune system defenses.
What is a Bacterial spp. with a non-polysaccharide capsule…
Bacillus anthracis - has a Poly-Glutamic Acid capsule
Biofilms…
microbes come together in masses, cling to a surface(s), produce extracellular substances and take in nutrients –> form biofilm ex: Dental Plaque or Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosus pts.
Plasmid genes…
Tetanus neurotoxin, Staphylococcus enterotoxin (SuperAntigens)
Bacteriophage Genes…
corynebacterium diphtheria (Diphtheria toxin), Clostridium botulinum (Botulinum toxin), E. coli 0157 (Shiga toxin)
Plasmids/Bacteriophages
carry genes for antibiotic resistance, toxin capsules and fimbriae and can mediate transfer
Superantigens…
cause non-specific activation of T-cells; result in polyclonal T-cell activation & massive cytokine release; indiscriminate binding to MHC Class II molecules on the APC and ThCell Receptor
Conjugation…
bacterial w/ fertility factor transfers genetic material to another bacteria by direct contact
Transformation…
direct uptake/incorporation of exogenous material genetically alters a cell
Transduction…
virus transfers DNA from 1 bacteria to another via bacteriophage
Metabolism: Require oxygen for growth…
Aerobic, Microaerophilic, Capnophilic
Metabolism: Do not require oxygen for growth…
Obligate anaerobe, aerotolerant anaerobe
Metabolism: Do not require oxygen but can utilize it…
facultative anaerobe
Fungi characteristics…
Cell wall does NOT contain peptidoglycan; Hyphae - multicellular/ Yeast - unicellular; Cell membrane contains sterols; Eukaryotes; Dimorphic fungi exist in yeast and mold form.
Dimorphic yeasts…
Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Coccioides, Sporothrix
Pathogenic yeasts…
Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Malassezia pachydermatis
Animal A Brucella titer = 1:256, Animal B Brucella titer = 1:16. Which animal has higher antibodies in serum?
Animal A has higher antibodies in serum than Animal B.
Is a positive Antibody titer always diagnostic?
Nope.
What is a common bacterial isolate from canine pyoderma?
Staph. pseudintermedius
A dog presents with a lesion…what conditions should you investigate?
Staph. pyoderma Food allergy Immune mediated skin condition Parasitic Inf. Neoplasm
T/F - All staphylococcus isolates which are macrolide (erythromycin) resistant should be considered Clindamycin resistant unless otherwise confirmed by a D-test.
True
In Birds, “Bumble Foot” is caused by…
Staphylococcus aureus
You have a Giemsa stained smear displaying a negatively stained bacteria from a dog w/ a SubQ nodular lesion. What bacteria is on the top of your DDx list?
Mycobacterium
You have a cat bite abscess…what bacteria is present?
Pasturella spp.
You are examining a Persian Cat with Pseudomycetoma. What bacteria is present and where does it like to replicate?
Microsporum canis
Normally multiplies in the stratum cornea
You chose to treat the Persian Cat w/ Pseudomycetoma w/ Griseofulvin. How does it work?
acts only against dermatophytes; need to administer orally; the drug reaches the superficial dead epithelium and reaches high concentrations in the stratum corneum
When you see “Cats & Capsules” you think…
Cryptococcus neoformans
When you see “Broad Based Budding” you think…
Blastomyces
T/F - Pathognomonic skin lesions observed in swine erysipelas is a local suppurative dermatitis.
False. Path.: septicemia caused by E. rhusiopathiae (Diamond Skin Disease)
Melioidosis..
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Burkholderia mallei causes what disease?
Glanders; zoonotic; pyogranulomatous nodules/ulcers, fever, lymphadenitis
Glanders lesions…
Farcy, pneumonia, lymphatic lesions
Pigeon fever bacteria and lesions…
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Lesions: lymphocutaneous
Strangles lesions…
lymphadenitis
What bacterium cause skin lesions in Horses?
Streptococcus equi subsp. equi; Strangles, Lymphadenitis Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; ulcerative lymphangitis (Pigeon Fever) Sporothrix schenkii (lymphocutaneous lesions Burkholderia mallei (Glanders/Farcy) Histoplasma farciminosum (African farcy) Pythium insidiosum (Cutaneous pythiosis, Swamp cancer)
You see skin lesions on a horse from a swampy area in Florida…
“Swamp Cancer”/”Kunkers” - Pythium insidiosum
What is the best treatment for a Staphylococcal abscess?
Clean, Drain, Wash
What is a bacterium responsible for enterotoxemia in animals?
Clostridium perfringes
Prototheca is a/an…
algae
Oomycetes can cause…
GI disease and skin disease…Pythium insidiosum/Pythiosis
“potomac horse fever”
Neorickettsia
Bacterial diseases affecting the GI system of Sheep and Goat…(3)
Johnes disease
Clostridial enterotoxemia
Salmonellosis
In Cattle, what bacteria causes clostridial enterotoxemia?
Clostridium perfringes
Bacterial diseases affecting the GI system of Pigs…(6)
Colibacillosis/colisepticemia Edema disease - Clostridium - Shiga toxin producing E. Coli Clostridial enterotoxemia Porcine proliferative enteropathy Swine dysentery - Brachyspira Salmonellosis
Bacterial diseases affecting the GI system of Dogs…(7)
Clostridial enteritis - hemorrhagic, acute diarrhea Histoplasmosis - fungal inf. Salmonellosis Protothecosis - chronic diarrhea Salmon poisoning Histoplasmosis Pythiosis
Bacterial disease affecting the GI system of Cats…(2)
Fungal infections
Pythiosis
What bacteria appear in antibiotic induced diarrheas in horses and rabbits?
Clostridium perfringes and Clostridium dificile.
What cells does Neorickettsia rustic infect?
Epithelial cells, macrophages, and monocytes
UTI’s are More/Less common in Cats.
Less Common in Cats
UTI’s without pyuria occurs in…
diabetes
hyperadrenocorticism
immune deficiencies
To Diagnose UTI’s…
culture and urine analysis
urine collection - cysto., catheter, midstream catch
What disease in Foals can result in a UTI?
Actinobacillus equi - “sleepy foal disease”
If you see a “pulpy kidney” in sheep, you suspect…
Clostridium perfinges type D enterotoxemia
Porcine pyelonephritis is caused by…
Actinobaculum suis
What are appropriate diagnostic samples for Reproductive systems infections?
placenta, fetal and dam serum, fetal organs, fetal abomasal fluid
Contagious equine metritis
Taylorella equigenitalis
temporary infertility and occasional abortion; Stallions - asymptomatic carrier
Repro. disorders in female dogs, Acute orchitis in male dogs, general illness and lymphadenopathy, disconspondylitis or osteomyelitis are all signs that make you suspect….
Brucellosis
For diagnosing Canine Brucellosis, your serum samples must be free of what?
Hemolysis
What is the gold standard for sample submission for Brucellosis?
Blood culture
What Brucella spp. is of Public Health concern?
Brucella suis - has the highest virulence!
What tests are available to diagnosing Brucellosis?
indirect fluourescent Antibody test
rapid slide agglutination
tube agglutination
agar gel immunodiffusion
T/F - Bacillus anthracis has predilection for the nervous system.
False.
Pleocytosis…
presence of: pleomorphic cells in blood, CSF, nervous tissue
see inflammatory cells in the CSF
Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis - TEME…
Histophilus somnei
blindness, ataxia convulsions, depression, coma
Pathognomonic lesions of TEME…
necrosis due to thrombus formation - multiple reddish necrotic foci in the brain
What is the most common presentation of Listeriosis in ruminants?
Encephalitis
Listeria bacteria travel along what to reach the CNS and cause disease? What do they have affinity for?
Trigeminal nerve
Brainstem
Sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis in Feedlot cattle…
Chlamydia pecorum
Edema disease in Pigs
Shigatoxin E. coli
3 Bacterial diseases causing Lymphangitis…
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (Pigeon Fever) Sporothrix schenkii (Cats, Dogs, Horses) Histoplasma (Epizootic lymphangitis)
Causes Myositis (1)
Histotoxic clostridium
Causes Arthritis (5)
Streptococcus Mycoplasma bovis Lyme disease Chlamydia Erysipelothrix
Causes Osteomyelitis (4)
Trauma/Implants
Coccidomyces (Fungal Inf.)
Brucellosis
Actinomyces bovis
What are the histotoxic Clostridium spp.?
C. chauvoei, C. novyi, C. septicum
NOT C. difficile - causes GI symptoms: overuse of antibiotics
Clostridium septicum…
Malignant edema, Braxy, Necrotic dermatitis (chickens)
T/F - Anaerobic culture of the affected muscles is the best method for Diagnosing infections caused by histotoxic Clostridium.
False. Fluorescent Antibody detection technique
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis…
Johne’s Disease; acid-fast staining; young animals are most susceptible; incubation period up to 2 yrs.; primary hosts - cattle (ruminants); chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis
Why may you get a False negative when testing for Johne’s Disease using an ELISA?
Anergy will cause a False (-) test result in advanced stages of Johne’s Disease.
Mycoplasma bovis…
mycoplasma mastitis
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia…
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (small colony variant); Reportable in the US!
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae…
swine; chronic respiratory disease
Mycoplasma hyorhinis…
young swine; fever, anorexia, listlessness, arthritis, lameness, polyserositis
Mycoplasma haemofelis…
Feline Infectious Anemia
Mycoplasma canis in canine…
urogenital disease - prostatitis, cystitis, endometritis, orchitis
Is Mycoplasma felis found in equine?
yes!
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is found…
widespread in soil and H2O
How do you diagnose Johne’s Disease?
Johnin Hypersensitivity skin test
surgical biopsy from ill-cecal region and culture + PCR
PCR Targets Insertion Sequence: IS900
What is the most important way to prevent/control Johne’s Disease?
Keep the maternity pens clean and disinfected!
What 2 bacteria can cause mammalian tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia…
Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae
Reportable in the US
Contagious agalactia of sheep and goats…
Mycoplasma agalactiae and mycoplasma putrefaciens
Reportable in the US
Clostridium novyi…
histotoxic; myositis; Black Disease (necrotic hepatitis), Gas Gangrene
Clostridium septicum in Sheep…
“Braxy”; toxemia and inflammation of abomasal wall
Clostridium septicum characteristics…
Malignant Edema; necrosis, gangrene, severe edema;affects all ages and species
Necropsy of a sheep with fluid-distended intestine, focal encephalomalacia and rapid-post mortem renal autolysis is typical of what disease?
Pulpy Kidney Disease caused by Clostridium perfringes
When staining with McFaydean’s Methylene Blue for Bacillus anthracis, the capsule will stain…
the capsule will stain as a pink shadow…the bacillus will stain blue
The most common isolate of Botryomycosis…
Staphylococcus aureus
In a group of housed ruminants, you notice several animals developing unilateral facial nerve paralysis, some with the tendency to turn their heads to one side and some that tend to continuously spin in circles in one direction. You most likely diagnosis is…
Listeria monocytogenes
What are the dimorphic yeasts and what is their distribution?
Blastomyces - Distribution: Eastern NA, Middle East, Europe and India
Histoplasma - Distribution: Ohio, Missouri, and Mississippi Rivers
Coccidioides - “Valley Fever” Distribution: Southwestern US, Central/South America
Sporothrix - “Rose Handler’s Disease” Distribution: Tropics/Subtropics
Malassezia pachydermatis…
K9 Otitis externa; seborrheic dermatitis; peanut-shaped/bottle-shaped cells
Candida albicans…
“Germ Tube” formation; “Terry-Toweling”/”Sour Crop”- chickens; Human “Thrush”; Crop mycosis; Digestive and Urogenital tract of calves or poultry
Cryptococcus neoformans…
Large muco-polysaccharide capsule; associated with pigeon droppings; mastitis in cattle; pulmonary or skin lesions in K9, Equine and Feline
Cryptococcus, Cats, Capsule - causes rhinitis in cats
Zoonotic
Sporothrix Schenckii…
Sporotrichosis; cigar-shaped; in CATS, horse, dogs and humans; Zoonotic Transmission from Cats to Humans; systemic mycosis
Aspergillus fumigatus…
Brooder pneumonia; produce pigmentation; chronic airsacculitis; cause abortion in cattle; common in birds, rare in mammals
Coccidioides immitus…
“Valley Fever”; Severe in dogs, humans and primates, granulomas in pulmonary tissues; Direct exam of Spherules in wet mount
Histoplasma capsulatum…
NO CAPSULE; more frequently diagnosed fungus; in soil enriched w/ bird feces; in circulating monocytes and neutrophils; Histoplasmosis in dogs, cats and humans; primarily in pulmonary tissue and GIT
Blastomyces dermatitidits….
very thick wall with broad-based budding; found in dogs (large breed/hunting dogs) and humans; primarily pulmonary but can disseminate to skin, eye and bone - progressive infection in dogs!
Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum…
Epizoonosis lymphangitis; “African Horse Farcy”; Africa, Asia and Middle East (endemic areas); Disseminated disease in dogs and cats - coughing and GI signs (Dyspnea in Cats); Micro: small budding yeasts, biofilm, buffy coat smear
Pythium insidiosum and lagenidum…
Cutaneous pythiosis aka Swamp Cancer; Aquatic organisms; septated hyphae; PCR and ELISA
Coxiella burnetti…
“Q Fever”; bioweapon; reportable; no vector needed; Repro. problems - shedding, vasculitis, placentitis, hepatitis, Fever; Txt: alkalinize the environment
Rickettsia rickettsia..
“Rocky Mtn. Spotted Fever”/”Tick Fever”; Edema, vasculitis, hemorrhage, thrombosis; Vascular endothelial cells; intracellular
Anaplasma marginalis…
undulating Fever; reportable; Msp2 Gene; target RBCs
Ehrlichia ruminatum…
Reportable; replicate in reticuloendothelial cells; in Macrophages, neutrophils and endothelial cells; Hosts: cattle and sheep; “African Heartwater”; severe edema and hydropericardium, vasculitis and effusion, opisthotonos (head/neck extension), tremors and seizures
Ehrlichia canis…
in monocytes and macrophages; nose bleeds, anemia, enlarged spleen and liver
Ehrlichia ewingii…
canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia chaffeenis…
humans; human monocyte ehrlichiosis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum…
in granulocytes; reservoir: rodents and deer; infects neutrophils; zoonotic; immunosuppressive effects
Neorickettsia risticii….
Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis/Equine scours; “potomac horse fever”; watery diarrhea
Neorickettsia helminthoeca…
K9 mononuclear cells; salmon poisoning in dogs - pacific northwest; hemorrhagic diarrhea and lymphadenopathy; no vaccine available