Final Exam Study Questions Flashcards
Why is it important to maintain a normal blood sugar?
- Glucose is the only fuel for the brain and other nervous system under normal conditions
- RBC use glucose as the sole energy source
Helps prevent or delay long-term, serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
LOW & SLOW = HYPO
↓ energy “fatigue, weakness, muscle pains, aches”
↓ metabolism–Weight GAIN/Water Gain (Edema eyes)
↓ digestion “Constipation” NOT diarrhea
↓ HAIR LOSS “alopecia” NOT hirsutism
↓ mental–forgetful, ALOC (altered)
↓ mood–depression, “apathy, confusion”
↓ Libido–Low sex drive, infertile
SLOW DRY skin turgor
↓ & SLOW–menstruation “irregular”
NO period “missed”–Amenorrhea “AMEN no period!” SLOW heavy period–Hypermenorrhea (Hyper Menstruation)
What are the causes of Addison’s Disease?
Addison’s = Decreased Cortisol AND Aldosterone (need to ADD steroid and salt)
- Autoimmune or idiopathic
- Abruptly stopping adrenocortical hormone therapy
- Damage/removal of the adrenal glands
What are the symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome?
“Exaggerated cortisol actions”
Obesity, fat deposits: buffalo hump, moon face
Muscle weakness, wasting
Thin skin, bruises, delayed wound healing
Hyperglycemia, Sodium Retention
Hypertension
Emotional changes
What instructions does a patient need before having an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (also called EGD or upper endoscopy)?
EGD is an endoscopic procedure (Scope) that enters the mouth –> down the esophagus –> into the stomach and duodenum
Done under procedural sedation (also known as conscious sedation)
NPO 8 hrs prior
Do not take blood thinners
Position pt. on their left side
Educate pt. that they may experience belching, gas and/or sore throat 24 hrs after the procedure
When a patient has diverticulitis, what is the priority nursing concern?
At risk for peritonitis (abdominal pain LUQ, rigid “board-like abdomen”)
What are the causes of peptic ulcer disease?
- H. Pylori bacteria
- NSAIDs (Naproxen, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen)
- Stress (prolongs the ulcer)
What are the signs and symptom of acute appendicitis?
Fever low-grade
RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
“Pain between the right hip area & belly button”
–> McBurney’s point
Pain that worsens with coughing, walking or make other jarring movements
What are the nursing interventions post op for a patient who had a bowel resection?
NPO until bowel sounds return (flatulence)
Possible teaching r/t the ostomy
What are the five rights of delegation?
Right…
Task
Circumstances
Person
Direction/Communication
Level of supervision
What nursing tasks can be delegated to a nursing assistant?
Simple, routine tasks such as making unoccupied beds, supervising patient ambulation, assisting with hygiene, and feeding meals
Stable pts
NO ADPIE for NAs and LPNs cannot EAT
What are the different leadership styles?
Authoritative
Laissez-faire
Democratic
In an emergency situation which leadership style is the most effective?
Authoritative
What are the different staffing models?
Case Management: (Total patient care)
Functional nursing
Team nursing (modular nursing is a variation)
Primary nursing
When a patient has end stage renal disease, what treatment would the nurse expect?
Dialysis (peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis)
