Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
What two key Old Testament figures is Matthew’s genealogy is structured around?
Abraham and David
What does form narrative criticism study?
It treats the Gospel as a story
Who dominated the Sanhedrin in Jesus’ day?
Sadducees
Most people in the Roman Empire were from what “class?”
Lower Class
What is the comparison between the number of miracles in Mark’s Gospel versus the other three Gospels.
More miracles
Which Gospel(s) tells us anything about Jesus’ childhood?
Luke
Which is the only Gospel relating that at the transfiguration, Jesus, Moses, and Elijah were discussing Jesus’ coming “departure” or exodus in Jerusalem?
Luke
Whose Gospel places an emphasis on Jesus as the savior for all people.
Luke
What is a “redactor?”
An Editor
Whose Gospel has a larger number of Aramaic words than the other two Synoptics?
Mark
The healing of Jairus’s daughter is an example of which Gospel writer’s concise style?
Mark
At what two significant events does a voice from heaven addresses Jesus in Mark?
Baptism and Transfiguration
What is the Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament called?
Septuagint
Who probably established the Qumran community that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls?
The Essenes
Which Gospel is considered to have been written first by most NT scholars?
Mark
In reference to the text, what does “Synoptic” mean and what are the Synoptic Gospels?
Viewed together
Matthew, Mark, Luke
According to John Dominic Crossan, what did Jesus heal or cure?
Illness
What was the basic premise of the history of religions school?
Religious growth is evolutionary, all religions go from simple to complex
Who authored - The Quest for the Historical Jesus?
Albert Schweitzer
Who was likely the most influential New Testament scholar of the 20th century?
Rudolf Bultman
During what period was Historical Criticism first applied to the Bible?
Enlightenment-17th and 18th Century
Where have the most radical attacks on the historical Jesus in recent years (1980-90s) come from?
Participants of Jesus’ Seminar
Which “criteria of authenticity” claims that a saying of Jesus is authentic if it appears neither in the teaching of Judaism nor in the teaching of first-century Christianity?
Criterion of Dissimilarity
Is there evidence in John’s Gospel of an eyewitness accounts?
Yes
According to the text, did the Gospel writers feel at liberty to paraphrase, interpret or rearrange the words of Jesus or the events of his life?
Yes
What is the relationship do biases and presuppositions have with the writing of history?
It is impossible to have an unbabsis historian
Would most New Testament scholars assert that in most cases we have the exact words of Jesus?
No
Do all four Gospel writers follow chronological order as they report events?
No
How might most of the alleged contradictions between John and the Synoptics be explained? (particular themes)
Contradictions
- Length of ministry: 1 yr v. 2 or 3 (counted by Passovers mentioned)
- Cleansing temple: Syn at end of ministry, John at start
- Relationship of Lord’s Supper and Jesus’ death to passover
What was likely the language Jesus spoke?
Aramaic
Which Gospel reports three Passovers?
John
Which Gospel is famous for abbreviating accounts?
Matthew
Which Gospel is the most interpretive of the Gospels?
John
What is the concept of General Trustworthiness as it relates to the Gospel writers’ reliability?
If the writer is generally reliable and given the benefit of the doubt
Do all translations involve some level of interpretation?
Yes
How did the Jewish authorities treat the “prophets” and “messiahs” arising prior to Jesus?
Reject and Crushed
How was the Pharisees’ piety and spiritual devotion received by people?
They were admired
How well known was John the Baptist in Palestine?
Very well known
What was Jesus’ central message concerning?
Kingdom of God
Which Gospel provides us with the most information concerning the length of Jesus’ ministry?
John
What are the two most likely dates for the year of Jesus’ crucifixion?
AD 30 to AD 33
Who feared that a revolt from John the Baptist’s preaching would bring the Roman-legions and spell disaster for the temple.
Jewish leaders
Which act of kindness was Mediterranean culture founded on?
Reciprocation
What date did the pagan feast of Saturnalia typically fall on?
December 25
Joseph’s occupation, traditionally translated “carpenter,” might have him working with what materials? (More than wood)
Masonry, clay, metal, brick, stone, etc
Is there any information about Jesus’ childhood given in the Gospels.
Yes
From whose perspective is Luke’s birth narrative is told?
Mary
Who ordered the census, requiring Joseph and Mary to return to Bethlehem
Caesar Augustus
Archelaus was whose son?
Herod The Great
What familial relationships would most Roman Catholic theologians have said are shared between Jesus & His siblings? (following the interpretation of Jerome)
Cousin
Which Gospel provides the only biblical account from Jesus’ childhood?
Luke
In which Old Testament book is Bethlehem prophesied as the birthplace of the coming ruler?
Micah
The Gospels report that Jesus had how many brothers?
Four
Did John the Baptist ever have doubts that Jesus was the Messiah?
Yes
Who asked Herod for the head of John the Baptist
Salome on behalf of her mom Herodias
Why was Herod’s marriage to Herodias such a problem for John the Baptist?
That was his brothers wife. Because Philip wasn’t dead yet
Which Gospel provides information concerning the early life of John the Baptist?
Luke
Some speculate that John the Baptist may have had contact with which monastic community?
Qumran
John the Baptist’s ministry was across Jordan from what territory?
Samaria
What are the most undisputed historical events of Jesus’ life?
Baptism and Crucifixion
By what means did John the Baptist die?
He was beheaded
Why did Herod Antipas have John the Baptist beheaded?
Salome pleased Antipas for her mom Herodias and so she requested Johns head and Antipas went with it
Does Hebrew poetry normally rhyme?
No
According to the text, when Jesus speaks of blessings for the “poor,” which poverty is He referring to?
No money, literal poverty
What was the “tradition of the elders”?
Oral law transcribed in the rabbinic writings
What is the relationship between the study of miracles to scientific investigation and historical research?
Miracles are outside the realm of scientific inquiry but can be studied historically
When the disciples of John the Baptist ask Jesus on behalf of John if he is the “coming one”, what did He say?
Report back and see
The most significant philosophical opposition to the miraculous came from which eighteenth century philosopher?
David Hume
Who was the Jewish charismatic rabbi, whose prayers for rain were reportedly answered?
Honi
According to the text, what was the primary purpose for Jesus’ healings and exorcisms in the Synoptic Gospels?
To reveal the power of the Kingdom of God
The accounts in the Gospels where Jesus raises people from the dead are best understood as what or by what term?
Resuscitation
Under whose authority did Jesus heal someone, or to cast out demons?
Under his own authority
Who is considered the most prominent of the disciples?
Peter
Who was the first of the apostles to be martyred?
James
Traditionally, who is believed to be the youngest of the apostles?
John the Apostle
The phrase “Our Lord Comes!” is translated from which Aramaic phrase?
Maranatha
What was Jesus’ favorite title for himself?
Son of Man
The Old Testament predictions concerning God’s salvation and the Gentiles took two distinct streams in Judaism. With which did Jesus identify?
Salvation to all nations, Israel is to be a light to all nations
The Greek word amēn comes from a Hebrew word meaning
Confirmed or Verified
According to most contemporary scholars today, who must have played some role in Jesus’ death - the Romans or the Jewish authorities?
Both
The evidence confirms that Jesus was executed by the Romans under what charge?
Sedition
Historical evidence confirms that in Jesus’ day, the charge of blasphemy could be made against someone for doing/saying what?
Taking the Lords name in vain, insulting religious leaders, idolatry
How did the Jews carry out capital punishment?
Stoning
How did the Romans carry out capital punishment?
Crucifixion
According to the Mishnah, when/where was the Sanhedrin NOT allowed to meet?
At night, evening of Passover, at high priest house
Jesus was first sent to whom? (the former priest)
Annas
During the Passion week, Jesus found the money changers in what part of the Temple?
Court of Gentiles
What location did Jesus carry His cross to? (where he was crucified)
“The place of the skull”
Know the Events of the Passion Week
Sunday- entrance into Jerusalem
Monday- cleansing temple and curse of fig tree
Tuesday- withering of fig tree seen by disciples, temple controversies, and Olivet discourse Wednesday- nothing
Thursday- Last supper, betrayal and arrest, and trial before annas and caiaphas
Friday- morning trial by Sanhedrin, trail before Pilate and Herod, crucifixion and burial Sabbath- rested in tomb
Sunday- resurrection and ascension
What would virtually no credible historian today deny about Jesus’ life/death?
That he was crucified by the romans, was buried in the tomb of Joseph of aromatherapy, had silky smooth skin,
Is there a well developed theology of the resurrection in the Old Testament?
No
In what way is the Jewish claim that the disciples stole the body (Matt. 28:11-15) indirect evidence for the resurrection?
The body was gone
What group did not believe in the afterlife or the resurrection of the body?
Sadducees
The women were told to tell the disciples to go where?
Galilee
Which Gospel recounts Jesus’ appearance to two disciples as they were traveling to Emmaus?
Luke
Where did the disciples receive the Great Commission?
Galilee
Which writer, who provides the earliest written testimony of the resurrection, claims that more than 500 people saw Jesus alive?
Paul
According to the Gospels, Jesus was buried in whose tomb?
Joseph of Arimathea
