Final Exam Study Guide

Question 1

Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229)

Answer 1

Cathar Crusade, 20 year campaign by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Cathars in Southern France.

Question 2

Anabaptists (started 1525)

Answer 2

More radical movement of protestants. Became Quakers, Baptists and Mennonites. Believed in Adult Baptism

Question 3

Assarting

Answer 3

Clearing land for agricultural and industrial purposes. Easter Expansion

Question 4

Bartome De Las Casas

Answer 4

either 1474 or 1484 to 1566. Spain. Early spanish historian and dominican missionary who was first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by the Europeans in the Americas. called for abolition of slaver

Question 5

Beguine

Answer 5

First womens movement in christian history. took no permanent vows, supported themselves through manual labor. Remain celibate. flourished in the thirteenth and fourteenth century. Marguerite de Porete “mirror of simple souls” 1290

Question 6

Caroline Minuscule (9th Century)

Answer 6

Clear and manageable script that was established in educational reforms of Charlemagne in latter half of 8th century. Survives as basis of present day roman upper and lowercase type

Question 7

Fief (approx 1000-1400)

Answer 7

Estate of land, especially one held on condition of fuedal service

Question 8

Gothic Architecture (12-13th centuries)

Answer 8

Rib vaulting, flying buttresses, pointed arches and stained glass

Question 9

Heliocentrism (developed 15-16th venturies)

Answer 9

astronomical model with the planets orbiting the sun. developed by Nicholas Copernicus and Galileo Galilei.

Question 10

Humanism

Answer 10

Interest in human history, dynamic of human success and failure

Question 11

Jan Hus (1372-1415)

Answer 11

Bohemian Educated at University of Prague. Ordained priest in 1402. Early reformer. declared a heretic and burned at the stake in 1415.

Question 12

Jesuits (1540)

Answer 12

founded by Ignatius Loyola, new kind of catholic monk. Highly educated, young missionaries

Question 13

Jizya (late 600’s)

Answer 13

Poll tax paid by non muslims and in turn they received protection, and right to practice their religion.

Question 14

Mestizo (1600’s)

Answer 14

Mixed race population in spanish colonies

Question 15

Middle Passage (1619)

Answer 15

The crossing of the Atlantic where the slave trade took place. connected Africa to the Americas

Question 16

Mouldboard Plough (1000)

Answer 16

Replacement for the scratch plough. Required larger draft animals. Horses with collars rather than oxen teams. led to crop rotation

Question 17

Saladin (1137-1193)

Answer 17

Muslim military and political leader who led islamic forces during the crusades. Conquered Jerusalem and other holy land cities. Used Jihad to justify Conquest

Question 18

Genghis Khan (1167-1225)

Answer 18

Known as the universal ruler by the mongols. United eastern Steppe through conquest and alliances. controlled central and most of southwest asia.

Question 19

Vassal

Answer 19

Part of the fuedal system. worked on fiefs even though they didnt own land. Payment through service.

Question 20

Yuan Dynasty (13th Century)

Answer 20

First Foreign dynasty to rule all of China. Established by Kublai Khan.

Question 21

Florentine Catasto (1427)

Answer 21

Italian land registration system used in florence to track land holdings.

Question 22

You are living in Syria in 600CE then suddenly transported 100 years in furture to 700 CE. What has Changed what has remained the same?

Answer 22

-Persians to Muslims
-Muhammad was born
-Abu Bakr is Caliph, Umayyad Dynasty
-Greek to Arabic
Still features of Persian/Roman govt. and currency

Question 23

Song of Roland, best examples of knights are friends, Roland and Oliver. How do they embody the medieval concept of Chivalry? Can the be called perfect knights?

Answer 23

Roland: skillful and bold warrior, understand frankish campaign in a crusade and allows no compromise with saracens. Dies a martyr.
Oliver: Gallant warrior. wise. brave

Question 24

Compare and contrast Niccolo Machiavelli and John of Salisbury’s advice to their respective rulers.

Answer 24

Machiavelli: political expediency is placed above morality and use of craft and deceit to maintain authority is described.
Salisbury: Divine source allowed ruler to wage just wars and required all subjects to submit to ruler will. Four responsibilities- revere God, adore his subjects, exert self-discipline and instruct his ministers. Err on the side of mercy and compassion when enforcing laws.