Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229)
Cathar Crusade, 20 year campaign by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Cathars in Southern France.
Anabaptists (started 1525)
More radical movement of protestants. Became Quakers, Baptists and Mennonites. Believed in Adult Baptism
Assarting
Clearing land for agricultural and industrial purposes. Easter Expansion
Bartome De Las Casas
either 1474 or 1484 to 1566. Spain. Early spanish historian and dominican missionary who was first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by the Europeans in the Americas. called for abolition of slaver
Beguine
First womens movement in christian history. took no permanent vows, supported themselves through manual labor. Remain celibate. flourished in the thirteenth and fourteenth century. Marguerite de Porete “mirror of simple souls” 1290
Caroline Minuscule (9th Century)
Clear and manageable script that was established in educational reforms of Charlemagne in latter half of 8th century. Survives as basis of present day roman upper and lowercase type
Fief (approx 1000-1400)
Estate of land, especially one held on condition of fuedal service
Gothic Architecture (12-13th centuries)
Rib vaulting, flying buttresses, pointed arches and stained glass
Heliocentrism (developed 15-16th venturies)
astronomical model with the planets orbiting the sun. developed by Nicholas Copernicus and Galileo Galilei.
Humanism
Interest in human history, dynamic of human success and failure
Jan Hus (1372-1415)
Bohemian Educated at University of Prague. Ordained priest in 1402. Early reformer. declared a heretic and burned at the stake in 1415.
Jesuits (1540)
founded by Ignatius Loyola, new kind of catholic monk. Highly educated, young missionaries
Jizya (late 600’s)
Poll tax paid by non muslims and in turn they received protection, and right to practice their religion.
Mestizo (1600’s)
Mixed race population in spanish colonies
Middle Passage (1619)
The crossing of the Atlantic where the slave trade took place. connected Africa to the Americas
Mouldboard Plough (1000)
Replacement for the scratch plough. Required larger draft animals. Horses with collars rather than oxen teams. led to crop rotation
Saladin (1137-1193)
Muslim military and political leader who led islamic forces during the crusades. Conquered Jerusalem and other holy land cities. Used Jihad to justify Conquest
Genghis Khan (1167-1225)
Known as the universal ruler by the mongols. United eastern Steppe through conquest and alliances. controlled central and most of southwest asia.
Vassal
Part of the fuedal system. worked on fiefs even though they didnt own land. Payment through service.
Yuan Dynasty (13th Century)
First Foreign dynasty to rule all of China. Established by Kublai Khan.
Florentine Catasto (1427)
Italian land registration system used in florence to track land holdings.
You are living in Syria in 600CE then suddenly transported 100 years in furture to 700 CE. What has Changed what has remained the same?
-Persians to Muslims
-Muhammad was born
-Abu Bakr is Caliph, Umayyad Dynasty
-Greek to Arabic
Still features of Persian/Roman govt. and currency
Song of Roland, best examples of knights are friends, Roland and Oliver. How do they embody the medieval concept of Chivalry? Can the be called perfect knights?
Roland: skillful and bold warrior, understand frankish campaign in a crusade and allows no compromise with saracens. Dies a martyr.
Oliver: Gallant warrior. wise. brave
Compare and contrast Niccolo Machiavelli and John of Salisbury’s advice to their respective rulers.
Machiavelli: political expediency is placed above morality and use of craft and deceit to maintain authority is described.
Salisbury: Divine source allowed ruler to wage just wars and required all subjects to submit to ruler will. Four responsibilities- revere God, adore his subjects, exert self-discipline and instruct his ministers. Err on the side of mercy and compassion when enforcing laws.
