Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
Which of the following is not a concept of cell theory?
a. cellular activity has no relationship to the relative number of specific sub cellular structures
b. the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
c. organismal activity depends on individual and collective activity of cells
d. continuity of life has a cellular basis
a. cellular activity has no relationship to the number of specific sub cellular structure
Which of the following would not be a component of a plasma membrane?
a. glycolipids
b. phospholipids
c. glycoproteins
d. proteoglycans
d. proteoglycans
The plasma membrane (cell membrane) is…
a. a structure that plays no role in cellular activity
b. a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma
c. an impermeable wall around the cell
d. a selectively permeable membrane
d. a selectively permeable membrane
Cholesterol in the cell membrane…
a. helps transport proteins across the cell membrane
b. serves as a biological marker on the cell surface
c. helps stabilize membrane fluidity
d. forms a non-polar interior of the membrane
c. helps stabilize membrane fluidity
Which of the following is true of phospholipids?
a. phospholipids are membrane lipids with bound carbohydrate chains
b. their hydrophobic tails make up the interior of the cell membrane
c. they have hydrophilic “tails” and hydrophobic “heads”
d. Their hydrophilic heads make up the interior of the cell membrane
b. their hydrophobic tails make up the interior of the cell membrane
Which is not a function of a membrane protein?
a. transport
b. cell/cell recognition
c. transcription
d. enzymatic activity
c. transcription
The fingerlike projections of the cell membrane that increase membrane surface area are called:
a. microtubules
b. membrane vesicles
c. microvilli
d. cilia
c. microvilli
An anchoring junction consisting of an internal protein plaque and external linker proteins is called a ______?
a. conjunction junction
b. tight junction
c. gap junction
d. desmosome
d. desmosome
The glycocalyx:
a. provides for a smooth, uniform coating of lipids on the outer surface of the cell membrane.
b. consists of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface
c. provides biological markers on the interior surface of the cell membrane
d. is composed of cholesterol and phospholipids
b. consists of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface
Non-polar, lipid-soluble substances pass through the cell membrane by:
a. simple diffusion
b. primary active transport
c. osmosis
d. facilitated diffusion
a. simple diffusion
Osmosis is:
a. The movement of water from a hypertonic solution into the cell
b. diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
c. a form of active transport using ATP for energy to transport water through protein channels
b. diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
If animal cells were placed in a hypotonic solution, what would happen?
A. the cells will lose water and shrink
b. the cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent
c. the cells will lose weight due to water loss
d. the cells will gain water and swell
d. the cells will gain water and swell
A hypotonic solution is:
a. a solution with lower concentrations of solutes than inside the cell
b. a solution with the same concentrations of solutes as inside the cell
c. a solution that will cause water to leave the cell if a cell is placed in it.
d. a solution with higher concentrations of solutes than inside the cell
a. a solution with lower concentrations of solutes than inside the cell
Filtration is:
A. the passage of water and solutes through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure
b. the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
c. filtering all the solutes out of a water solution
d. the pushing of water to a higher pressure area
a. the passage of water and solutes through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure
Which of the following membrane processes requires the use of ATP?
a. filtration
b. simple diffusion
c. facilitated diffusion
d. pinocytosis
d. pinocytosis
Which transport process is the main mechanism for the specific uptake of macromolecules by body cells?
a. secondary active transport
b. phagocytosis
c. receptor-mediated endocytosis
d. pinocytosis
c. receptor mediated endocytosis
Pinocytosis is an example of:
a. exocytosis
b. phagocytosis
c. passive transport
d. endocytosis
d. endocytosis
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?
a. membrane potential is voltage across a membrane
b. the resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium-potassium pump
c. the resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to k+ and Na+ ions
d. the resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes
d. the resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes
Binding of a ligand to a G protein-linked receptor:
a. is an example of electrical signaling
b. activates a G protein that relays the message to an effector protein
c. destroys the ligand so that the signal is amplified
d. causes a single, immediate response from the cell
b. activates a G protein that relays the message to an effector protein
The binding of a ligand to a membrane receptor causing a direct cellular response is an example of:
a. electrical signaling
b. contact signaling
c. chemical signaling
d. second messenger systems
c. chemical signaling
Pick the pair of terms that correctly completes the sentence: DNA is coiled around eight______ to form a _______, the fundamental unit of chromatin.
a. nucleosomes, histone protein
b. histone proteins, nucleosome
c. nucleosomes, chromosome
d. histone proteins, chromosome
b. histone proteins, nucleosome
Non-coding regions of DNA within a gene are called:
a. exons
b. codons
c. introns
c. introns
A gene can be defined as:
a. a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for a polypeptide chain
b. an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide
c. non-coding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long
d. a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid.
a. a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for a polypeptide chain.
