Final Exam Study Guide

Question 1

Objective vs Subjective
1. Which of the following is an example of objective data?

A. The patient is crying
B. The patient states he is unhappy with his care
C. The patient reports he threw up
D. The patient is experiencing shortness of breath

Answer 1

A. The patient is crying

Question 2

The Nursing Process
2. A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of severe chest pain. The nurse asks the patient questions and takes vital signs. Which step of the nursing process is the nurse demonstrating?

A. Implementing
B. Diagnosing
C. Planning
D. Assessing

Answer 2

Answer: D. Assessing

Question 3

3. Why is communication so important to the assessment phase of the nursing process?

A. Written information is rarely used in assessing
B. The major focus of assessment is to gather information
C. Assessing is primarily focused on physical findings
D. Assessment involves nonverbal behavior

Answer 3

Answer: B. The major focus of assessment is to gather information

Question 4

Acute vs Chronic Disease
4. What is the difference between acute disease and a chronic disease?

A. A chronic disease takes longer to start but does not last as long as an acute disease
B. An acute disease is more severe than a chronic disease
C. An acute disease has a shorter duration than a chronic disease
D. A chronic disease is temporary while an acute disease is irreversible

Answer 4

Answer: C. An acute disease has a shorter duration than a chronic disease

Question 5

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Prevention
5. Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention?
A. Conducting a class on the dangers of smoking
B. Teaching a boy with a new cast how to use crutches
C. Doing annual mammogram for breast cancer screening
D. Creating COVID vaccine flyers for a long-term care facility

Answer 5

Answer: C. Doing annual mammogram for breast cancer screening

Question 6

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Prevention
6. Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention? (select all that apply)

A. Conducting a class on the dangers of smoking
B. Teaching a boy with a new cast how to use crutches
C. Doing annual mammogram for breast cancer screening
D. Creating COVID vaccine flyers for a long-term care facility

Answer 6

Answer: A,D

Question 7

Patient Safety
7. Prior to a new patient arriving on the floor, which action of the nurse is most important?

A. Make sure the patient’s name is on the bed
B. Make sure the call bell is attached to the bed
C. Make sure the bed wheels are locked
D. Make sure the head of the bed is elevated

Answer 7

Answer: C. Make sure the bed wheels are locked

Question 8

Patient Safety
8. The new patient arriving to the floor is an older adult. Which action of the nurse can enhance an older adult’s sensory perception and help to prevent injury when walking from the bed to the bathroom?
A. Providing adequate lighting
B. Talking louder and slower
C. Giving the patient a walker
D. Removing environmental hazards that the patient could trip on

Answer 8

Answer: A. Providing adequate lighting

Question 9

Patterns of Knowing
9. Which of the following patterns of knowing requires the nurse to act as an advocate for patients who experience health disparities related to social disadvantage?

A. Empirical
B. Aesthetic
C. Emancipatory
D. Ethical

Answer 9

Answer: C. Emancipatory

Question 10

Bioethics
10. A nursing professor provides an extensive final exam study guide to assist as many students as possible at once, rather than holding individual office hours with a few students. The professor is expressing her support for which of the following?

A. Deontology
B. Autonomy
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Utilitarianism

Answer 10

Answer: D. Utilitarianism

Question 11

11. What is the main purpose of the NCLEX?

A. To guarantee safe nursing care for all patients
B. To ensure standard nursing care for all patients
C. To assure various publics that an individual has mastered a body of knowledge and acquired skills in a particular specialty
D. To provide proof of a basic level of knowledge for all registered nursing caring for all patients

Answer 11

Answer: D. To provide proof of a basic level of knowledge for all registered nursing caring for all patients

Question 12

12. A nursing student acting in the role of a patient advocate would do which of the following?

A. Working with the clinical instructor to bring medication to a patient when it is due
B. Collaborating with fellow nursing students to perform a bed bath
C. Informing the clinical instructor that the patient is reporting that their headache has not improved with the administered Tylenol
D. Performing a nursing discharge education regarding newly prescribed medications for the patient and family

Answer 12

Answer: C. Informing the clinical instructor that the patient is reporting that their headache has not improved with the administered Tylenol

Question 13

Nursing Education
13. Which of the following is an example of continuing education for nurses?

A.Attending a five-day heart failure conference
B. Attending a hospital orientation program when first hired
C. Auditing patient chart after a fatal medication error
D. Attending a pharmaceutical representative session on how to use the latest feeding tube supplies

Answer 13

Answer: A.Attending a five-day heart failure conference

Question 14

Palliative Care
14. What is the difference between hospice and palliative care?

A.Palliative care is a form of hospice
B. Medicare covers palliative care but not hospice care
C. Palliative care is not restricted to end of life care while hospice care focuses on the last 6 months of life
D. Hospice care is delivered in a hospital while palliative care can be provided at home

Answer 14

Answer: C. Palliative care is not restricted to end of life care while hospice care focuses on the last 6 months of life

Question 15

Health Insurance
15. Which healthcare coverage is a federally funded public assistance program for low income citizens without regard to age?

A.Medicare
B.Medicaid
C.CHIP
D.VNA

Answer 15

Answer: B. Medicaid

Question 16

Legal
16. A nursing student is attempting to administer medications with their assigned nurse. The patient begins to yell that they do not want to take any medications and knocks the pills out of the nursing student’s hand. The nurse grabs the pills off the floor and states that if the patient doesn’t apologize and take the pills they will call security to restrain the patient. What legal violation is this considered?

A. Assault
B. Battery
C. Fraud
D. Defamation of character

Answer 16

Answer: A. Assault

Question 17

Education
17. Fill in the blanks: _______ is a process that evaluates and recognizes educational programs as having met certain level of standards. On the other hand, ________ is provided to the individual to gain an objective measure of their competency and establish authority within a specific industry.

A.Validation
B.Accreditation
C.Certification
D.Licensure

Answer 17

Answer: B. Accreditation, C. Certification

Question 18

18. After a code blue, the nurses involved leave the floor for a 15 minute break. They sit at a cafeteria table to discuss how the code could have gone better. What possible legal violation is this action?

A.The Nurse Practice Act
B.The hospital policy and procedures
C.Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
D.The hospital’s risk management program

Answer 18

Answer: C.Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Question 19

Ethical Principles
19. A patient declines to sign informed consent for a life saving treatment due to her religious views. This is based on which ethical principle?

A. Beneficence
B. Justice
C. Nonmaleficence
D. Autonomy

Answer 19

Answer: D. Autonomy

Question 20

Licensure
20. A nurse comes into work chemically impaired. What governing body has the authority to revoke or suspend this nurse’s license?

A.The National League for Nursing
B.The employing healthcare institution
C.The Supreme Court
D.The State Board of Nurse Examiners

Answer 20

Answer: D.The State Board of Nurse Examiners

Question 21

Therapeutic Communication
21. A nurse enters the patient’s room after morning rounds and finds the patient crying. The patient is quiet and withdrawn, not responding to the nurse’s initial “good morning” greeting. The nurse says, “You seem very sad today.” What communication technique is this?

A. Examining
B. Reflecting
C. Clarifying
D. Sharing observations

Answer 21

Answer: D. Sharing observations

Question 22

Therapeutic Communication
22. A nursing student says, “I don’t know if I will make it through this semester”. Which response by the nursing professor will most easily block further communication?

A. You sound worried
B. You think you will fail?
C. Finals week can be very frightening
D. Everything will be fine

Answer 22

Answer: D. Everything will be fine

Question 23

23. A nurse is teaching a patient how to administer insulin with the expected outcome that the patient will be able to self-administer the insulin injection. How would this outcome be evaluated?

A.Ask the patient how comfortable he or she is with injections
B. Ask the patient to demonstrate a self-injection of insulin
C. Ask the family members how the patient is doing with self-injections
D. Ask the patient to verbally repeat the steps of the injection technique

Answer 23

Answer: B. Ask the patient to demonstrate a self-injection of insulin

Question 24

24. What is a SMART learning goal?
    A. specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, timely
    B. subjective, medications, achievable, realistic, treatment
    C. specific, medications, articulated, relevant, testing
    D. scientific, measurable, achievable, relevant, treatment

Answer 24

Answer: A. specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, timely

Question 25

25. When asked to describe the differences between ethnicity and race, what should the student nurse explain?

A.Race and ethnicity are both culturally determined concepts

B. Race and ethnicity can be considered to be synonymous in the context of healthcare

C. Race is based on an individual’s cultural history and is independent of ethnicity

D. Race denotes physical characteristics while ethnicity is rooted in a common heritage

Answer 25

Answer: D. Race denotes physical characteristics while ethnicity is rooted in a common heritage

Question 26

26. A Korean speaking patient is being seen for hypertension. She is accompanied by an interpreter. When communicating through an interpreter, which is most important for the nurse to do?

A.Speak to the patient rather than the interpreter
B. Speak slowly
C. Do not use metaphors
D. Face the interpreter rather than the patient

Answer 26

Answer: A.Speak to the patient rather than the interpreter

Question 27

27. What is the most common cause of error within health care settings?

A. Uncaring professionals
B. Incompetent caregivers
C. Communication problems between caregivers
D. Use of computerized documentation system

Answer 27

Answer: C. Communication problems between caregivers

Question 28

28. The first, and most important step in providing culturally competent nursing care is which of the following?

A. Asking the patient her place of birth
B. Assessing your own cultural values and beliefs
C. Ascertaining the patient’s adherence to his/her cultural norms
D. Researching how cultural groups interact with health care

Answer 28

Answer: B. Assessing your own cultural values and beliefs

Question 29

29. What is the best way for the nurse to interact physically with a patient who has a different cultural perspective on space and distance?

A. Remember not to intrude into the personal space of the elderly.
B. Sit three to six feet away from the patient in an attempt to not offend.
C. Realize that sitting close to the patient is an indication of warmth and caring.
D. Know the patient’s cultural personal space preferences.

Answer 29

Answer: D. Know the patient’s cultural personal space preferences.

Question 30

30. The nurse is caring for a patient of Asian descent who speaks very little English. The nurse is especially concerned and attempts to develop a trusting relationship with the patient. She does this knowing that

A. Cultural assessment needs to be done quickly to provide the best care early.
B. Miscommunication cannot be tolerated in cultural assessment.
C. The goal is to get the patient to conform to American health care norms.
D. Cultural assessment is intrusive in contrast to other types of interviews.

Answer 30

Answer: D. Cultural assessment is intrusive in contrast to other types of interviews.

Question 31

31. When a nursing professor tells a coworker that male nursing students probably should not become nurses because “men don’t know how to show emotions,” the nursing professor is expressing a belief known as what?

A. Stigma
B. Ethnic slur
C. Bias
D. Stereotyping

Answer 31

Answer: D. Stereotyping

Question 32

32. A nurse using the principle-based approach to patient care seeks to avoid causing harm to patients in all situations. What is this principle known as?

A. Nonmaleficence

B. Justice

C. Fidelity

D. Autonomy

E. Beneficence

Answer 32

Answer: A. Nonmaleficence

Question 33

33. A nurse using the principle-based approach to patient care seeks to do good in all situations. What is this principle known as?

A. Nonmaleficence

B. Justice

C. Fidelity

D. Autonomy

E. Beneficence

Answer 33

Answer: E. Beneficence

Question 34

34. A nurse using the principle-based approach to patient care seeks to keep all promises to their patients in all situations. What is this principle known as?

A. Nonmaleficence

B. Justice

C. Fidelity

D. Autonomy

E. Beneficence

Answer 34

Answer: C. Fidelity

Question 35

35. A nurse using the principle-based approach to patient care seeks to fairly triage patients after a mass casualty disaster. What is this principle known as?

A. Nonmaleficence

B. Justice

C. Fidelity

D. Autonomy

E. Beneficence

Answer 35

Answer: B. Justice

Question 36

36. What is one method by which a nurse can be a role model to promote health in the community?

A.Demonstrating a healthy lifestyle

B. Sharing personal experiences of being a patient

C. Meeting own basic needs

Answer 36

Answer: A.Demonstrating a healthy lifestyle

Question 37

37. Which should the nurse include when caring for a client of a different​ culture?

A. Enforce use of specialty practitioners.
B. Be nonjudgmental in healthcare beliefs.
C. Instruct client to take ordered medications.
D. Enforce use of Western healthcare practices.

Answer 37

Answer: B. Be nonjudgmental in healthcare beliefs.

Question 38

38. The nurse is reviewing the medical records of a small urgent care clinic to identify patients who may be considered vulnerable. Which patients should the nurse include? (Select all that​ apply.)

A. A​ 42-year-old man with a psychiatric history who lives in his car in a nearby park
B. A​ 32-year-old woman who lists the local shelter as her home address
C. A​ 17-year-old teenager enrolled in an afterschool​ boys’ and​ girls’ program
D. A​ 22-year-old woman who is crying and anxious due to fighting with her roommate
E. An​ 82-year-old man living alone with no family nearby

Answer 38

Answer: A,C,E

Question 39

39. Which is an accurate description of the term transsexual​?

A. Transsexuals perceive themselves as having the “wrong body”
B. Transsexuals are individuals born with anatomical characteristics that do not seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male
C. Transsexuals have negative feelings or behaviors toward gays or lesbians.
D. Transsexuals demonstrate preferences toward one gender group over another.

Answer 39

Answer: A. Transsexuals perceive themselves as having the “wrong body”

Question 40

40. Which are examples of nonverbal​ communication?
    ​(Select all that​ apply.)
    A. Lack of eye contact
    B. Crossed arms
    C. Sitting forward in a chair
    D. Yelling
    E. Blushing

Answer 40

Answer: A,B,C,E

Question 41

41. 47-year-old man, wants to postpone his prostate surgery because his family will be gathering for Hanukkah on that day. What is an appropriate nursing​ response?

A. The nurse should inform the surgeon of the scheduling problem and advocate for rescheduling the nonemergency procedure as soon as possible.
B. The nurse should inform the client that his surgery may have to be postponed indefinitely.
C. The nurse should insist that the client keep the surgery date.
D. The nurse should ask the client whether his family will really mind if he​ doesn’t join them for the holy

Answer 41

Answer: A. The nurse should inform the surgeon of the scheduling problem and advocate for rescheduling the nonemergency procedure as soon as possible.

Question 42

42. An older adult, age​ 82, tells the nurse that the surgeon to whom they were referred told them that surgeons do not do hip replacement surgeries on old people. How would the nurse describe the​ surgeon’s attitude?

A. The surgeon is demonstrating racism.
B. The surgeon is demonstrating stereotyping.
C. The surgeon is demonstrating cultural assimilation.
D. The surgeon is demonstrating cultural bias.

Answer 42

Answer: B. The surgeon is demonstrating stereotyping.

Question 43

43. A nursing student caring for an unconscious client knows that communication is important even if the client does not respond. Which nonverbal action by the nursing student would communicate caring?

A.Making constant eye contact with the client

B. Saying hello to the client when entering the room

C. Sighing frequently while providing care

D. Holding the client’s hand while talking

E. Explaining what is going to be done prior to touching the patient

Answer 43

Answer: D. Holding the client’s hand while talking

Question 44

44. What is the term that describes the inability of a person to recognize his or her own values, beliefs, and practices as well as those of others, because of strong ethnocentric tendencies?

A. Acculturation

B. Cultural imposition

C. Cultural blindness

D. Stereotyping

Answer 44

Answer: C. Cultural blindness

Question 45

45. A float nurse is working in labor and delivery. The patients requests that the nurse make the bed while the patient is walking around the hall. The nurse responds, “I am not making the bed when you’re in a dirty gown. I will do it after you come back and have showered” What is the term for the nurse’s belief?

A. Prejudice
B. Separatism
C. Ethnocentrism
D. Bias

Answer 45

Answer: C. Ethnocentrism

Question 46

46. Before developing a procedure, a nurse reviews all current research-based literature on insertion of a nasogastric tube. What type of nursing will be practiced based on this review?

A. Institutional practice
B. Authoritative nursing
C. Evidence-based nursing
D. Factual-based nursing

Answer 46

Answer: C. Evidence-based nursing

Question 47

47. A nurse educator uses models of health and illness when teaching. Which model of health and illness places high-level health and death on opposite ends of a graduated scale?

A. Health-Illness Continuum
B. Agent-Host-Environment Model
C. Health Belief Model
D. Health Promotion Model

Answer 47

Answer: A. Health-Illness Continuum

Question 48

48. A nursing instructor is teaching a class about ethical principles to a group of nursing students. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students give which of the following as a example of nonmaleficence?

A. Performing dressing changes to promote wound healing.
B. Protecting clients from a chemically impaired practitioner.
C. Providing emotional support to clients who are anxious.
D. Administering pain medications to a client in pain.

Answer 48

Answer: B. Protecting clients from a chemically impaired practitioner.

Question 49

49. Which of the following actions best indicates veracity?

A. leaving the patient alone to make independent decisions
B. returning at the time you promised
C. telling your patient the truth
D. maintaining your patient’s confidentiality

Answer 49

Answer: C. telling your patient the truth

Question 50

50. A nursing student is caring for a prison inmate who was found guilty of stealing. The patient opens up and says they got caught stealing toys for their kids for Christmas. The nursing student reflects on their own values about this issue while caring the patient. Which one of Carper’s Patterns of Knowing is the nurse using?

A. Empirical
B. Ethical
C. Aesthetical
D. Personal

Answer 50

Answer: D. Personal