Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards by Brody Morris

What is the traditional project delivery process?

Design / Bid / Build

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What is the delivery process when design and construction are offered by the same
entity/firm?

Design / Build

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Who does the project manager work for?

Owner

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What is the copyrighted organizing system for construction specifications called?

MasterFormat

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What should the architect consult first on a building project, zoning or codes?

Zoning

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The building codes match _______ and _________?

Construction Types and Use
Groups

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How many construction types are there?

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What construction type is the most fire resistant?

Type 1 (concrete)

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What is LEED?

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. A rating system that offers credits for energy-saving features and sustainability

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What is a “net zero energy” building?

A building that uses no more energy than it
produces

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What is OSHA?

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (regulates jobsite
safety)

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What is ADA?

Americans with Disabilities Act (a civil right)

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What type of settlement must be avoided?

Differential

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What is the most desirable soil type for building on?

Bedrock (igneous stone)

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What soil can be unstable due to shrinking and swelling?

Clay

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What is the term for a system of walls that supports the soil during construction of the
foundations?

Excavation Sheeting

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What is the permanent sheeting system used for the World Trade Center in NY?

Slurry Wall

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What is the term for the anchors that are drilled diagonally through a slurry wall?

Tieback

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What is the process for artificially changing the water table around a foundation?

De-watering

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What is the water-repelling membrane product that is commonly used for concrete foundation walls?

Drainage mat

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Concrete caissons are a deep foundation system. What does “caisson” refer to?

a wooden structure that allows for excavation to occur under water (as for bridge foundations)

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Concrete footings (of various types) are classified as ______ foundation systems?

Shallow

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The basement of a building is known as the ________.

Substructure

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What is a “slump test”?

an on-site test that measures water content of the mix

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What is the raw ingredient of CEMENT, that is the result of raw materials being burned and then mixed with gypsum?

Clinker

What are FORM TIES?

Steel or plastic rods with fasteners on either end that hold formwork together for concrete walls

Concrete cures by heat of ____________?

Hydration

What are the main ingredients of concrete?

Cement, fine and coarse aggregates and water

_______ are added to the concrete mix to enhance it’s working properties, such as strength, workability, curing time, surface hardness…

Admixtures

What is the difference between pre-tensioning and post-tensioning of concrete?

Pre-T is done off site, in a controlled environment (precast concrete), Post-T is done on-site, after the concrete has cured

What is the difference between a ONE-WAY frame system and a TWO-WAY frame system?

One Way involves only two lines of parallel support (column lines or walls) and a single load path in one direction. Two Way action involves support working in two directions -and load traveling in two directions

What building has the largest un-reinforced concrete dome in the world?

Pantheon, Rome

What is the mechanical device called that is used for post-tensioning on site?

Ram

Steel reinforcing bars are sized in increments of _____?

1/8”

What kind of formwork system is commonly used for elevator cores in buildings?

Slip-forming

What is the typical curing time for sitecast concrete?

21-28 days

What is the term for the temporary wooden or steel supports for concrete floors that are necessary during the curing period?

Shoring

What is the unit used to measure the compressive strength of concrete?

pounds per square inch, or PSI

What is the minimum dimension required between the reinforcing steel and the edge of the formwork (for fire and corrosion protection)?

2 inches

Who invented the first true system of sitecast concrete reinforcing?

Francois Hennebique, a 19th C. French building contractor

What is the most widely used method of making bricks today?

stiff mud process

What is the ingredient in mortar that makes it “workable”?

Lime

Bricks are “fired” in a __________ kiln, or a continuous __________kiln

periodic, tunnel

True or false. There is a standard brick size the world over

False

CMU’s (concrete masonry units) are __________ cured in an ___________.

steam, autoclave

Running bond masonry walls consist of __________ bricks only

stretcher

What does “laying the leads” mean?

building the corners of walls first, then filling in

What is the role of a steel “shelf angle” in masonry construction?

to either span an opening, or to support “lifts” of brick on a building façade

What is “corbelling”?

a method of spanning openings by cantilevering bricks

What is “centering”?

temporary structure (typically wood) that supports the bricks in the construction of true masonry arches

What are “quoins” in brick or stone masonry?

corner reinforcing of masonry walls, usually done for decorative effect

What is the difference between LUMBER and BOARDS?

2x dimension, less than 2x

The nominal dimension of a 2x4 is ___ x ___.

2x4

The ACTUAL dimension of a 2x4 is ___ x ___.

1.5” x 3.5”

Plywood and Oriented Strand Board (OSB) are used for _______-ing (floors/roofs) and ________-ing (walls) in light wood frame construction

decking / sheathing

What is a “stringer”?

the sloping wood member that supports the treads of a stair

The rule-of-thumb for designing stairs is ___ Rise + Tread = ______.

2R+T = 24/25”

What is the difference between a casement window and an awning window?

casement is hinged on the sides and opens like a door, awning is hinged at top and opens outward

The ___________ Style was popular in the eastern United States in the 19 th c. and featured a single wood material used for the roofs and walls of houses

shingle

What is a vent spacer, and where is it located?

Located between the individual rafters in the roof, behind the batt insulation, it allows for air to travel from the eaves to be vented at the ridge

What is a “rough opening” dimension in light wood framing?

a dimension that allows added space for doors and windows to be leveled and shimmed in the field

What is a “soffit”?

The undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang.

What preceded the balloon and platform frame, and is classified as heavy timber?

Braced Frame

What is the MC (moisture content) of framing lumber that is considered “seasoned”?

MC-19 or 19% water retained in the lumber.

How is plywood made?

Thin veneers are rotary-sliced from the log, than laid up and glued in alternating grain directions, which imparts strength to the panel

How is OSB (oriented strand board) made?

Small shards of wood are cut from the log, then vibrated on a belt to interlock and overlay, and then glued and pressed under high pressure

What light-gauge metal products are indispensable for light wood frame construction?

Connectors: joist and beam hangers, straps, angles, rafter anchors, bases and caps

What is TRADITIONAL MILL Constuction?

Loadbearing masonry walls with interior heavy timber framing for floors and roof. Associated with 19 th c. mercantile factories

What is “wattle and daub”?

a mixture of straw and mud that was used as in-fill for walls in heavy timber braced frame construction

A _____ cut is made to the end of girders that sit in pockets in the load-bearing masonry walls

firecut

In Mill construction, where would you find the “dogs”?

At the intersection of floor girders and columns

What is a “pintle cap”? Where is it located?

An iron cup-shaped device that connects column-to-column through the floor zone At the floor, between beams or girders

What is Sarah Tabitha Babbitt (1779-1853) credited with inventing?

Circular saw

What is Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)?

Layers of dimension lumber that are laid up in alternating directions and glued together to create large slabs (for walls/floors)

What are “glu-lams”?

Long-spanning structural members made from gluing multiple pieces of lumber under high pressure in the same direction with overlapping joints

How are CLT panels (walls and floors) connected?

With steel plates and long screws

What is LVL stand for?

Laminated Veneer Lumber

What construction type is Heavy Timber?

Type 4