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SLP 582: MSD & Craniofacial Disorders > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

hemiplegia

A

unilateral spastic paresis due to stroke on one cerebral hemisphere

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2
Q

diplegia

A

spastic paresis occurring especially in lower limbs

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3
Q

spastic cerebral palsy

A

due to UMN lesion, spasticity, hyper-reflexia, most likely has spastic dysarthria

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4
Q

dyskinetic or athetoid cerebral palsy

A

due to basal ganglia damage, usually has some involuntary movements, most likely has spastic or hyperkinetic dysarthria

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5
Q

ataxic cerebral palsy

A

due to cerebellar damage, has gait and balance issues, most likely has ataxic or spastic dysarthria

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6
Q

lingual fasciculations and atrophy can be seen in

A

CN-XII damage, unilateral or bilateral LMN lesion

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7
Q

when patient displays groping behavior when smiling or protruding the lips or lateralizing the jaw, they most likely have

A

non-verbal oral apraxi

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8
Q

spastic dysarthria

A

damage to bilateral UMNs

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9
Q

ataxic dysarthria

A

damage to cerebellar pathways

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10
Q

UUMN dysarthria

A

damage to unilateralUMNs

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11
Q

flaccid dysarthria

A

damage to unilateral or bilateral LMNs

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12
Q

apraxia of speech

A

a term for a motor speech disorder with phoneme sequencing deficit often associated with damage to the left hemisphere of the braun

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13
Q

dysarthria

A

a term for a motor speech disorder with speech production deficit resulting from neuromotor damage to PNS or CNS

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14
Q

Diane Sawyer has a right UMN damage. What are some features observed during oral motor examination?

A
  • forehead wrinkles when eyebrows are raised
  • tongue deviation to the left side
  • paralysis of the left lower face
  • both eyes close with a mild weakness
  • flat nasiolabal fold on the left side
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15
Q

speech muscle movement deficits of timing, force, range, and direction are seen in _______________ dysarthria

A

ataxic

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16
Q

5 subsystems of normal speech production

A

respiration
phonation
prosody
resonance
articulation

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17
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

neuromuscular junction disease

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18
Q

guillian-barre syndrome

A

demyelinzation of LMNs

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19
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

demyelinzation of UMNs

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20
Q

ALS

A

degeneration of motor tracts, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves

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21
Q

friedrich’s ataxia

A

inherited progressive condition that damages cerebeullpum, spinal cord, and brainstem

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22
Q

polio

A

viral infection attacking cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

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23
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

degeneration of muscle tissue which impacts the respiration, speech, and swallowing

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24
Q

wilson’s disease

A

hereditary disease with poor metabolism of copper

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25
Q

alternating motion rate

A

puh, puh, puh

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26
Q

sequential motion rates

A

puh, tuh, kuh

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27
Q

speech stress testing

A

counting out loud 1-100 numbers

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28
Q

apraxia of speech testing

A

counting out loud 1-20 numbers backwards

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29
Q

festinated speech and soft voice

A

hypokinetic dysarthria

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30
Q

strained-strangled voice, low pitch, and slow rate of speech

A

spastic dysarthria

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31
Q

involuntary movements impacting the speech production

A

hyperkinetic dysarthria

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32
Q

hypernasality/audible nasal emissions, breathy voice, and imprecise consonant production

A

flaccid dysarthria

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33
Q

microglia

A

acts as scavengers and remove dead cells/other waste

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34
Q

astrocytes

A

makes up the connective tissue in CNS

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35
Q

ogliodengroglia

A

from myelin around axons in CNS

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36
Q

glial cells

A

provide myelin sheath in PNS

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37
Q

french dysarthria assessment-2 evaluates all of the following except onr

A

oral praxis

38
Q

three cranial nerve where when one gets damaged, there is a higher possibility that the other two cranial nerves also get damaged

A

CNs-IX, X, XI

39
Q

t or f: damage at any level of the motor system can result in a movement disorder. when the damage affects the muscles of speech production, the result can be a motor speech disorder

A

true

40
Q

hesitations, revisions, and groping behavior during speech production

A

apraxia of speech

41
Q

inability to pucker the lips or protrude the tongue during volitional oral motor tasks

A

non-verbal oral apraxia

42
Q

inability to wave good bye or point the finger to the ceiling in response to verbal commands

A

limb (kinetic) apraxia

43
Q

lost the concept of planning and sequencing movements to complete tasks such as tooth bushing or dressing

A

ideational apraxia

44
Q

axons in CNS

A

tracts

45
Q

axons in PNS

A

nerves

46
Q

inhibitory action

A

dopamine

47
Q

excitatory action

A

acetylcholine

48
Q

Lester Holt has a left CN-VII damage. what are some features observed during oral motor examination

A
  • flat nasiolabal fold on left side
  • right eye close but left eye does not close
    -tongue deviation to the left side
  • left hemifacial paralysis or paresis
  • forehead wrinkles on right but not left side when eyebrows were raised
49
Q

sucking reflex

A

stroking the upper lip with tongue blade protrudes the lipspal

50
Q

momental reflex

A

stroking the palm leads to chin twitching

51
Q

jaw jerk reflex

A

tongue depressor on chin and a gentle tap with a finger elevates the mandible

52
Q

snout reflex

A

light tap on philitrium causes protrusion and elevation of lower lip

53
Q

metronome

A

rate and rhythm control to improve speech production

54
Q

PROMPT

A

combination of proprioception, pressure, and kinesthetic feedbacl

55
Q

eight-step continuum

A

to improve the timing and placement of articulatory movements through modeling, positioning of articulators, and repetition

56
Q

melodic intonation therapy

A

humming, singing, and tapping the word followed by attempting the target word in response to a question

57
Q

t or f: dysarthrias or apraxia of speech can be due to abnormal anatomical structures or sensory loss

A

false

58
Q

accuracy of movement

A

speech intelligility during conversational speech

59
Q

range of motion

A

extending articulators at different postitions

60
Q

muscle speed

A

DDK rates

61
Q

steadiness of motion

A

holding the tongue in a protruded position

62
Q

muscle strength

A

press tongue against the finger resistance

63
Q

muscle tone

A

observing the affected body parts and perpetual analysis of speech

64
Q

the following 4 statements are true

A
  • vocal quality is best perceived during sustained phonations
  • prosodic aspects are best perceived during conversational speech
  • articulatory precision, speed, and accuracy are best perceived during DDK rates
  • hypernasality is best perceived during connected speech with vowels, stops, and fricatives
65
Q

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

A

motor innervation of CT muscle

66
Q

recurrent laryneal nerve

A

motor innervation of PCA, TA, LCA, and IA muscles

67
Q

CN IX & X

A

pharyngeal and velar muscles

68
Q

CN-IX

A

stylopharyngeous muscle

69
Q

weakness of skilled movements

A

pyramidal system damage

70
Q

spasticity and abnormal reflexes (hyper typically)

A

extrapyramidal system damage

71
Q

hyperoreflexia or areflexia

A

LMN damage

72
Q

dysmetria, staggered gait, and drunken speech

A

damage to cerebellar control circuit

73
Q

which speech tasks are difficult for those with apraxia of speech?

A
  • low frequency words
  • sequential motion rates
  • counting numbers backwards
  • reading words of increasing complexity
74
Q

_____________ is the most important nerve for respiration

A

phrenic

75
Q

t or f: the childhood dysarthria due to a brain dysfunction exhibits the exact same symptom clusters as seen in adults with dysarthria

A

false

76
Q

you are an SLP who is seeing identical twin sisters, age 3, both with severe receptive and expressive language impairment. in conversation with their parents, they bring up the question of whether the girl’s difficulty with language could have a genetic cause. you personally have no prior training in genetics. why should you, as an SLP, be interested in learning more about genetics.

A

the children could have a genetic syndrome, and the language problems are part of the syndrome, SLPs should obtain training in genetics because they have the skills to recognize deficits in communication

77
Q

you are an SLP who is seeing identical twin sisters, age 3, both with severe receptive and expressive language impairment. in conversation with their parents, they bring up the question of whether the girl’s difficulty with language could have a genetic cause. you personally have no prior training in genetics. which of the following defines the precision medicine initiative?

A
  • the project will involve large numbers of people to provide health information
  • the goal is to create a better understanding of the interaction between genetics, lifestyle, and environment
  • the project aims to improve health outcomes by making it possible to design targeted and preventative interventions
78
Q

Jamie, a 6 year old girl is seen by an SLP for a comp speech and language assessment. standardized testing shows expressive and receptive language skills below expectation. her speech sounds hypernasal and breathy, and standard artic testing shows some unusual speech sound substitutions like [m]/p and [n]/t. when jamie walked into the room, a slow labored gait was noted. jamie did an MRI scan at age 2 years and 4 months. what, if any, red flags are there that jamie may have a syndrome of genetic etiology.

A

finding motor impairments across domains as well as, language impairments in the same child could point to a genetic or chromosomal cause

79
Q

angelica, 5 years old, is receiving speech therapy to address speech errors related to her repaired cleft palate. none of her biological relatives have a history of cleft palate, not even her twin brother. angelica’s medical history is significant for her surgery as a newborn. the most likely cause of the clefting is:

A

missing a small piece of chromosome 22

80
Q

you are an SLP working in an elementary school. on your caseload are three children, a 3 year old, boy, a kindergarten girl, and a boy in 3rd grade. they all have CAS. Jesse and amelia have an older sister who never had any speech or language issues, and marcus has an older brother who also never had any speech or language issues. the affected children have no additional diagnoses. would you classify the speech and language delays as syndromic or nonsyndromic?

A

nonsyndromic because CAS is occurring without any other diagnoses. the delays in expressive language are often seen in children with CAS

81
Q

what is the most likely explanation of why some of the children from the same extended family have a similar type of speech disorder?

A

with several close relatives affected, the best explanation is a genetic change that was inherited

82
Q

you are an SLP in a private practice and are seeing a 4-year old boy with a severe speech disorder. his mother asks you what her changes are of having another child with the same disorder. your best response is the following:

A

“if you would like, we can meet to discuss potential red flags and create a referral to a genetics professional for a more in-depth consultation

83
Q

you are an SLP who is seeing two brothers, one with autism and the other with mostly pragmatic language delays. their parents came to talk to you about the possibility that genetics may explain both boy’s struggles. In your conversation, you discover that there may be a family history for autism. what is your best plan of action?

A

you ask questions about the family history, draw a three generation diagram, and look for biological relatives who have or who have had any kind of psychiatric or developmental diagnosis

84
Q

Q3: You are an SLP who is seeing children from two families that caught your attention. In the first family, you are seeing two siblings, Zach and Zoe, with dyslexia and your family interview showed that one cousin and one grandparent but none of the parents have dyslexia. In the second family, Sondra, a girl with hearing impairment, has a mother with hearing impairment, and the mother reports that one of her two brothers and her mother also have hearing impairment. Sondra’s brother does not have hearing impairment.

Which of the following statements are true regarding these two families? (Select two choices)

A
  • the first family could have some genetic risks for dyslexia but if there are several genes involved, plus some other factors, the dyslexia does not always get inherited with a clear pattern
  • in the second family, the pattern is clearly genetic, and it is autosomal dominant
85
Q

you are asked to see a 5 year old child for an evaluation of speech, resonance, and velopharyngeal function. he has no history of cleft palate but has always had “nasal” speech, according to the mother. two year previously, when he lived in another city, he participated in a videofluoroscopy speech study. According to the report, the study showed good velar and lateral pharyngeal wall movement, but incomplete velopharyngeal closure during speech. During swallowing, however, the child was able to achieve complete velopharyngeal closrure consistently. in your assessment, you find that the child has normal articulation placement but that resonance is hypernasal

A

referral to craniofacial surgeon for consideration of surgical intervention

86
Q

a child presents to you with a history of cerebral palsy. in your assessment, you find that he has very hypernasal speech but essentially normal articulation placement. based on his history and the characteristics of his speech, what would be an appropriate diagnosis?

A

velopharyngeal incompetence

87
Q

you are evaluating a child with abnormal resonance. in your assessment, you note that there are often m/b and n/d substitutions. you also note that, in connected speech, the /n/ sound is frequently used as a substitution for siblants. what diagnosis does this suggest?

A

hypernasality

88
Q

you are asked to see a 12-year-old boy for an evaluation. his mother reports that he is “lazy with his speech” and that he mumbles all the tome. she thinks it is because he is going through puberty. in your assessment, you note abnormal resonance and low volume. an intraoral examination reveals very large tonsils that almost touch in the midline. based on this history and your examination, what type of resonance disorder does this child demonstrate?

A

pharyngeal cul-de-sac resonance

89
Q

your patient has a history of cleft lip and palate. he is 17 years old and has significant maxillary retrusion with midface deficiency. as a result, he has a class III maloclusion with anterior crossbite. what type of abnormal resonance is common due to midface retrusion.

A

hyponasality

90
Q

your patient has a history of cleft palate. a recent nasopharyngoscopy evaluation showed a very large velopharyngeal opening during speech. what type of nasal emission would you expect with a large opening?

A

inaudible nasal emission

91
Q

you are working with a patient who has had a pharyngeal flap for correction of velopharyngeal insufficiency. although resonance is now normal, he still uses some compensatory productions. In particular, you notice that he coarticulates a compensatory production with oral plosives. which of the following compensatory productions would he most likely coarticulate with oral plosives?

A

glottal stop

92
Q
A

SLP 582: MSD & Craniofacial Disorders (1 decks)

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