Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
Sensation
Makes you aware of heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure through nerve endings
Heat regulation
Also Known as thermoregulation, helps keep the body cool or warm
Absorption
Permits necessary substances to pass through the skin
Protection
a primary function of the skin, the protective function starts with the skin barrier and includes other processes like cell formation, wound healing and immune response
Excretion
Often referred to as detofixication, relates to the expelling of waste products from the body
Secretion
Keeps the skin functioning optimally; most prevalent secretion is sebum
Antidepressant (skin effects)
Hives, rashes, itching, bruising, and photosensitivity
Thyroid medication (skin effects)
helps improve thyroid issues such as dry skin, sensitivity, and hair loss
Hormone replacement therapy (skin effects)
Improves menopause or other disorder symptoms such as dry skin, increased discoloration in the skin and increased signs of aging
Antibiotics (skin effects)
photosensitivity
Diabetes medication (skin effects)
some types can cause skin itchiness and sensitivity; use disease cautions
High blood pressure medicine (skin effects)
rashes, itchiness, and sensitivity
Chemotherapy/ radiation
rashes. itching, bruising, photosensitivity, skin disorders
Decongestants/Allergy medication
Dehydration, increase TEWL
NSAIDs/ anti-inflammatory medication
photosensitivity and dehydration
Tips to keep you and your client safe (especially if the client has a medical condition)
- Dont leave the room when performing a service
- don’t be afraid to ask questions about your client’s health based on your observations
- ask how they are feeling throughout the service
- Don’t be afraid to stop service and call 911 if client has extreme discomfort or difficulty breathing
narcotics/pain medication
dehydration and sensitivity
Vitamin D Production
- controls levels of calcium and phosphate within the body
- most of the 7-DHC that helps create vitamin D is found in the basal and spinosum layers of the epidermis
- Not a vitamin but rather a hormone essential for healthy immune function, cell differentiation, and overall health
Sebum Secretion
- The sebaceous glands are connected to the hair follicles and secrete sebum, a complex mixture of fatty substances
- Helps keep the skin soft and provides an antibacterial shield
- part of the skin’s barrier; mixes with the natural moisturizing factors created in the epidermis
- plays an essential role in supporting the skin’s microbiome
Secretion
healthy skin has a balance of secretion, substances produced by the body, that keep it functioning optimally.
Normal skin type
Mild oil production throughout the face, well hydrated and balanced
Dry skin type
Minimal oil production on nose or chin if at all
Oily skin type
Widespread oil throughout face
Estrogen (Imbalance skin effect)
- Thinning of epidermis
- Decreased lipid production
- Increased sensitivity
- Increased erythma
Combination skin type
Oil production in the center part of face
Extrinsic aging
- Also known as skin deterioration
- Influenced by external factors
- UV Exposure
- Smoking
- Alcohol intake
- Stress
- Diet
- Climate impact
Testosterone
- Thinning of dermis
- Increased acne
- Increased facial hair
- Impaired hearing
Intrinsic Aging
-Relates to factors that are influenced By genetics and hormones
- Skin without extrinsic aging has a smooth texture, some sagging and moderate wrinkles, but no photoaging signs
Pollution
- Dry, irritated skin
- Redness, erythema
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Dry skin
- Sensitivity, itching, erythma
- Dermatitis
- Increased discoloration
- Hair loss
UV Exposure
- Sagging skin
- Increased wrinkles
- Hyperpigmentation
-Hypopigmentation - Dilated capillaries
- Abnormal growths
- Rough, dull texture
- Lesions with abnormal symmetry, color, inability to heal or bleeding
Smoking
- Dull, rough, dry skin
- Broken capillaries
- Redness and erythema
- Sagging skin with an increase in wrinkles
- Discolorations
- Yellow/gray skin color
- Poor healing
- Congested skin
Genetics
Varies with individuals
Alcohol
- Redness, flushing, broken capillaries
- itching
- Yellowing of skin
- Widespread telangiectasias
- Hyperpigmentation
- rough, dry skin
- congested skin
Hormones
- Thinning of the dermis
- Increased dryness
- Increased sensitivity
- Reduced gland secretion
- Increased hair growth on the face
- Reduced muscle mass
- Increased bone loss
- Increased body fat
- Increased hair loss
Biological effects of poor sleep
- Cognitive impairment
- hormone disruption
- immune system of dysfunction
- metabolic disruption
- slow skin cell renewal and repair, which results in dull skin
- Increased skin discoloration
Climate
- Extreme hot or cold conditions can exacerbate existing skin conditions or even new ones
- Colder climates dry skin out and may result in tightness, redness, and a rough texture
- Hot and dry climates cause chronic dehydration and inflammation
Diet
- Excess weight loss and gain also affect the skin elasticity and firmness
- Extreme weight loss can result in loss of skin tone, creepiness and wrinkles
- obesity is linked to skin problems such as dermatitis, stretch marks and friction irritation
Sugar (effect on skin)
Glycation; Wrinkles, erythema, loss of elasticity
- skin discoloration when pre-diabetes or diabetes is present
Vegetables (effect on skin)
- increased antioxidant protection, improved skin tone and texture
Processed foods (effect on skin)
- Glycation: wrinkles
- inflammation
- possible breakouts
- increased cholesterol
Vitamin B
Contains biotin, which forms the basis of skin, hair and nail cells
Dehydration symptoms
- Fatigue
- Confusion
- Dry mouth, lips, and eyes
- Headache
-Dizziness
Vitamin supplements (effect on skin)
- improved antioxidant protection
- Increased water content
- improved barrier protection
- Better cell turnover
Water (effect on skin)
- Improved systemic hydration
- Improved texture
Vitamin A
Protects against UV damage and slows signs of aging
Vitamin E
Reduces the appearance of scars and dry skin
Vitamin C
Helps collagen production, which reduces wrinkles and improves skin texture
Vitamin K
Can help fade discoloration, such as dark circles and bruises
Daily skin care regimen steps
- Cleanse
- Tone
- Apply serum
- Moisturize
- Protect
Cleanse
- Remove eye and lip cosmetics
- Cleanse the skin daily with an appropriate product
- Ordinary soaps are not recommended for cleaning since they are generally alkaline and can strip the skin of its protective acid mantle
Tone
- Using toners helps cleanse the skin further, then soothe and smooth it
- toners such as fresheners, astringents and tonics should be appropriately selected according to skin type
- bring skin to its normal PH
- specially formulated mists can help with hydration throughout the day
Apply serum
- serums can rehydrate and brighten the skin
- serums have a higher concentration of active ingredients than a moisturizer to target concerns like lines, wrinkles, and skin texture
Moisturize
- helps keep skin smooth
- oily skin needs moisturizing as much as dry skin
- excessive oil in the skin does not replace moisture loss
Protect
- Refers to the shielding of the skin from the damaging effects of the environment, like the sun and pollution
- sunscreen protects the skin from the harmful UVA and UVB rays projected from the sun
- Use lip balm with a sun protection factor of at least 30
Primary skin lesions
changes in the structure of the skin during the early stages if change and development
primary skin lesion examples
Macule, plaque, papule, pustule, wheal, cyst, vesicle, nodule, tumor and bulla
secondary skin lesions
Evolve from primary lesions. can evolve as part of her disease process, wound healing, or directly from the clients actions, such as picking at a pustule
Benign skin growths
Skin growths are also known as hypertrophy’s. Hypertrophy is a skin classification that identifies common skin conditions that involve a non-malignant overgrowth or excess of skin. This growth should not be removed by an aesthetician, but performing services are allowed
Crust
A solid group of dried serum, blood