Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
Sensation
Makes you aware of heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure through nerve endings
Heat regulation
Also Known as thermoregulation, helps keep the body cool or warm
Absorption
Permits necessary substances to pass through the skin
Protection
a primary function of the skin, the protective function starts with the skin barrier and includes other processes like cell formation, wound healing and immune response
Excretion
Often referred to as detofixication, relates to the expelling of waste products from the body
Secretion
Keeps the skin functioning optimally; most prevalent secretion is sebum
Antidepressant (skin effects)
Hives, rashes, itching, bruising, and photosensitivity
Thyroid medication (skin effects)
helps improve thyroid issues such as dry skin, sensitivity, and hair loss
Hormone replacement therapy (skin effects)
Improves menopause or other disorder symptoms such as dry skin, increased discoloration in the skin and increased signs of aging
Antibiotics (skin effects)
photosensitivity
Diabetes medication (skin effects)
some types can cause skin itchiness and sensitivity; use disease cautions
High blood pressure medicine (skin effects)
rashes, itchiness, and sensitivity
Chemotherapy/ radiation
rashes. itching, bruising, photosensitivity, skin disorders
Decongestants/Allergy medication
Dehydration, increase TEWL
NSAIDs/ anti-inflammatory medication
photosensitivity and dehydration
Tips to keep you and your client safe (especially if the client has a medical condition)
- Dont leave the room when performing a service
- don’t be afraid to ask questions about your client’s health based on your observations
- ask how they are feeling throughout the service
- Don’t be afraid to stop service and call 911 if client has extreme discomfort or difficulty breathing
narcotics/pain medication
dehydration and sensitivity
Vitamin D Production
- controls levels of calcium and phosphate within the body
- most of the 7-DHC that helps create vitamin D is found in the basal and spinosum layers of the epidermis
- Not a vitamin but rather a hormone essential for healthy immune function, cell differentiation, and overall health
Sebum Secretion
- The sebaceous glands are connected to the hair follicles and secrete sebum, a complex mixture of fatty substances
- Helps keep the skin soft and provides an antibacterial shield
- part of the skin’s barrier; mixes with the natural moisturizing factors created in the epidermis
- plays an essential role in supporting the skin’s microbiome
Secretion
healthy skin has a balance of secretion, substances produced by the body, that keep it functioning optimally.
Normal skin type
Mild oil production throughout the face, well hydrated and balanced
Dry skin type
Minimal oil production on nose or chin if at all
Oily skin type
Widespread oil throughout face
Estrogen (Imbalance skin effect)
- Thinning of epidermis
- Decreased lipid production
- Increased sensitivity
- Increased erythma
Combination skin type
Oil production in the center part of face
Extrinsic aging
- Also known as skin deterioration
- Influenced by external factors
- UV Exposure
- Smoking
- Alcohol intake
- Stress
- Diet
- Climate impact
Testosterone
- Thinning of dermis
- Increased acne
- Increased facial hair
- Impaired hearing
Intrinsic Aging
-Relates to factors that are influenced By genetics and hormones
- Skin without extrinsic aging has a smooth texture, some sagging and moderate wrinkles, but no photoaging signs
Pollution
- Dry, irritated skin
- Redness, erythema
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Dry skin
- Sensitivity, itching, erythma
- Dermatitis
- Increased discoloration
- Hair loss
UV Exposure
- Sagging skin
- Increased wrinkles
- Hyperpigmentation
-Hypopigmentation - Dilated capillaries
- Abnormal growths
- Rough, dull texture
- Lesions with abnormal symmetry, color, inability to heal or bleeding
Smoking
- Dull, rough, dry skin
- Broken capillaries
- Redness and erythema
- Sagging skin with an increase in wrinkles
- Discolorations
- Yellow/gray skin color
- Poor healing
- Congested skin
Genetics
Varies with individuals
Alcohol
- Redness, flushing, broken capillaries
- itching
- Yellowing of skin
- Widespread telangiectasias
- Hyperpigmentation
- rough, dry skin
- congested skin
Hormones
- Thinning of the dermis
- Increased dryness
- Increased sensitivity
- Reduced gland secretion
- Increased hair growth on the face
- Reduced muscle mass
- Increased bone loss
- Increased body fat
- Increased hair loss
Biological effects of poor sleep
- Cognitive impairment
- hormone disruption
- immune system of dysfunction
- metabolic disruption
- slow skin cell renewal and repair, which results in dull skin
- Increased skin discoloration
Climate
- Extreme hot or cold conditions can exacerbate existing skin conditions or even new ones
- Colder climates dry skin out and may result in tightness, redness, and a rough texture
- Hot and dry climates cause chronic dehydration and inflammation
Diet
- Excess weight loss and gain also affect the skin elasticity and firmness
- Extreme weight loss can result in loss of skin tone, creepiness and wrinkles
- obesity is linked to skin problems such as dermatitis, stretch marks and friction irritation
Sugar (effect on skin)
Glycation; Wrinkles, erythema, loss of elasticity
- skin discoloration when pre-diabetes or diabetes is present
Vegetables (effect on skin)
- increased antioxidant protection, improved skin tone and texture
Processed foods (effect on skin)
- Glycation: wrinkles
- inflammation
- possible breakouts
- increased cholesterol
Vitamin B
Contains biotin, which forms the basis of skin, hair and nail cells
Dehydration symptoms
- Fatigue
- Confusion
- Dry mouth, lips, and eyes
- Headache
-Dizziness
Vitamin supplements (effect on skin)
- improved antioxidant protection
- Increased water content
- improved barrier protection
- Better cell turnover
Water (effect on skin)
- Improved systemic hydration
- Improved texture
Vitamin A
Protects against UV damage and slows signs of aging
Vitamin E
Reduces the appearance of scars and dry skin
Vitamin C
Helps collagen production, which reduces wrinkles and improves skin texture
Vitamin K
Can help fade discoloration, such as dark circles and bruises
Daily skin care regimen steps
- Cleanse
- Tone
- Apply serum
- Moisturize
- Protect
Cleanse
- Remove eye and lip cosmetics
- Cleanse the skin daily with an appropriate product
- Ordinary soaps are not recommended for cleaning since they are generally alkaline and can strip the skin of its protective acid mantle
Tone
- Using toners helps cleanse the skin further, then soothe and smooth it
- toners such as fresheners, astringents and tonics should be appropriately selected according to skin type
- bring skin to its normal PH
- specially formulated mists can help with hydration throughout the day
Apply serum
- serums can rehydrate and brighten the skin
- serums have a higher concentration of active ingredients than a moisturizer to target concerns like lines, wrinkles, and skin texture
Moisturize
- helps keep skin smooth
- oily skin needs moisturizing as much as dry skin
- excessive oil in the skin does not replace moisture loss
Protect
- Refers to the shielding of the skin from the damaging effects of the environment, like the sun and pollution
- sunscreen protects the skin from the harmful UVA and UVB rays projected from the sun
- Use lip balm with a sun protection factor of at least 30
Primary skin lesions
changes in the structure of the skin during the early stages if change and development
primary skin lesion examples
Macule, plaque, papule, pustule, wheal, cyst, vesicle, nodule, tumor and bulla
secondary skin lesions
Evolve from primary lesions. can evolve as part of her disease process, wound healing, or directly from the clients actions, such as picking at a pustule
Benign skin growths
Skin growths are also known as hypertrophy’s. Hypertrophy is a skin classification that identifies common skin conditions that involve a non-malignant overgrowth or excess of skin. This growth should not be removed by an aesthetician, but performing services are allowed
Crust
A solid group of dried serum, blood
Excoriation
Avoid treatment
-appear bright to dark red, because of dried blood
- loss of epidermidis caused by a traumatic injury
Scales
Avoid treatment.
Plate like expressions of flaky exfoliation, composed of accumulated stratum corneum.
Psoriasis
Round, dry patches of skin, covered with rough, silvery scales
Vascular disorders
Abnormalities related to capillary Grove, bruising her blood available within the epidermidis. They can, because by disease, trauma or genetic abnormalities. Most indicate a systematic problem, and services usually are allowed, unless a hemorrhage or injury exist.
Examples of vascular disorders
Purpura, telangiectasia, petechiae, Ekhymosis, angioma, hemangioma, port, wine, stain, and Nevus simplex
Examples of disorders of the sebaceous glands
Acne, grade, one, acne, grade 2, acne, grade 3, acne, grade for acne, acne excoriate, milia, and comedones
Leukoderma
Describes hypo pigmentation caused by a decrease in the activity of melanocytes
Disorders of the sebaceous glands
Over activity or under activity of the sebaceous glands can produce a variety of skin conditions that may require medical attention. Sebaceous glands can be affected by clients health, or by environmental or hereditary factors
Pigmentation disorder’s
result of abnormal melanocyte activity, referred to as dyschromia.
Examples of pigmentation disorder’s
Hyper pigmentation, melasma, acquired Nevis, Solar lentigo
Blackhead
An open follicle with a black surface plug, which has been iodized and discolored due to the sebum contact with the air
Whitehead
A plunge sebaceous gland with an opening that is not widely dilated. Whiteheads begin to bulge, because the Sebum produce cannot escape.
Disorders of the sudoriferous glands
Mini skin conditions are often the result of either over activity or under activity of the sudoriferous glands or sweat glands. They can affect an individual in a variety of ways.
Examples of disorders of the sudoriferous glands
Malaria, rubra, hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, anhidrosis, and syringoma
Inflammation
Dermatitis refers to a group of inflammatory conditions within skin. Skin inflammation range from occasional rashes, accompanied by skin, itching and redness to chronic conditions such as dermatitis, rosacea, psoriasis, eczema.
Examples of inflammation disorders
Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, and rosacea
Skin Infections
Caused by a pathogenic, bacteria or virus, entering the body or skin, and multiplying to the point of interfering with the bodies normal state
Viral skin infections
Range from comment, Hrayr, from mild to severe, and from those causing just skin infection to those associated with systemic disease. Summer contagious, while others can be touched without being spread
Examples of viral skin infections
Herpes simplex, herpes, zoster, words, verruca, and papilloma
Examples of fungal skin infections
Tenía, tinea, versicolor, and candida albicans
Fungal skin infections
Can be represented as a red, itchy, peeling skin rash. Fungal skin infections, love, warm, damp environment, and thrive and moist areas of the body.
Bacterial skin infections
A rapid reproduction of a harmful strain of bacteria on or inside the body. Bacteria can infect any area of the body.
Examples of bacterial skin infections
Impetigo, folliculitis, boils, carbuncle, bacterial, conjunctions, blepharitis, sty, and cellulitis
Infestations
Infestations, her tiny parasites, invade the scanner here, leading to itching and rash in the case of scabies. They are highly contagious, and services should never be performed until the infection is gone
Examples of infestation
Scabies and head lice
skin Cancer
Aestheticians are sometimes the first people to see lesions that may potentially be skin cancer. There are two categories of growth: premalignant and malignant.
Premalignant
Similar in appearance to malignant growths
- -they can be either flat, or raised in a regular in shape and border
- the border sometimes have a notched or flowery look
- the color is a regular, and can be shades of black, brown, red, blue, or white
- the growths are often asymmetrical and more than 6MM
- common premalignant growths on the skin or actinic keratosis
Malignant growths
Cancerous
- these growths having a regular border or bleed often
- they do not heal well
- Color is irregular and can be shades of black, brown, or red
- they can occur anywhere on the body
Common skin cancers
Three common skin cancers are basal cell, carcinoma, squamous, cell, carcinoma, and malignant melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
A malignant lesion
- tends to appear translucent, has a regular borders and tiny blood vessels running through it
- can occur anywhere on the body, but typically in sun, exposed areas, such as around the nose and eyes
Squamous cell carcinoma
Irregular, crusted, red Papule.
- occurs in sun exposed areas
- maybe an actinic keratosis that went untreated
- these lesions need to be completely removed, or they will invade lymph nodes, affect old body symptoms in spread throughout the body internally
Malignant melanoma
The most dangerous skin growth
- melanomas involved from flatter race, pigmented lesion’s anywhere on the body. They begin as pre-cancerous growths that, if removed early enough, will most likely not become malignant.
- untreated, growths will change in color, size and shape, end, overtime, will become malignant
LOOK, Touch, ask
The skin analysis process is based on visual assessment, or look, tactical assessment, or touch, and verify information or ask.
Ask
- verify answers on the client intake form
- ask about suspicious lesions or other concerns
- ask what they would like improved in their skin
- ask about the clients home care routine
-ask about lifestyle factors based on the client intake form - ask about their response to UV exposure for Fitzpatrick skin typing
The ABCDEs of skin cancer
A: asymmetry-asymmetrical, or inconsistent growths: refer to a physician
B: Border- has a well defined edge and does not bleed into the surrounding skin
C: color- consistent: does not very within the growth
D: diameter-should be no larger than eraser head on a pencil
E:evolution- increasing size
Look
Use a magnifying lamp & wood’s lamp
- CLEANSE SKIN, COVER EYES, AND USE GLOVES
- start at forehead, look at entire face, ears, neck, and upper chest
- identify pore size
- identify color changes in the skin
- identify structural changes in the skin
Touch
- Touch the skin as you were looking through the magnifying lamp
- lift the skin to test elasticity in skin thickness
- run your fingers over the surface of the skin to test texture
- use pressure on various parts of the face to test sensitivity
- feel for unseen lesions within the skin
Skin analysis equipment
The look, touch, ask method refers skin analysis equipment. This equipment ranges from magnifying lamps to complex computer scanning programs. A successful skin analysis starts with learning to use basic equipment, such as a magnifying lamp and woods lamp.
Woods lamp
Essential for skin analysis. The black light color eyes does the different areas of the skin to educate different conditions as follows
Blue white fluorescent: normal, healthy skin
Purple fluorescent: dehydrated skin
White fluorescent: thick, corneum layer, spots of dead cell build up
Yellow, pink, green fluorescent: signs of bacteria, fungus
Brown: pigmentation, dark spots in sun damage dermal pigmentation shows of lighter in color than epidermal pigmentation
Orange fluorescent: areas of active oil production shows a small dots in active sebaceous glands
magnifying lamp
Prevents, lighten, magnification, limbs can be mounted to the wall, hook to utility cart, or may sound independently on especially designed base. When, using the lamp, cover the clients eyes with the iPads, and then turn on the lamp in position over the clients face.
Key uses of a magnifying lamp
- Close examination of the skin surface during skin analysis
- performing extractions
- performing brow shaping
- performing lash and brow tinting
- applying lash enhancements
Skin scope
Used for consultations within a retail setting prior to the service and before using a magnifying lamp
Wood lamp key uses
Validating skin type
Identifying dermal versus epidermal pigmentation
Identify possible infections
skin type characteristics
Skin type in classify skin based on oil production. Each person skin is different. Are genetic predisposition, determines our skins type, number of pores and oil production
Normal skin type
Look: small pores, T-zone pores may be medium, no black heads or blemishes, smooth texture
Ask: oil, production: throughout face, does not appear oily
Touch: thick skin with good elasticity
Usually young clients
Combination skin type
Look: mix with medium/large pores throughout tea zone. Areas of roughness on cheeks, outer face, shiny T-zone
Ask: oil production in T-zone
Touch: thick skin on cheeks. Salmon, skin around eyes and forhead
Dry skin type
Look: small pores, flaky areas
Ask: oil, production: little to no oil production throughout the face
Touch: possible, thin skin throughout face, rough, uneven texture
Skin type one
Skintone is very fair, Ivory, generally with red or blonde hair.
- always burns, peels, never tans
- nourthern eurpoean
Oily skin type
Look: large, pores, orange, peel, texture, overall, shiny look, comedones, possible acne
Ask: oil production throughout face into hairline
Touch: thick skin
Fitzpatrick skin typing
The Fitzpatrick scale is widely accepted for classifying skin types, according to their tolerance of a reaction to ultraviolet radiation
Skin type two
