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Athletic Injuries & Care > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the lower extremity

A

spine, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, calcaneus, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

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2
Q

Directional movements

A
  • flexion/extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • inversion/eversion
  • plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
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3
Q

Muscles/soft tissue structures

A

quadriceps, hamstrings, patellar tendon, IT band, gastrocnemius/soleus, achilles tendon, plantar fascia

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4
Q

Injury factors

A
  • severity
  • chronic vs acute
  • type
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5
Q

Injury factors: severity

A
  • mild (grade 1)
  • moderate (grade 2)
  • severe (grade 3)
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6
Q

Injury factors: type

A
  • strain
  • sprain
  • fracture/stress fracture
  • contusion/bursitis
  • dislocation/subluxation
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7
Q

First aid/treatment for mild strains/sprains/tendinitis

A
  • remove from play and apply R.I.C.E. principle
  • monitor and refer to physician if symptoms and signs worsen or do not subside within a few days
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8
Q

First aid/treatment for moderate/severe sprains/strains/tendinitis

A
  • remove from play and complete rest
  • apply brace/sling/splint if needed
  • monitor and treat for shock
  • apply P.R.I.C.E. principle
  • refer to physician
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9
Q

First aid/treatment for subluxations

A
  • immobilize
  • monitor and treat for shock
  • check for neurovascular integrity (activate EMS if compromised)
  • apply P.R.I.C.E. and refer to physician
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10
Q

First aid/treatment for dislocations

A
  • activate EMS
  • immobilize/stabilize in position found
  • splint if needed
  • do NOT reduce
  • monitor and treat for shock
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11
Q

First aid for fracture

A
  • if open fracture or neurovascular compromise, activate EMS
  • stabilize proximal and distal to the injury site and splint
  • monitor and treat for shock
  • refer to physician
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12
Q

Return to participation requirements

A
  • full strength, full ROM, full flexibility, pain free
  • if seen by a physician, they must be cleared by that physician
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13
Q

Components of a knee sprain

A
  • ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL)
  • grade 1: slight tear
  • grade 2: moderate tear
  • grade 3: complete tear
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14
Q

Ankle sprain

A
  • inversion: sprained lateral ligaments
  • eversion: sprained medial ligaments
  • high (syndesmotic): sprained tibiofibular ligaments
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15
Q

Genu varum

A

knees go outward

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16
Q

Genu valgum

A

knees go inward

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17
Q

genu recurvatum

A

knees go back when standing

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18
Q

Q-angle

A

the angle formed between the quadriceps and patellar tendon

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19
Q

The Q-angle is higher in

A

women (18 degrees. men is 13 degrees)

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20
Q

Women’s increased Q-angle causes

A

pressure on the lower body

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21
Q

Pes cavus

A

high arch
- the supinator rolls to outside/lateral

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22
Q

Pes planus

A

flat footed
- the pronator rolls to inside/medial

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23
Q

Components of the female athlete triad

A
  • low energy availability
  • mental disturbance
  • low bone mineral density
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24
Q

Low energy availability

A
  • disordered eating
  • restrictive eating
  • not eating enough
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25
Q

Mental disturbance

A
  • irregular periods
  • amenorrhea
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26
Q

Low bone mineral density

A
  • osteopenia
  • osteoporosis
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27
Q

Abdominal strain

A
  • rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, internal/external oblique
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28
Q

Low back strain

A
  • latissimus dorsi, internal/external oblique
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29
Q

Side stitch

A
  • pain in the side typically due to running
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30
Q

Hip dislocation/subluxation

A
  • head of the hip bone typically lies above the socket
  • severe pain, tingling in leg and foot, sense of looseness, heard a pop
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31
Q

Hip pointer

A
  • bruise on the iliac crest
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32
Q

Hip flexor strain

A
  • tearing of one or more hip flexor muscles
  • pain either in front side of groin or hip
  • for wrapping, start on the inside of the thigh and wrap laterally
33
Q

Hamstring strain

A
  • partial tearing of one or more of the hamstring muscles
  • obvious bruising
34
Q

Quadriceps strain

A
  • tearing of one or more of the quadriceps muscles
  • obvious discoloration
35
Q

Quadriceps contusion

A
  • significant bleeding that leads to hematoma formation in the muscle
  • presents with loss of ROM in knee flexion
  • ## risk of myositis ossificans-
    -
    -
36
Q

Knee sprain

A
  • ACL, MCL, LCL, PCL
  • valgus (inward) vs varus (outward) force
  • lachman’s test, varus stress test, posterior drawer test
37
Q

Cartilage meniscus injury

A
  • caused by compression, twisting/torsion, knee bent to an extreme
  • knee locks up or gives out, pain along joint line
  • cannot fully bend/straighten knee, delayed swelling, locked knee, limping
38
Q

Chondromalacia patella (runner’s knee)

A
  • cartilage under the patella softens or breaks down
39
Q

Patella dislocation/subluxation

A
  • patella leaves its groove
  • usually laterally
40
Q

Patellar tendinitis (jumper’s knee)

A
  • patellar tendon inflamed
41
Q

IT band strain

A
  • tearing of the IT band
  • usually a snapping feeling when moving
42
Q

Medial ankle sprain

A
  • eversion ankle sprain, ankle rolled outward
43
Q

Lateral ankle sprain

A
  • inversion ankle sprain, ankle rolled inward
44
Q

High ankle sprain

A
  • tearing of the tibiofibular ligament
  • twisting or rotational injury
45
Q

Lower leg fracture

A
  • caused by twisting/torsion/compression/direct blow
  • break in the tibia or fibula
46
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

-
-
-
-
-

47
Q

Heel contusion

A
  • bruise on the heel pad of the foot from hard hits
48
Q

Medial tibial stress syndrome

A
  • shin splints
  • pain localized to the distal portion of the medial shin
49
Q

Achilles tendinitis

A
  • inflammation of the achilles tendon
  • possible pronation/supination when standing normally
50
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A
  • inflamed plantar fascia at the heel
  • intense pain in the morning with the first couple steps
51
Q

Turf toe

A
  • tear in the joint capsule of the MTP joint on the big toe
  • caused by forced extension
52
Q

Lacerations

A
  • usually around the eye, forehead, chin, nose, or scalp
  • caused by a direct blow or contact
  • rapid bleeding, possible swelling, bruising
  • pain
  • if the wound gapes open or there is disfiguration then refer to a physician
  • athlete may return if bleeding stops and there is no disfiguration
53
Q

Eye contusion

A
  • direct blow
  • blood pooling in the iris, deformity, restricted eye movement, unequal eye movement
  • ## blind spot, double vision, floating spots, blurred vision-
    -
    -
54
Q

Embedded object in eye

A
  • puncture with object/splinter
  • blood pooling in iris, cut to cornea, irregularly shaped iris/pupil
  • ## pain, burning-
    -
    -
55
Q

Embedded object in eye

A

-
-
-
-
-

56
Q

Orbital fracture

A

–
-
-
-
-

57
Q

Bloody nose (epistaxis)

A

–
-
-
-
-

58
Q

Nasal fracture

A

-
–
-
-
-

59
Q

Maxilla fracture

A

–
-
-
-
-

60
Q

Zygomatic fracture

A

-
-
-
-
-

61
Q

Mandible fracture

A

–
-
-
-
-

62
Q

Dislocated tooth

A

-
–
-
-
-

63
Q

Ear contusion/cauliflower ear

A

–
-
-
-
-

64
Q

eye protection can

A

significantly reduce the risk of eye injuries

65
Q

Eyewear should be

A
  • polycarbonate lenses
  • able to stop objects at 140 mph
  • deflect objects with 1,200 pounds of force
66
Q

Anatomy of the eye

A

sclera, conjunctiva, iris, pupil, cornea, orbit

67
Q

Identifying features of skin problems?

A
68
Q

Contagious vs non-contagious?

A
69
Q

Viral/fungal/bacterial?

A
70
Q

Contagious skin problems

A
  • molluscum contagiosum
  • wart (common vs plantar)
  • herpes simplex 1
  • tinea corporis
  • tinea pedis
  • tinea curis
  • methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
71
Q

Non-contagious skins problems

A
  • blisters
  • subungual hematoma
  • ingrown toe nail
  • abrasion
  • boils
  • poisonous plant reaction
72
Q

Early signs of an infection

A

pus, fever, red streaking from the area, abnormally elevated pain

73
Q

Best way to prevent contagious skin conditions

A

wash hands with soap and water

74
Q

Other ways to prevent the spread of contagious skin conditions

A
  • discourage wearing soiled/damp practice clothes
  • encourage showers immediately after activity
  • regularly clean equipment
75
Q

Two main implications to adopting a biopsychosocial approach to understanding sport injury

A
  • the occurrence of sport injury is influenced by interactions between biological, psychological, and social variables
  • sport injury can affect not only physical functioning but also psychological and social functioning
76
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A
77
Q

Psychological

A

behaviors, emotions, belief, perceptions, expectations

78
Q

Social

A

economics, education, family, work, leisure

79
Q

Biological

A

strength, pathology, movement, tissue tolerance

Athletic Injuries & Care (1 decks)

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