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Pre-ID > Final exam study guide > Flashcards

Final exam study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Amoxil

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2
Q

Amoxicillin/clavulanate

A

Augmentin

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3
Q

Ampicillin/sulbactam

A

unasyn

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4
Q

Piperacillin/tazobactam

A

Zosyn

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5
Q

cefazolin

A

Ancef

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6
Q

Cephalexin

A

Keflex

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7
Q

Cefuroxime

A

Ceftin

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8
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Rocephin

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9
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Fortaz

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10
Q

Cefepime

A

Maxipime

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11
Q

Ceftaroline

A

Teflaro

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12
Q

Meropenem

A

Merrem

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13
Q

Ertapenem

A

Invanz

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14
Q

Imipenem

A

Primaxin

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15
Q

Aztreonam

A

Azactam

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16
Q

Vancomycin

A

Vancocin

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17
Q

Daptomycin

A

Cubicin

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18
Q

Linezolid

A

Zyvox

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19
Q

Dalbavancin

A

Dalvance

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20
Q

Azithromycin

A

Zithromax

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21
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Cipro

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22
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Levaquin

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23
Q

Metronidazole

A

Flagyl

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24
Q

Clindamycin

A

Cleocin

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25
Q

TMP/SMX

A

Bactrim

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26
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Macrobid

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27
Q

Amoxicillin Drug class

A

BL;amino-PCN

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28
Q

amoxicillin/clavulanate drug class

A

BL; amino-PCN/B-lactamase inhibitor

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29
Q

Piperacillin/tazobactam drug class

A

BL; PCN/ B-lactamase inhibitor

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30
Q

Cefazolin drug class

A

BL; 1st generation cephalosporin

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31
Q

Cephalexin drug class

A

BL; 1st generation cephalosporin

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32
Q

Cefuroxime drug class

A

BL; 2nd generation cephalosporin

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33
Q

Ceftriaxone drug class

A

BL; 3rd generation cephalosporin

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34
Q

Ceftazidime drug class

A

BL; 3rd generation cephalosporin

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35
Q

Cefepime drug class

A

BL; 4th generation cephalosporin

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36
Q

Ceftaroline drug class

A

BL; 5th generation cephalosporin

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37
Q

Meropenem drug class

A

Carbapenem

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38
Q

Ertapenem drug class

A

Carbapenem

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39
Q

Imipenem drug class

A

carbapenem

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40
Q

Aztreonam drug class

A

Monobactam

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41
Q

Vancomycin drug class

A

Glycopeptide

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42
Q

Daptomycin drug class

A

Lipopeptide

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43
Q

Linezolid drug class

A

Oxazolidinoe

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44
Q

Dalbavancin drug class

A

Lipoglycopeptides

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45
Q

Azithromycin drug class

A

Macrolide

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46
Q

Ciprofloxacin drug class

A

Fluoroquinolone

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47
Q

Levofloxcin drug class

A

Fluoroquinolone

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48
Q

Metronidazole drug class

A

Antianaerobic

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49
Q

TMP/SMX drug class

A

Sulfonamide

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50
Q

What are the moderate-to-high risk organisms producing AmpC b-lactamase?

A

H: Hafnia alvei
E: Enterobacter cloacae
C: Citrobacter Freundii
K: Klebsiella aerogenes
Y: Yersinia enterocolitica

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51
Q

What is the DOC for ESBL-producing gram-negative rod bacteria?

A

Carbapenems

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52
Q

Gram stain morphology of Escherichia coli

A

GNR, lactose fermenting, oxidase negative

53
Q

Gram stain morphology of Klebsiella

A

GNR, lactose fermenting, oxidase negative

54
Q

Enterobacter Gram stain morphology

A

GNR, lactose fermenting, oxidase negative

55
Q

Proteus sp. Gram stain morphology

A

GNR, non-lactose fermenting, oxidase negative

56
Q

Neisseria meningitidis Gram stain morphology

A

Gram negative diplococci

57
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gram stain morphology

A

Gram negative diplococci

57
Q

Haemophilus influenzae gram stain morphology

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

58
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis gram stain morphology

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

59
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram stain morphology

A

Non-lactose fermenter, oxidase positive, GNR

60
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii gram stain morphology

A

GNR, non-lactose fermenter, oxidase negative

61
Q

C. difficile gram stain morphology

A

Spore forming, GNR anaerobe

62
Q

Bacteroides fragilis gram stain morphology

A

GNR anaerobe

63
Q

Escherichia coli habitat

A

GI tract

64
Q

Klebsiella sp. habitat

A

GI tract; can colonize in nasopharynx

65
Q

Enterobacter habitat

A

GI tract

66
Q

Neisseria menigitidis habitat

A

respiratory tract

67
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae habitat

A

Genitourinary tract

68
Q

Haemophiles influenzae habitat

A

respiratory tractm

69
Q

moraxella catarrhalis habitat

A

respiratory tract

70
Q

Pseudomonas aerugunosa habitat

A

skin, upper respiratory tract, colon; moist surface

71
Q

Acinetobacter fragilis habitat

A

skin, wounds, respiratory and GI tract

72
Q

C. Difficile habitat

A

GI

73
Q

Bacteroides fragilis habitat

A

GI, especially colon

74
Q

Atypical habitat

A

Respiratory tract

75
Q

What are the atypical bacteria?

A

Legionella spp., Mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae

76
Q

Primary treatment for Escherichia coli

A

Nitrofurantoin (only for cystitis)
1-3rd gen cephalosporins
FQ- cipro and levaquin
Bactrim
More resistant: cefepime, zosyn
ESBL-producing strains: carbapenems

77
Q

Klebsiella sp. primary treatment

A

Nitrofurantoin (only for cystitis)
1-3rd gen cephalosporins
FQ- cipro and levaquin
Bactrim
More resistant: cefepime, zosyn
ESBL-producing strains: carbapenems

78
Q

Primary treatment for Enterobacter sp.

A

2nd-3rd gen cephalosporins
FD: cipro and levaquin
AmpC producing strains: cefepime or carbapenems

79
Q

Primary treatment for proteus sp.

A

1st-3rd gen cephalosporins
FQ: cipro and levaquin
Bactrim

80
Q

Primary treatment for Neisseria meningitidis

A

Ceftriaxone
sometimes penicillin G

81
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae primary treatment

A

Ceftriaxone

82
Q

Haemophilus influenzae primary treatment

A

2st-3rd generation cephalosporins
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Respiratory FQ: levofloxacin

83
Q

Primary treatment for moraxella catarrhalis

A

2st-3rd generation cephalosporins
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
Respiratory FQ: levofloxacin

84
Q

Primary treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Anti-pseudomonal PCN: zosyn
Antipseudomonal cephalosporins: Ceftazidime, cefepime
Monobactam: aztreonam
Carbapenems except ertapenem
Cipro and levaquin
Aminoglycosides
Difficult-to-treat: ceftolozane/tazobactam

85
Q

Primary treatment for acinetobacter baumannii

A

Carbapenems except ertapenem
Unasyn

86
Q

Primary treatment for C. difficile

A

Vancomycin PO
Fidaxomicin PO

87
Q

Primary treatment for Bacteroides fragilis

A

DOC: metronidazole
Unasyn, Augmentin
Zosyn
carbapenems

88
Q

Primary treatment for atypicals

A

Macrolides - Azithromycin
Tetracyclines - Doxycycline
FQ - Levaquin

89
Q

What are the common infections in the Nose?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

90
Q

What are the common infection of the mouth?

A

Viridans Streptococci
Anaerobes

91
Q

What are the common infections of upper respiratory tract (throat)?

A

Streptococci
Haemophilus influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis

92
Q

What are the common infections of the lower respiratory tract?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenza
Atypicals

93
Q

What are the common infections of the GI?

A

Enteric Gram-negative rods
Anaerobes
Enterococci
Streptococci

94
Q

What are the common infections of the skin??

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococci

95
Q

What are the common infections of the Urinary tract?

A

E. coli
S. saprophyticus
Group B Streptococci

96
Q

If the lab reports the bug as “Gram-positive cocci in clusters” it is most likely what?

A

Staphylococcus spp.

97
Q

If the lab repots the bug as “Gram-positive cocci in pairs and/or chains” it is most likely what?

A

Streptococcus or Enterococcus spp.

98
Q

If the lab reports the bug as “Gram-positive diplococci” is is most likely what?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

99
Q

If the lab reports the bug as “Gram-negative coccobacilli” it is most likely what?

A

Haemophilius spp. or Moraxella spp.

100
Q

If the lab reports the bug as “lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli” it is most likely what?

A

Enterobacteria (E.coli, Klebsiella or enterobacter)

101
Q

If the lab reports the bug as “non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, oxidase-positive” it is most likely what?

A

Pseudomonas spp.

102
Q

If the lab reports the bus as “acid fast bacilli” it is most likely what?

A

Mycobacterium spp, including TB

103
Q

If the lab reports the bug as “budding yeast” it is most likely what?

A

Candida spp.

104
Q

What is the Gram-stain morphology of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

GPC in clusters, coagulase +

105
Q

What is the Gram-stain morphology of Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

GPC in clusters, coagulase negative

106
Q

What is the Gram-stain morphology of Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

A

GC in clusters, coagulase negative

107
Q

What is the Gram-stain morphology of Viridans streptococci?

A

GPC in chains and pairs, alpha hemolytic

108
Q

What is the Gram-stain morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

GPC in chains and pairs, alpha hemolytic

109
Q

What is the Gram-stain morphology of Streptococcus pyogens?

A

GPC in chains and pairs, Beta-hemolytic

110
Q

What is the Gram-stain morphology of Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

GPC in chains and pairs, B-hemolytic

111
Q

What is the Gram-stain morphology of Enterococcus?

A

GPC in chains and pairs, y-hemolytic

112
Q

What is the habitat of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

nose and skin

113
Q

What is the habitat of Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

skin

114
Q

What is the habitat of Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

A

Genital and perineum

115
Q

What is the habitat of Viridans streptococci?

A

Oral cavity

116
Q

What is the habitat of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

upper respiratory tract

117
Q

What is the habitat of Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

vaginal/GI

118
Q

What is the habitat of Streptococcus pyogens?

A

skin and throat

119
Q

What is the habitat of enterococcus?

A

GI

120
Q

Primary treatment for Staphylococcus aureus?

A

MSSA-nafcillin/oxacillin, cefazolin
MRSA- Vancomycin IV, daptomycin, linezolid

121
Q

Primary treatment for Staphylococcus epidermidis?

A

MSSE- nafcillin/oxacillin, cefazolin
MRSE- vancomycin, daptomycin, Linezolid and or rifampin

122
Q

Primary treatment for Staphylococcus saprophyticus

A

Bactrim, nirtofurantoin

123
Q

Primary treatment for Viridians streptococci?

A

Penicillin, amoxicillin

124
Q

Primary treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin, azithromycin
Ceftriaxone, respiratory FQ
Vancomycin

125
Q

Primary treatment for Streptococcus agalactiae?

A

Penicillin, amoxicillin

126
Q

Primary treatment for Streptococcus agalactiae

A

Penicillin, amoxicillin

127
Q

Primary treatment for Enterococcus

A

Ampicillin or vancomycin +/- aminoglycoside
VRE- daptomycin, linezolid

Pre-ID (7 decks)

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