Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
In general, the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles focused mainly on punishing who?
Germany
__________ was a general who became the Prime Minister of Japan.
Hideki Tojo
___________ was the Fascist party leader who became the dictator of Italy.
Benito Mussolini
__________ led the Soviet Union during WWII.
Joseph Stalin
_______ led the Nazi party in Germany.
Hiltler
_____________ was the British Prime Minister during WWII, which ended the policy of Appeasement.
Winston Churchill
In Italy’s fascist state, the state was glorified over the individual; the government controlled the people and tolerated no _______.
opposition
The key characteristic of fascism in the 1920s and 1930s was supremacy of the _____.
state
As a show of force, Mussolini orchestrated this event which showed the constitutional monarchy in Italy that he was willing to take over the government by force if need be. What was this event?
The March on Rome
Under Mussolini’s rule in Italy, there was a _____-party dictatorship.
single
What was a cause of Stalin’s Great Purge?
Political paranoia of opposition
In implementing purges, Stalin was attempting to eliminate the ______ to his authority.
opposition
A _______ state is a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens.
totalitarian
In writing ______ ______ Hitler outlined his Blue Print for Germany’s future.
Mein Kampf
In 1931, Japanese ultranationalists seized the Chinese province of ________.
Manchuria
The Japanese attacked Manchuria in large part because they needed the _________ and _________.
natural resources + land / living space.
Who emerged as the military leader of Japan prior to WWII?
Hideki Tojo
In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws, which deprived ________ of German citizenship.
Jewish people
What measure (action) did the Nazis take that was a rejection of the Versailles Treaty first?
Rearming their military
Prior to Hitler’s invasion of Poland, the Nazis and the Soviets signed a non-agression pact promising not to attack each other. What did the Nazi-Soviet Pact accomplish for Germany?
Free hand to invade to Poland
Which policy is reflected in the statement below regarding the British attempt of preventing another war?:
“My good friends, for the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time . . . Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.” - Neville Chamberlain
Appeasement
By sending troops into the ______ in 1936 Hitler violated the Treaty of _______.
Rhineland + Versailles
What was the usual first stage of Hitler’s blitzkrieg strategy?
Aerial attacks
The quote below is reference to which World War II battle:
“We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.” - Winston Churchill
Battle of Britain
World War II began in Europe when Germany invaded ______ in September 1939.
Poland
Hitler used which military strategy when invading Poland?
Blitzkrieg
What happened at Dunkirk in the spring of 1940?
Operation Dynamo – the rescue of hundreds of thousands of soldiers from the French port of Dunkirk
Great Britain stopped the German Luftwaffe at the Battle of _______.
Britain
What did the Soviet Union do during Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939?
Invade Poland from the East
Hitler decided to invade the Soviet Union because he wanted the Soviet Union’s vast ________.
natural resources
Who inspired the British people to resist the German invasion?
Winston Churchill
Which country had gained control of most of Western Europe by 1940?
Germany
What U.S. action influenced the Japanese decision to attack the United States in 1941?
The U.S. banned the sale of Iron, steel, and oil to Japan
People considered by the Nazis to be “undesirable” were imprisoned in __________________.
concentration camps
The Japanese leaders believed they could destroy the American Pacific Fleet at ___________.
Pearl Harbor
What caused the United States to enter WWII?
Pearl Harbor
In 1942, what priority did Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin set in the war?
To achieve victory in Europe before trying to achieve it in Asia / Focus on Europe
The U.S. strategy of “island-hopping” in the Pacific allowed the U.S. to gradually move north toward _______.
Japan
Which battle is considered the turning point in the Pacific War?
Battle of Midway
The Germans were finally halted in their advance into the Soviet Union at the Battle of _____.
Stalingrad
Why was the strategy, illustrated in the map below, important during World War II? Map of Island Hopping in the Pacific
It allowed the Allies to establish naval bases on each of the islands
In what part of the world were the battles of the Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima and Okinawa fought?
The Pacific
The complicated Allied invasion to take Europe back from the Axis Powers began on ______.
D-Day
What was the “final solution to the Jewish question,” announced by the Nazis at the Wannsee Conference?
Mass genocide
The slaughter of European Jews by the Nazis became known as what?
The Holocaust
The “author” of the Manhattan Project was…
Oppenheimer
The goal of the Manhattan Project was to …
Build an atomic bomb
What site in Tennessee was created as a part of the Manhattan Project?
Oak Ridge
Who were the kamikaze?
Japanese suicide pilots
V-E Day, May 8, 1945, marked the end of the war in ______.
Europe
What finally brought an end to World War II?
The Atomic bomb dropping on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
One of Stalin’s major goals in Eastern Europe after World War II was to create a protective __________ of friendly governments.
buffer zone
After Germany surrendered, the Allies decided at Yalta to…
Divide Germany among the Allies
What aspect of the Cold War arms race made it so terrifying?
Nuclear weapons
Border between North Korea and South Korea.
The 38th parallel
Plan which proposed that the U.S. provide aid to all European Nations that needed it in order to rebuild after WWII.
Marshall Plan
Policy of preventing any extension of communist rule.
Containment
Imaginary line dividing democratic Western Europe from Communist Eastern Europe.
Iron Curtain
What policy is being described in this quote: “It must be the policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”
Truman Doctrine
After World War II, the United States offered assistance to war-torn European nations through what plan?
The Marshall Plan
During the Korean War, which nation provided hundreds of thousands of troops to help North Korea?
China
What alliance was dedicated to the security of communist nations in Europe during the Cold War?
The Warsaw Treaty Organization
The Truman Doctrine was rooted in the idea of . . .
containment
A major reason why countries were drawn to communism after World War II was because communist groups promised economic __________ and better living standards for the population.
prosperity
What was the intent of the below speech delivered by Winston Churchill after World War II? :
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow.”
Warning of the dangers of communism
Which alliance was created after World War II as a defensive measure against aggressor nations?
NATO
The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were a social reform programs led by which leader?
Mao Zedong
The Great Leap Forward was strongly criticized as a ______.
failure
From your understanding of the Domino Theory and the image above, what is true? Dominoes labeled as various Asian countries falling down
The United States reasoned the Domino Theory justified involvement in Southeast Asia
The “Bay of Pigs” refers to a ________ attempt to overthrow the _________ government.
U.S. + communist
The map explains which cause of American fears in the 1960’s? Map of the Soviet Missile Installations in Cuba
94 miles off the coast of the United States
The Berlin Wall was built in order to prevent _____ Germans from defecting (escaping) to ______ Germany.
East + West
The political cartoon shown below was published shortly after what event? Image of Russia and the U.S.’s leaders trying to keep in a nuclear beast
The Cuban Missile Crisis
During the Vietnam War, the Tet Offensive turned American public opinion _______ the war.
against
The United States became involved in Vietnam, in part, because of the Truman Doctrine which emphasized stopping the spread of _______.
communism
How would you best describe the Vietcong’s war strategy in Vietnam?
Guerrilla warfare characterized by ambushing, underground attacks etc.
Ultimately, the end of the Vietnam War resulted in _________ control of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.
communist
What conflict was called the Soviet Union’s “Vietnam?”
Soviet Afghan war
The Middle East has strategic global importance because it has large ____ and gas reserves.
oil
What was the reaction in 1947 to the United Nations plan to divide Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states?
The Jewish people were happy about it, the Palestinian people were outraged
Why has Jerusalem been a stumbling block in peace negotiations between Arabs and Israelis?
Both sides claim it to be a holy place for them
