Final Exam Study

Question 1

What are the symptoms of Hypoxia?

Answer 1

• Weakness
• Sense of touch and pain diminished
• Impaired judgement
• Moodiness
• Headache
• Vision deterioration
• Altered respiration
• Reduced colour discrimination and night vision
• Cyanosis - blue skin
• Euphoria

Question 2

What is the quickest way to combat hypoxia?

Answer 2

Access to 100% oxygen

Question 3

What are the symptoms of hyperventilation?

Answer 3

• light headedness
• numbness and tingling
• increased pulse rate
• pale and clammy
• chest pain
• blurred vision
• drowsiness
• fainting

Question 4

What is ‘Time of Useful Consciousness’?

Answer 4

The amount of time elapsed from the
interruption of oxygen supply (or individual exposure to
an oxygen poor environment) to the time where the
individual is no longer capable of performing routine
flying tasks or taking proper corrective action against
hypoxia.

Question 5

When can hyperventilation occur?

Answer 5

When exposed to situations of high stress, fright or pain.

The body usually responds by breathing faster than normal, occurs with inexperienced pilots in new situations.

Question 6

What is the quickest way to combat hyperventilation?

Answer 6

Breathe into a brown paper bag to restore bloods chemical balance.

Question 7

How does carbon monoxide poisoning occur?

Answer 7

Exposure to exhaust gases, it causes infinity with haemoglobin.

Question 8

What are some of the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Answer 8

• headache
• vision impaired
• nausea
• slow breathing
• red complexion
• convulsions
• coma and death eventually

Question 9

How do the eyes create an image?

Answer 9

Eyes collect light rays reflected form an object, which pass through the cornea, the lenses then focus these rays, and gives an image on retina.

Question 10

What is the optic nerve?

Answer 10

Bundle of nerve fibres that carry visual signals to the brain.

Question 11

What is the difference between short-sightedness and long-sightedness?

Answer 11

Short-sightedness (Myopia) - cornea and lens focus the rays from a distant object not on the retina but in front of it

Long-sightedness (Hyperopia or Hypermetropia) -occurs when the cornea and the lens focus the rays beyond the retina.

Question 12

What is a common condition related to the eye that the aging pilot experiences?

Answer 12

Cataracts - these cause a gradual clouding of the eye.

Question 13

What two types of cells in the retina make up colour?

Answer 13

Rod Cells –>Black and =White

Cone Cells –> Colour

Question 14

What chemical affects the sensitivity of Rod Cells?

Answer 14

The sensitivity depends on amount of Rhodopsin (or visual purple) present. Rhodopsin is destroyed by bleaching on exposure to light.

Question 15

In the dark, how long can it take Rod Cells to adapt?

Answer 15

10 - 30 mins

Question 16

Are males or females more prone to colour blindness?

Answer 16

Males, as the gene is carried on the X chromosome.

Question 17

What is Boyles’ Law?

Answer 17

The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure in the container

Question 18

What is Charles’ Law?

Answer 18

The volume of a gas is proportional to temp. at a constant pressure.

Question 19

What is Daltons’ Law?

Answer 19

The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture

Question 20

What is Henrys’ Law?

Answer 20

At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.

Question 21

What is Grahams’ Law?

Answer 21

A gas will defuse through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 22

What causes motion sickness?

Answer 22

Brain receives different signals from ear and eyes

Question 23

What are some of the common symptoms of motion sickness?

Answer 23

• hyperventilation
• sweats
• headache
• fatigue
• vomiting

Question 24

What are the two sections of the vestibular system?

Answer 24

Two Sections;

• semi-circular canals - rotation
• Ortolith organs - linear acceleration

Question 25

What are the two types of illusions?

Answer 25

1) Somatogenic

2) Somatogravic

Question 26

What are some types of somatogenic illusions?

Answer 26

Lean illusions → false sensations of altitude
Graveyard Spin → pilot enters spin but after leaving spin renter as ears have not adjusted
Coriolis → when a pilot isd in a turn and bends the head downward or backward

Question 27

What are some types of somatogravic illusions?

Answer 27

Inversion - abrupt change from climb to S & L causes excessive stimulation of the gravity and linear accelerations sensory organs
Head-up - illusion involves a sudden forward linear acceleration during level flight where the pilot perceives that the nose of the aircraft is pitching up
Head-down - involves a sudden linear deceleration during level flight where the pilot perceives that the nose of the aircraft is pitching down

Question 28

What is the Acronym used to test if a pilot is ‘fit to fly’?

Answer 28

IMSAFE

• Illness
• Medication
• Stress
• Alcohol
• Fatigue
• Emotion

Question 29

What gas law describes why the trapping of gas in body cavities causes pain during pressure changes?

Answer 29

Boyles’ Law

Question 30

How long must you be grounded after a vaccination?

Answer 30

24 hours

Question 31

What is an EEG?

Answer 31

Records electrical activity in the brain.