Final Exam Study Flashcards
What are the symptoms of Hypoxia?
- Weakness
- Sense of touch and pain diminished
- Impaired judgement
- Moodiness
- Headache
- Vision deterioration
- Altered respiration
- Reduced colour discrimination and night vision
- Cyanosis - blue skin
- Euphoria
What is the quickest way to combat hypoxia?
Access to 100% oxygen
What are the symptoms of hyperventilation?
- light headedness
- numbness and tingling
- increased pulse rate
- pale and clammy
- chest pain
- blurred vision
- drowsiness
- fainting
What is ‘Time of Useful Consciousness’?
The amount of time elapsed from the
interruption of oxygen supply (or individual exposure to
an oxygen poor environment) to the time where the
individual is no longer capable of performing routine
flying tasks or taking proper corrective action against
hypoxia.
When can hyperventilation occur?
When exposed to situations of high stress, fright or pain.
The body usually responds by breathing faster than normal, occurs with inexperienced pilots in new situations.
What is the quickest way to combat hyperventilation?
Breathe into a brown paper bag to restore bloods chemical balance.
How does carbon monoxide poisoning occur?
Exposure to exhaust gases, it causes infinity with haemoglobin.
What are some of the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
- headache
- vision impaired
- nausea
- slow breathing
- red complexion
- convulsions
- coma and death eventually
How do the eyes create an image?
Eyes collect light rays reflected form an object, which pass through the cornea, the lenses then focus these rays, and gives an image on retina.
What is the optic nerve?
Bundle of nerve fibres that carry visual signals to the brain.
What is the difference between short-sightedness and long-sightedness?
Short-sightedness (Myopia) - cornea and lens focus the rays from a distant object not on the retina but in front of it
Long-sightedness (Hyperopia or Hypermetropia) -occurs when the cornea and the lens focus the rays beyond the retina.
What is a common condition related to the eye that the aging pilot experiences?
Cataracts - these cause a gradual clouding of the eye.
What two types of cells in the retina make up colour?
Rod Cells –>Black and =White
Cone Cells –> Colour
What chemical affects the sensitivity of Rod Cells?
The sensitivity depends on amount of Rhodopsin (or visual purple) present. Rhodopsin is destroyed by bleaching on exposure to light.
In the dark, how long can it take Rod Cells to adapt?
10 - 30 mins
Are males or females more prone to colour blindness?
Males, as the gene is carried on the X chromosome.
What is Boyles’ Law?
The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure in the container
What is Charles’ Law?
The volume of a gas is proportional to temp. at a constant pressure.
What is Daltons’ Law?
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture
What is Henrys’ Law?
At a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.
What is Grahams’ Law?
A gas will defuse through a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What causes motion sickness?
Brain receives different signals from ear and eyes
What are some of the common symptoms of motion sickness?
- hyperventilation
- sweats
- headache
- fatigue
- vomiting
What are the two sections of the vestibular system?
Two Sections;
- semi-circular canals - rotation
- Ortolith organs - linear acceleration
What are the two types of illusions?
1) Somatogenic
2) Somatogravic
What are some types of somatogenic illusions?
Lean illusions → false sensations of altitude
Graveyard Spin → pilot enters spin but after leaving spin renter as ears have not adjusted
Coriolis → when a pilot isd in a turn and bends the head downward or backward
What are some types of somatogravic illusions?
Inversion - abrupt change from climb to S & L causes excessive stimulation of the gravity and linear accelerations sensory organs
Head-up - illusion involves a sudden forward linear acceleration during level flight where the pilot perceives that the nose of the aircraft is pitching up
Head-down - involves a sudden linear deceleration during level flight where the pilot perceives that the nose of the aircraft is pitching down
What is the Acronym used to test if a pilot is ‘fit to fly’?
IMSAFE
- Illness
- Medication
- Stress
- Alcohol
- Fatigue
- Emotion
What gas law describes why the trapping of gas in body cavities causes pain during pressure changes?
Boyles’ Law
How long must you be grounded after a vaccination?
24 hours
What is an EEG?
Records electrical activity in the brain.
