Final Exam Study Flashcards
Identification of projects that will lead to greatest improvements.
Pareto Analysis
Identification of root causes in effects of system problems.
Fish Diagram
Facilitates project status and progress tracking.
Gantt Chart
Identify optimum schedule for project completion
PERT Chart
Identify work, task and environment factors that might cause work delays.
Job/Worksite Analysis
exploratory tools used to aid in project selection:
Pareto, Fish, Gantt AnalysisJob/Worksite, PERT,
The three components of Total Work Content in an operation:
Total Operation Time, Total Work Content, Total ineffective time
Total Operation Time
i. Total time of operation under existing conditions
ii. Total time of operation under future conditions when methods engineering, standards, and work design are not practiced.
Total Work Content
i. Basic
ii. Excess WC from design or spec. defects
iii. Excess WC from poor methods
Total ineffective Time
i. Due to management shortcomings
ii. Factors under worker control
Slack Event Time
i. Tolerable delay in start of activity
1. LS_i – ES_i
Slack Activity Time
i. Tolerable delay in time to complete activity
1. LS_j – ES_i – T_ij
four principles of motion economy:
a. Minimize eye fixation
b. Plan for curved motions
c. Plan frequent and intermittent breaks that are brief
d. Design tasks so that most workers can do them.
List and describe the five classes of human movement by body parts:
a. Fingers: Typing and grasping
b. Wrist: Positioning a part
c. Forearm: Placing part in bin
d. Shoulder/Upper Arm: Reaching for something on a high shelf.
e. Whole Body/ Truck: Lifting a heavy box.
Motion Study
method of studying a task for unnecessary movements determined by therbligs.
Time Study
Method of timing a trained operator at a task to determine a fair days work.
Examples of Effective therblig
Grasp, Release
Examples of ineffective therblig
Search, Select
What is min-max regret?
For each state, find the max . Then subtract each alternative. When this is done for all the states, find the max in each , the min of the max’s is the answer.
What is minimum satisfactory?
For each state that is > than the level of aspiration add the probabilities. The alternative with the largest probability is the one to choose.
Total Present Worth
Profit(1+i)^(-year) - cost(1+i)^(-year)
Advantage of work sampling
Only needs one observer for many operators where traditional methods need more than one/operator
Advantage of work sampling
Overall takes up less time since the operator doesn’t have to be observed for an entire process, but just a specific action.
Three work measurement techniques.
Time study, Standard Data, Work Sampling
How long it takes a worker to perform a task.
Observed time.
The observed time * Work Rating
Normal Time
Normal Time * ( 1 + PFD)
Standard Time
Short duration & not recordable; dropped from the total OT and the # of observations.
Circled Wild Elements
Recordable; Subtracted from the total OT for a work element; The # of samples is not reduced due to this element.
Lettered Foreign Elements
Calculating Cycles of element operations (equation)
n = ( t * s/k*x)^2
t - t statistic not alpha/2
True or False: Predetermined Time Systems are basically synthetic times.
True
What is the performance ratings assumed in MTM-1 pre-determined motion times.
100% of workers
Work Factors Considered in defining a move in the MTM-1 system (4)
Distance to move, object weight, dynamic factors, static factors
Return on Sales
Average(Gross Profit)/Average(Increase of Sales)
Return on Investment
Average(Gross Profit)/Total Investment
Payback Period
1/(ROI%)
Total Present Worth
Average(Time valued)
Efficiency of line with 1 operator
(Sum of Standard Time/ # of operations)/ Largest Std. Time
Picking the minimum number of machines for an operator leads to…
operator idle time
Picking the maximum number of machines for an operator leads to…
machine idle time
Three main outcomes of time study?
Fair pay, fair time, decrease cost/increase efficiency
First 4 steps of the Methods Engineering Process
- Select project
- Get and Present Data
- Analyze Data
- Develop method for implementation
Last 4 steps of the Methods Engineering Process
- Present and Install Method
- Develop Job analysis
- Time study of method
- Follow up
This chart identifies ares of improvement in a system of multiple machines and one worker by showing idle times of machines.
Worker & machine process chart
This chart essentially depicts the ideal layout of a plant.
Flow Diagram
Q_i = P(X) (Max outcome) + (1-P(X)) (min outcome)
Coefficient of Optimism - X (MCDM)
For each state multiply the alternative by the given probability. The highest sum of the alternatives is to be picked.
Expected Return MCDM
What is the ADA 1991
-Requires companies with >= 15 employees to make reasonable accommodation for disabled people who can perform the majority of the skills for a job.
ADA effects on Job desciptions
- Made job descriptions more specific so unqualified people would not apply.
Three main difference between Job Analysis and Job Evaluation
- Analysis precedes evaluation
- Analysis focuses on detail specific to job function
- Evaluation uses analysis to determine the worth of the job to the company, done by a committee.
