Final Exam Study Flashcards
what is primary prevention
directed at preventing illegal acts among the juvenile population as a whole before they occur by alleviating social conditions related to the offenders
what is secondary prevention
seeks to identify juveniles who appear to be at high risk for delinquency and/or abuse and to intervene their lives early
what is tertiary prevention
attempts to prevent further legal acts among offender once such acts have been committed
what project did not show evidence of delinquency being reduced or prevented
Chicago project in the 1930s
teen courts
aimed at helping
drug and mental health courts
aimed at helping
girls court
courts for girls that are more based on helping them and giving chances
scared straight
try to reduce delinquency among teens by showing them what its like if they continue down that path
big brother big sisters of America
community and school based mentoring
juvenile mentoring program (JUMP)
modify behavior of youth, decrease gang participation and school drop out rates
wilderness programs
remove distractions and involve small, closely supervised groups
follow through
helps keep pace in early education
Juvenile delinquency prevention and control act (1968)
Juvenile justice and delinquency prevention act (1974)
Both programs provide federal funds to the states for delinquency prevention programs (developed programs for juvenile delinquency)
other federal programs
head start, youth opportunities, and job corps programs
community policing
officers walk on foot through neighborhoods and try to be role models for kids
other agencies
YMCA/YWCA, community mental health clinics, boy and Girl Scouts of America
what is a prosecutor
play a key role and decides on use of juvenile court
what is a defense council
represent juvs for delinquency, dependency, mental health, transfer/wavier, disposition, probation revocation, or any other disciplinary proceedings
what is a private counsel
expense of parent
public defenders/court appointed
free, 6th amendment, dependent upon conflict of interest
juvenile court judges
decides matter of law and fact as well as the final disposition
have wide degree of discretion and flexibility
2 types of juvenile court judges
parent figure - judge genuinely concerned about the total well-being of the juvenile; primary concern in juvs best interest
lawgiver - concerned primarily that al procedural requirements are fulfilled; more rigid in following the letter go the law and less flexible
masters
assist juvenile court judges - chosen personally by the judge; high degree of trust
parent/juv right to be before the judge
juvenile probation officers as law enforcement
enforce laws and probation conditions
juvenile probation officers as juvenile advocates
give trust; look out for juvenile
juvenile probation officers as social worker
cause appropriate treatment; monitor home life
juvenile probation officers as expression of probationers
know them, see them, test them
duties of chief probation officers
personnel management; financial management; service provider contracts; state audits and guidelines; training of staff
victim advocates
victim services
court appointed special advocates (CASA)
assigned one case; give advice on behalf of children who are victims of abuse or neglect
children and family services
CPS/GPS
Thompson V. Oklahoma (1988)
given death penalty even though he was a juvenile
Stanford v. Kentucky (1989)
USSC - <16 can be given death penalty
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
USSC - death at 16/17 is ok per 8th amendment
USSC ruling on death penalty
no one <18 can get death penalty
Graham v. Florida (2010)
USSC - no life w/out parole unless homicide
Miller v. alabama (2012)
USSC - no juvs life w/out parole
Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016)
USSC - retroactive sentencing for all
net widening
brining children who otherwise would not have been labeled to the attention of juvenile authorities; increases stigmatization
territorial jealousy
resenting outside interference/suggestions
pure diversion
referrals to programs outside of the justice system prior to juveniles entering the system
secondary diversion
designed to suspend or terminate juvenile justice processing of juveniles in favor of release or referral to alternate services
pre adjudication
modifying offensive behavior by intervening prior to adjudication
post adjudication
modifying offensive behavior by intervening after adjudication
prevention
action of stopping something from happening
bifurcated hearing process
two parts
probation revocation
someone is on probation, but the young person does something to screw it up several times repeatedly, probation can then be revoked
ambiguous role
must search and secure rehabilitative treatments while remaining fiscally responsible and be able to acknowledge when options for rehabilitation are requested
technical violation
characterized by the probationer flagrantly ignoring the terms or conditions of probation but not actually committing a new crime
victim offender reconciliation program
meditation program that used the payment of restitution directly by the offender as its core
John augustus
considered father of probation
factors considered by judges
attitude, aggravated and mitigating circumstances
mitigating factors
age and family life
aggravating factors
repeated offenses, the use of weapons, violence or coercion
national probation act
federal act that mandated officers on both state and federal levels
most frequent dispostion
probation (90%)
probation terms
max is 2 years but is reviewed every 6 months
