Final Exam Shit! Flashcards
OPIM
other potentially infectious materials
-treat all human blood and OPIM as if known to be infectious with bloodborne disease
when do needlesticks occur?
40% during use
40% after use
15% during disposal
5% recapping
break in skin from needle or other sharp**
2 common problems in patients when doing needlestick?
fainting
allergic reaction
major contraindications for injection?
hypersensitivity
inflamed/irritated skin
pregnant/breastfeeding
stopper latex - patient allergic
intradermal injection?
10-15 degrees
small syringe and small gauge needle
-creates a wheal**
for diagnostic and local anesthetics
subQ injection?
45-90 (45 degrees preferred)
slow-sustained absorption
abdomen, upper arm, anterior thigh, glutes
variety of needle and syringe sizes
intramuscular injection
90 degree angle
rapid, systemic action of lage dose of medication
vaccine injection
syringe and needle size vary greatly
injection site for IM injection?
deltoid gluteus medius vastus lateralis rectus femoris gluteus maximus
size of needle?
anesthesia 30 gauge
injection 22-25 gauge
aspiration 18-20 gauge
lidocaine versus bupivicaine?
lidocaine is short duration
bupivicaine is log duration (nerve block)
epinephrine?
can be mixed with lido or bupiv for vasoconstriction
post injection care?
dressing 8-12 hours
ice (15 minutes 1-2x per hour)
NSAIDs first 24-48 hours
shoulder injection?
glenohumeral
acromioclavicular
hand injection?
carpal tunnel
first carpometacarpal joint
trigger finger
de Quervains tenosynovitis
finkelstein test
dequervains tenosynovitis
elbow injection?
olecranon bursitis
epicondylitis
humerus, radius, ulna triangle
trigger point injections?
3x
local anesthetic
advance until reach tenderpoint
basis of most radiologic dyes?
iodine (shellfish allergy as well)
fixed drug reaction?
allergic reaction that happens with drug
always occurs in the same location
mcmurrays test
meniscus
drawer sign
ACL PCL
medial and lateral instability
medial/lateral collateral
sarcoma
cancer of connective tissue
ratio of BUN/Creatinine?
should be 10-20
liver function tests
bilirubin
albumin
prothrombin time
alkaline phosphatase level?
elevated for lots of problems
alkaline phosphatase
liver bone intestine placenta tumor
gotta fractionate it**
- will tell where it comes from
- majority bone and liver
sedimentation rate
indicates inflammatory process
-never diagnostic**
autoimmune
infection
neoplasm
osteosarcoma
malignant mesenchymal tumor
most common malignant tumor of bone
20% of all bone cancers
often in younger patients
association with retinoblastoma
anterior neck triangle?
superior - mandible
medial - midline of neck
lateral - sternocleidomastoid
posterior neck triangle?
inferior - clavicle
posterior - trapezius
anterior - sternocleidomastoid
throat cartilage?
thyroid - on top
cricoid - below thyroid
cervical lymph drainage
most to deep system
- deep to sternocleidomastoid
- not palpable
virchows node
supraclavicular of deep chain
sometimes palpable
thyroglossal duct cyst
of thyroglossal duct does not close before birth
-may form cyst
spurlings maneuver?
cervical compression test
- sidebending and compression to affected side
- radicular symptoms
maximum cervical compression test?
extension and rotation to same side as head is bent in spurlings
distraction test?
elevate head
-alleviate radicular symptoms
thoracic outlet syndrome
compression of vessels and nerves around clavicle
roos test
arms out abducted to 90 and flexed elbows
patient opens closes hands for 3 minutes
numbness or weakness - thoracic outlet syndrome
adsons test
palpate radial pulse with elbow and shoulder in extension
move arm into abduction and external rotation and have patient turn head AWAY from tested side
pulse diminished - thoracic outlet syndrome
rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
apley scratch test
scratch back with both arms
upper - external rotation and abduction
lower - internal rotation and adduction
strength test scale?
0 no active movement
1 muscle contraction, no movement
2 full active ROM with no gravity
3 full active ROM against gravity
4 full active ROM against partial resistance
5 full active ROM against full resistance
supraspinatus test?
abducts against resistance
subscapularis test?
internal rotation against resistance
infraspinatus/teres minor test?
external rotation against resistance
thoracohumeral group test?
adducts forearm against resistance
empty can test?
indicates injury to supraspinatus
lift off test
subscapularis injury
patient hand behind back
-lifts hand off back
crossover test
compresses AC joint
adduct arm across chest
drop arm test
patient slowly abducts arm from 90 degrees
indicates rotator cuff problem
apprehension test
arm abducted and externally rotated
-pressure gently forward
pain indicates loose joint capsule
obriens test
flex arm and adduct across chest
internally rotate with thumb pointing down and push down on arm
pain positive for labral tear
SLAP - superior labrum anterior to posterior
speeds test
test biceps tendon
patient resists flexion of arm
hawkins impingement sign
grasp patients elbow and distal forearm
passive external rotation - subscapularis
passive internal rotation - supraspinatus, teres minor, infraspinatus
nursemaids elbow
radial head dislocation
cubital tunnel syndrome
ulnar nerve compression behind medial epicondyle
tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis
extensor tendonitis
golfers elbow
medial epicondylitis
flexor tendonitis
varus test
lateral ligaments of elbow
valgus test
medial ligaments of elbow
heberdens node
distal interphalangeal
bouchards nodes
proximal interphalangeal
boutonnieres deformity
rheumatoid arthritis
tinels sign
tap over median nerve
carpal tunnel syndrome
-not specific, good for any compression neuropathy
phalens maneuver
flex wrists against one another
colles fracture?
distal radius fracture with fragment displaced dorsally
boxers fracture
distal 5th metacarpal
scaphoid fracture
snuffbox tenderness
poor blood supply**
dupuytrens contracture
4th and 5th digit palmar fascia thickening
trigger finger
inflammation of flexor digitorum tendon sheath
grind test
carpo-metacarpal osteoarthritis
rotate metacarpal and rotate back and forth
finkelsteins test
hold thumb - ulnar deviate wrist
positive - dequerveins disease
popliteal artery
posterior to knee
posterior tibial artery
posterior to medial malleolus
pulse ratings?
0 can’t palpate
1 diminished
2 normal briskness (expected)
3 bounding
auscultation of artery?
with bell
ankle brachial index
less than 0.9 = abnormal
-peripheral arterial disease
comparison of systolic pressures of each
allen test
patient opens and closes hand and fist several times
pressure over radial and ulnar arteries
release - should return color to hand (pink)
postural color change test
chronic PAD
elevated extremity for 1 minute
-if becomes pale, lower to observe return of color
acute arterial occlusion
embolus - often thromboembolus
sudden extreme pain
PAD
chronic inadequate aterial flow
muscle fatigue, weakness, cold feet
ankle-brachial index less than 0.9
venous valve competency test
patient supine, raise one leg to 90 degrees
-occlude great saphenous vein and lower leg
watch for slow filling with pressure
- release pressure
- if rapid distension, indicates rapid filling and incompetent valves
homans sign
flex knee and dorsiflex foot
-pain indicates thromboemboli
saphenous vein
great - medial
small - posterior
virchows triad
stasis
hypercoagubility
endothelial injury
results in DVT
thrombophlebitis
DVT in smaller leg vein
varicose vein
incompetent veins
mapping varicose veins
finger on vein
-tap, should feel pressure wave