Final EXAM sem 2 Flashcards
Operation Torch
The British-American invasion of French North Africa during World War II that started on November 8, 1942.
Operation Overlord
The code name for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II, starting on June 6, 1944 (D-Day).
Battle of Britian
A military campaign of World War II, in which the Royal Air Force defended the United Kingdom against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany’s air force, the Luftwaffe.
Battle of the Bulge
The last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II, launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France, and Luxembourg on December 16, 1944.
Pearl Harbor
A surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, just before 8:00 a.m. on December 7, 1941.
Battle of Midway
A decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place between June 4 and 7, 1942, six months after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor.
Battle of the Coral Sea
A major naval battle between the Imperial Japanese Navy and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia, fought from May 4 to 8, 1942.
Battle of Iwo Jima
A major battle in which the United States Marine Corps landed on and eventually captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
Women in the Military
Women served in various roles during World War II, including as nurses, clerical workers, and in non-combat positions, significantly contributing to the war effort.
Allied Invasion of Germany
The Allied forces invaded Germany from the west, leading to the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II.
Manhattan Project
A research and development project during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
Truman(why drop the bomb)
President Harry S. Truman decided to use atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to force Japan’s surrender and end World War II swiftly.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The two Japanese cities on which the United States dropped atomic bombs in August 1945, leading to Japan’s surrender and the end of World War II.
Rosie the Riveter
A cultural icon representing the American women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II.
Tuskegee Airmen
A group of African-American military pilots who fought in World War II, known for their exceptional skill and bravery.
Navajo Code-Talkers
Native American Marines who used their Navajo language to create an unbreakable code for transmitting secret military messages during World War II.
Island Hopping
A military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan, involving the capture of specific islands and bypassing others.
Executive Order 9066
An order signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 that led to the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
Red Scare
The fear of communism spreading in the United States, leading to a period of political repression and the persecution of suspected communists.
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
A committee of the U.S. House of Representatives that investigated alleged disloyalty and subversive activities.
Joseph McCarthy / McCarthyism
A period of intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States during the early 1950s, led by Senator Joseph McCarthy.
Ethel and Julius Rosenburg
A married couple who were convicted of espionage for allegedly passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union and were executed in 1953.
Fallout Shelter
Structures built during the Cold War to protect people from radioactive debris or fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion.
National Highway Act
A 1956 law that authorized the construction of a national interstate highway system, significantly improving transportation infrastructure in the United States.
Containment
A United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.
Marshall Plan
An American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe in economic support to help rebuild after the devastation of World War II.
Domino Theory
The idea that if one country fell to communism, neighboring countries would also fall, like a row of dominoes.
Truman Doctrine
A United States policy to provide economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism, first implemented in Greece and Turkey.
Eisenhower Doctrine
A policy enunciated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1957 promising military or economic aid to any Middle Eastern country needing help in resisting communist aggression.
Berlin Airlift
A military operation in 1948-1949 that brought food and other needed goods into West Berlin by air after the government of East Germany, which at that time surrounded West Berlin (later they built the Berlin Wall), had cut off its supply routes.
Arms Race
A competition between nations for superiority in the development and accumulation of weapons, particularly between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Mutually Assured Destruction
A doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.
Space Race
The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to achieve significant milestones in space exploration during the Cold War.
Sputnik
The first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, marking the start of the space race.
Berlin Wall
A guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.
Korean War combatants
The war fought between North Korea (with support from China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (with principal support from the United States).
38th Parallel
The dividing line between North and South Korea established after World War II.
Bay of Pigs
A failed invasion of Cuba by a CIA-sponsored paramilitary group on April 17, 1961, intending to overthrow Fidel Castro.
Cuban Missle Crisis
A 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba, occurring in October 1962.
Thurgood Marshall
The first African-American Supreme Court Justice, known for his success in the Brown v. Board of Education case.
Rosa Parks
A civil rights activist whose refusal to give up her seat on a segregated bus led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Martin Luther King Jr
A leader in the Civil Rights Movement, known for his nonviolent protests and famous ‘I Have a Dream’ speech.
Medger Evers
A civil rights activist and NAACP field secretary who was assassinated in 1963.
Stokely Carmichael
A civil rights activist known for his leadership in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and for popularizing the term ‘Black Power.’
Little Rock nine
A group of African-American students who integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957.
Greensboro Sit ins
Nonviolent protests in 1960 that led to the desegregation of Woolworth’s lunch counters in Greensboro, North Carolina.
Boycotts
A form of protest involving the refusal to purchase goods or services from a particular company or country.
Freedom Rides
Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into segregated southern states to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court rulings.
March on Washington
A massive protest in Washington, D.C., in 1963, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his ‘I Have a Dream’ speech.
Freedom Summer
A 1964 campaign to register African-American voters in Mississippi.
Plessy v Ferguson
A 1896 Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine.
Brown v Board of Education
A 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
24th Amendment
An amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1964, prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials.
