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309 Flight Physiology > Final Exam Review Questions > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Why is someone at altitude Hypoxic?

A

Low partial pressure of oxygen. Deficient oxygen.

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2
Q

How do you do determine if the oxygen is adequate for a person to perform at altitude?

A

Need to calculate what minimum oxygen is required for altitude.

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3
Q

How many mm of mercury do you need for proper oxygen.

A

104mm of mercury is how much you want.

Pressure X percentage

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4
Q

Definition of homeostasis

A

Body is in an environment for peak human performance.

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5
Q

What causes trapped gas?

A

Gas that is not set where it can’t escape. Boyle’s Law

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6
Q

Where do trapped gas problems form?

A

Stomach
Sinuses
Inner Ear
Teeth

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7
Q

On Ascent where is trapped gas usually found?

A

Gut and Teeth

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8
Q

On Descent where is trapped gas usually found?

A

Sinuses and Ears

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9
Q

What is decompression sickness:

A

Where gas comes out of a solution where it wasn’t before. Henry’s Law

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10
Q

When does decompression sickness occur:

A

Occurs rapid decompression or diving

Decreasing pressure.

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11
Q

Where are evolved gas problems found?

A

Skin
Joints
Brain
Chokes

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12
Q

Symptoms of Evolved gas

A 
Pain
Shortness of breath
Unable to keep up
Skin rash
Confusion
Situational awareness loss
Shaking
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13
Q

How do you treat Evolved Gas Problems

A

Descend + 100% oxygen for nitrogen out of.

Hyperbaric Chamber

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14
Q

SCREAM List and explain

A 
Supply
Connections
Regulator
Emergency
Adjustment
Mask Condition
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15
Q

Natural Course of Cabin Fire

A

Fumes overhead (cause of combustion)
Flammable gases come out but aren’t hot enough yet,
Ignite at 400 and goes to 1200 minimum in those cabins
Oxygen consumption

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16
Q

Common Oxygen Storage:

A

Gas :
High (1800-2000) Green
Low (400-450) Yellow

Liquid (Blue)

Solid State (sodium chlorate candles)

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17
Q

Two types of pressurization common in airlines and what they mean:

A

Isobaric – stays at cabin altitude

Isobaric differential – changes with flight altitude

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18
Q

Why do we pressurize?

A

DCS Hypoxia and some Trapped Gas

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19
Q

Conditions for Black Hole Approach

A

Lack of visual information

Landing & long straight in approach

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20
Q

Elevator Illusion Rhyme:

A

Pop Down Pitch down

Pop up pitch up

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21
Q

What illusion occurs by looking down in steady state turn

A

Coriolis Illusion

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22
Q

Sudden forward acceleration : what illusion and what happens

A

Sudden forward acceleration :
Pitch up feeling with acceleration
Somatogravic

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23
Q

When do you expect inversion illusion: and what Gz

A

Abrupt level off. –Gz

24
Q

CREEP

A 
C ontainer
R estraint
E nergy (crush zones, airbags but also are restraint)
E nvironment (breakaway controls)
P ost crash
25
Q

Only illusion that gives a rolling sensation :

A

Coriolis Illusion

26
Q

Positive Gz LOC Symptoms / Sequence:

A 
Symptoms:
Tunnel Vision
Pass Out
Black Out
Incapacitation
Relative incapacitation
27
Q

Prevention or Counteracting of Gz

A 
G Strain
G Suits
Hydration
Reclining Seat
Pull out of G
28
Q

+Gz decreased when you’re:

A 
Dehydrated
Tall
Thin
Low Blood Pressure
Active Runners
Hypoxic
Sickness
Intoxication
29
Q

Push Pull effect sequence:

A

-Gz to +Gz

30
Q

Why is push pull important to know about.

A

GLOC occurs at much lower rate

31
Q

Container Characteristics of :

Light : 
Medium 
Large Transport:   
High Wing: 
Float Planes: 
Helicopters:
A

Light : Engine and Gear go inward to passengers. Hit nose low – curl and lose longitudinal stability. Large Exits

Medium Transport:Bellly strike splits and exposes runway. Smallest exits

Large Transport: Huge fuel stores . 150 knots or more is dangerous but common. Lot of crush zone.

High Wing: Wings flap over exits

Float Planes: Hit and turn and flip lots of energy applied to passgeners.

Helicopters; FOD coming straight down.

32
Q

How does injury pattern analysis used in aviation?

A

Good information on how to understand how the aircraft crashed, amount of energy applied to people.

33
Q 
Injuries: 
Flail: 
Control: 
Skull Fracture:
Crowbar:
A

Flail: Back of hands, top of the feet. Didn’t have control on impact.

Control: Up into ankles, balled. Had control during impact.

Skull Fracture: Run back from impact. See pattern.

Crowbar: Bend your back pushed forward nad back doesn’t bed snapping column.

34
Q

Fatigue Effects (Human performance)

A

Priorities
Risk analysis is altered
Noncompliance

35
Q

Fatigue Management Strategies:

A

Dark Humid Cool Sleep

Caffeine 200mg or less

36
Q

Circadian Shifting:

A

Load all calories by the time we’re done eating lunch.

Exercise on front half other new day

37
Q

Temporary Threshold Shift:

A

Hearing loss temporary
Muscles are holding momentarily
Indication of hearing loss

38
Q

How do you detect permanent noise induced hearing loss:

A

4,000hz

39
Q

Limit for 8 hours without protection

A

90db

40
Q

Hearing protection what does it do:

A

Decreases intensity. Lowering Db

41
Q

Resonance in humans occurs when

A

Frequency is low

Intensity is high

42
Q

What direction of vibration is worst for humans

A

: vertical is harder to compensate but is most common

43
Q

Form of Ionizing radiation causes most damage

A

Cosmic Radiation

44
Q

Limits of exposure

A

20 per year in any 5 year run.
More than twenty just has to be less than 100 or average of 20 .
NO more than 50 in a year.

45
Q

Priorities in Survival Setting:

A

Don’t Panic
Body Temperature Control
Water
Food

46
Q

Essential Asset to survive:

A

WILL TO LIVE #1

47
Q

What’s needed for homeostasis

A

Oxygen Temperature. Pressure

48
Q

Are passenger oxygen systems built to maintain homeostasis?

A

Passenger oxygen systems are not to provide peak performance, it’s to keep them alive until you get them down quickly.

49
Q

How can you correct for hypoxia?

A

Descend

Get on Oxygen

50
Q

4 types of hypoxia, why they happen and examples.

A

Hypoxic – inadequate partial pressure in lungs
Drowning suffocation strangulation

Hypemic – Blood isn’t transporting oxygen
Carbon Monoxide poisoning,

Stagnant – Lack of adequate blood flow
-High +Gz , Blood loss, fluid shift, strokes,
Reestablish circulation

Histotoxic - Tissues are damaged
Drinking, Smoking, Cyanide (seats)
Anything with nitrogen in it.
Medication to treat the cells

51
Q

What are the mechanisms that control the respiratory rate?

A
  1. Carbon Dioxide
  2. Involuntary Control
  3. Oxygen
52
Q

Normal Respiratory Rate

A

12-16 per minute

53
Q

EPT Definition and Times from
180
250
430

A

EPT – Time of exposure to hypoxic environments until you can no longer perform in an effective manner.
180 20-30min
250 3-5 min
430 9 sec

54
Q

Factors that effect EPT

A

Altitude

Metabolism

55
Q

What is hyperventilation:

A

Co2 loss due to abnormal increase in rate of breathing

56
Q

Causes of Hyperventilation

A

Fear
Anxiety
Stress
Tension

309 Flight Physiology (2 decks)

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