Final Exam Review Flashcards
Children are not born with the bacteria that initiate the carries process. Most children acquire the transmissible cariogenic micro organisms from their mothers are primary caregivers through sharing and tasting foods on a spoon or pacifier and intimate contact, a process referred to as vertical transmission.
Both statements are true
Demineralization is initiated after a rising pH. Demineralization and re-mineralization may occur several times a day on the surfaces of the teeth.
First statement is false, second statement is true
To initiate enamel demineralization, the pH must drop to approximately
5.0-5.5
What elements disassociate from a tooth surface during the demineralization process?
Calcium and phosphate
The dentin is composed of thousands of small channels known as Tomes fibers, which contain odontoblastic processes, or dentin tubules, bathed by tissue fluids. The dentin tubules are filled with fluid and are important to hydraulically transferring and relieving stresses on the tooth
First statement is false, second statement is true?
Which sensory nerve fibers elicit a well localized sharp pain considered responsible for dentin hypersensitivity?
Myelinated A- delta fibers
The likelihood that a patient will experience dentin hypersensitivity is
10%-30%?
Which teeth are generally affected first in early childhood carries?
Primary maxillary incisors
The numerous small transverse ridges on the exposed surfaces of the enamel of the permanent teeth and the point of origin of sharpies fibers is called
Perikymata
One factor that is essential for dental caries to occur
Presence of acidogenic microorganisms
Which of the following micro organisms primarily secretes lactic acid?
Streptococcus mutans
With regard to sensitivity, the mechanism of action of potassium nitrate is to
Reduce nerve excitability by blocking repolarization of nerve endings
Chlorhexidine gluconate rinse is effective in the reduction of carries causing bacteria along with the pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine gluconate is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent
Both statements are true
What surrounds the cell membrane of the odontoblast?
Dentinal fluid
What type of bacteria is most often implicated in root caries?
Actinomycetes
Desensitizing agents that precipitate calcium fluoride on other compounds to block exposed or open tubules are classified as what?
Tubule obtundants
What is the single most reliable factor in identifying a future risk for caries activity?
Recent caries experience
The presence of which of the following inhibits dissolution and enhances the remineralization process?
Fluoride
To increase its effectiveness A mild electrical current is applied to a dentifrice, which is applied to the tooth. This process is termed
Iontophoresis
Which teeth typically have the highest incidence of dentin sensitivity?
Canine and pre-molar
Chronic, long-term relief for tooth sensitivity is best treated with
Continual use of fluoride containing products
What type of nerve fibers produces a dull, non-localized aching pain that is felt with direct pulpal stimulation?
Unmyelinated C fibers
Which of the following additives has been shown to control dental caries by preventing the transmission of cariogenic bacteria from mother to infant?
Xylitol
Which of the following is not a way dentin can become exposed to the oral environment?
Protein precipitant
The most numerous of all white blood cells, representing our first line of defense are
Neutrophils
Which of the following is an active re-mineralizing agent in an over the counter dentifrice?
Amorphous calcium phosphate
Potassium chloride is effective in reducing hypersensitivity because it affects the action caused within the tubules by increasing the excitability of the intradental nerves and altering the membrane potential
Neither the statement nor the reason is correct
Which of the following best describes dentin discomfort, or pain, resulting from hypersensitivity that occurs in exposed dentin in response to mechanical, chemical, thermal, evaporative, tactile, or osmotic stimulus through the tooth surface?
A sharp pain of limited duration
The movement of small molecules between spaces in enamel crystals occurs through which type of channel?
Diffusion
From a legal perspective, cultural competence can help to avoid
Liability and malpractice claims
Each of the following agents may be effective in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity except which one?
Sodium bicarbonate
Recaldent is a complex of casein phosphopeptide an amorphous calcium phosphate that precipitated the calcium and phosphate ions needed to re-mineralize teeth. CPP and ACP are used in place of fluoride products
First statement is true, second statement is false?
Which of the following bacteria is most commonly involved in the carries process?
Streptococcus mutans
Iontophoresis is commonly used because it diffuses fluoride ions directly into dentin tissue, which strengthens the dentin tubules and contributes to the regrowth of enamel.
Neither the statement nor the reason is correct
Which bacteria is an early colonizer that is associated with the tongue?
Streptococci salivarius
The result of the basic erosive where examination is not only a measure of the severity of the condition but also a guide for management. Scores one and two indicate dentin involvement
First statement is true, second statement is false
Each of the following techniques is used to treat dentin hypersensitivity except which one?
Tubule dehydration
In the presence of fermentable carbohydrates, specific micro organisms can produce organic acids that are capable of which of the following
Dissolving calcium and phosphate from the enamel and Denton
Biphosphonates are a class of drugs used to reduce the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis. Oral biphosphonates are most strongly linked with the development of biphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Both statements are true?
A tubule obtundent should be recommended when
There is exposed dentin accompanied by symptoms of pain when any type of stimuli provokes a reaction
Secondary prevention can also be termed
Restorative care
Which of the following is not one of the most common fluoride releasing materials currently used in dentistry
Topical fluoride products