Final Exam Review Flashcards
Children are not born with the bacteria that initiate the carries process. Most children acquire the transmissible cariogenic micro organisms from their mothers are primary caregivers through sharing and tasting foods on a spoon or pacifier and intimate contact, a process referred to as vertical transmission.
Both statements are true
Demineralization is initiated after a rising pH. Demineralization and re-mineralization may occur several times a day on the surfaces of the teeth.
First statement is false, second statement is true
To initiate enamel demineralization, the pH must drop to approximately
5.0-5.5
What elements disassociate from a tooth surface during the demineralization process?
Calcium and phosphate
The dentin is composed of thousands of small channels known as Tomes fibers, which contain odontoblastic processes, or dentin tubules, bathed by tissue fluids. The dentin tubules are filled with fluid and are important to hydraulically transferring and relieving stresses on the tooth
First statement is false, second statement is true?
Which sensory nerve fibers elicit a well localized sharp pain considered responsible for dentin hypersensitivity?
Myelinated A- delta fibers
The likelihood that a patient will experience dentin hypersensitivity is
10%-30%?
Which teeth are generally affected first in early childhood carries?
Primary maxillary incisors
The numerous small transverse ridges on the exposed surfaces of the enamel of the permanent teeth and the point of origin of sharpies fibers is called
Perikymata
One factor that is essential for dental caries to occur
Presence of acidogenic microorganisms
Which of the following micro organisms primarily secretes lactic acid?
Streptococcus mutans
With regard to sensitivity, the mechanism of action of potassium nitrate is to
Reduce nerve excitability by blocking repolarization of nerve endings
Chlorhexidine gluconate rinse is effective in the reduction of carries causing bacteria along with the pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Chlorhexidine gluconate is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent
Both statements are true
What surrounds the cell membrane of the odontoblast?
Dentinal fluid
What type of bacteria is most often implicated in root caries?
Actinomycetes
Desensitizing agents that precipitate calcium fluoride on other compounds to block exposed or open tubules are classified as what?
Tubule obtundants
What is the single most reliable factor in identifying a future risk for caries activity?
Recent caries experience
The presence of which of the following inhibits dissolution and enhances the remineralization process?
Fluoride
To increase its effectiveness A mild electrical current is applied to a dentifrice, which is applied to the tooth. This process is termed
Iontophoresis
Which teeth typically have the highest incidence of dentin sensitivity?
Canine and pre-molar
Chronic, long-term relief for tooth sensitivity is best treated with
Continual use of fluoride containing products
What type of nerve fibers produces a dull, non-localized aching pain that is felt with direct pulpal stimulation?
Unmyelinated C fibers
Which of the following additives has been shown to control dental caries by preventing the transmission of cariogenic bacteria from mother to infant?
Xylitol
Which of the following is not a way dentin can become exposed to the oral environment?
Protein precipitant
The most numerous of all white blood cells, representing our first line of defense are
Neutrophils
Which of the following is an active re-mineralizing agent in an over the counter dentifrice?
Amorphous calcium phosphate
Potassium chloride is effective in reducing hypersensitivity because it affects the action caused within the tubules by increasing the excitability of the intradental nerves and altering the membrane potential
Neither the statement nor the reason is correct
Which of the following best describes dentin discomfort, or pain, resulting from hypersensitivity that occurs in exposed dentin in response to mechanical, chemical, thermal, evaporative, tactile, or osmotic stimulus through the tooth surface?
A sharp pain of limited duration
The movement of small molecules between spaces in enamel crystals occurs through which type of channel?
Diffusion
From a legal perspective, cultural competence can help to avoid
Liability and malpractice claims
Each of the following agents may be effective in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity except which one?
Sodium bicarbonate
Recaldent is a complex of casein phosphopeptide an amorphous calcium phosphate that precipitated the calcium and phosphate ions needed to re-mineralize teeth. CPP and ACP are used in place of fluoride products
First statement is true, second statement is false?
Which of the following bacteria is most commonly involved in the carries process?
Streptococcus mutans
Iontophoresis is commonly used because it diffuses fluoride ions directly into dentin tissue, which strengthens the dentin tubules and contributes to the regrowth of enamel.
Neither the statement nor the reason is correct
Which bacteria is an early colonizer that is associated with the tongue?
Streptococci salivarius
The result of the basic erosive where examination is not only a measure of the severity of the condition but also a guide for management. Scores one and two indicate dentin involvement
First statement is true, second statement is false
Each of the following techniques is used to treat dentin hypersensitivity except which one?
Tubule dehydration
In the presence of fermentable carbohydrates, specific micro organisms can produce organic acids that are capable of which of the following
Dissolving calcium and phosphate from the enamel and Denton
Biphosphonates are a class of drugs used to reduce the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis. Oral biphosphonates are most strongly linked with the development of biphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaw.
Both statements are true?
A tubule obtundent should be recommended when
There is exposed dentin accompanied by symptoms of pain when any type of stimuli provokes a reaction
Secondary prevention can also be termed
Restorative care
Which of the following is not one of the most common fluoride releasing materials currently used in dentistry
Topical fluoride products
The relationship between acid levels of the tooth surface and time following consumption of sugar is
Stephen curve
Each of the following statements are true of A Delta fibers except which one?
A Delta fibers are commonly associated with electrical stimuli
What covers healthy dentin in the clinical crown in the anatomical root portion of the tooth
Enamel and cementum
Which of the following is not a treatment option for a carious lesion that involves the pulp?
Re-mineralization
The obligation to engage in the process of cultural competence is a professional responsibility grounded and societal expectation. Dental providers can demonstrate respect for cultural differences by acknowledging that a patient believes and values on preventive care may be different than their own
Both statements are true
A delta sensory nerve fibers are myelinated and responsible for well localized short duration sensations. C fibers are on myelinated fibers characterized by poorly localized aching pain
Both statements are true?
Select the treatment that decreases tubule diameter and interrupts the nerve transmission and fluid flow to the pulp
Protein precipitants
What is the layer of collagen and calcified material that cannot be brushed off but yet blocks the dentinal tubules
Smear layer
Your patient has just concluded orthodontic therapy and is upset about the white areas in the former location of the brackets. Which of the following would be the best dentifrice recommendation for this patient
Remineralization dentifrice with fluoride and calcium phosphate
What are the four primary factors implicated in the development of a carious lesion?
A susceptible host tooth, acidogenic micro organisms, available fermentable carbohydrate substrate, and a sufficient period of time for these factors to occur
Select the condition that would benefit the most from using the Charters method
Orthodontic appliances
The two bacteria most often implicated and routine periodontal disease includes
Porphymonous gingivalis
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
The rampant carries that often occurs because of the destruction of the oral salivary gland’s that have been in the x-ray beam as a part of cancer treatment is called
?
The salivary glands are —— glands meaning that there secretion leaves the glands to bathe the oral cavity
Exocrine
Mucositis is a concern for patients who have which treatment types?
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy
Which salivary gland secretes the majority of the sodium bicarbonate that is essential in neutralizing acids produced by cariogenic bacteria
Parotid gland
Rotary toothbrushes are better versus sonic toothbrushes are manual toothbrush is. Given that the scientific evidence does not dictate one type of toothbrush over another, and the practice setting clinical judgment and patient values are equal determining factors and the type of brush that is recommended
?
—— Refers to the number of new cases of a disease and a specified population during one year per 100,000 individuals
Incidence
—— Is the repair of enamel rods after prolonged exposure to an acidic environment
Remineralization
A chronic inflammatory dermatological disease that frequently manifest as lesions of the oral cavity is called
?
—— Involves the degree of alteration of cells from their normal morphology and function
Differentiation
——— Syndrome is also known as hyper IGE syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by an over abundant production of IGE. The primary dictation does not exfoliate, which can result in two very crowded sets of teeth being present at the same time
Job
Dislocation or displacement of a tooth is called
Luxation?
Lack of sufficient blood to a part of the body is called
Ischemia
Exfoliative cytology involves the microscopic examination of cells obtained from tissue. Because more than 90% of oral cancer is arise from epithelial tissue, exfoliative cytology is an affective screening aid to determine whether to biopsy a lesion
Both statements are true
—— Is a rare genetic disease of the white blood cells. The leukocytes cannot migrate to site of infection and one of the first signs of this disorder is severe periodontal disease in children
?
—— Is a fibrous, sulfur containing proteins which cannot be penetrated even by gastric acid
Keratin
A pre-malignant condition during which cells undergo a combination of cellular and architectural changes is called
?
Humoral immunity is carried out by T cells from the thymus. Cellular immunity is carried out by the B cells from the bone marrow
Both statements are false
What is the term that describes the heat treatment in which each filament and on a toothbrush is sealed and rounded
End rounding
A process that occurs when the damage is slow growing cementoblasts allows osteoblasts to attach areas of bone directly to the root before the cementoblast can cover the root with cementum. The direct attachment above needs recontouring of the physiological bone, with the entire root being replaced by bone. This is called —— resorption
Replacement
Which of the following chemical cleansers has the potential to whiten an acrylic denture?
Alkaline hypo chlorite
Granulomas are a systemic response to a foreign substance that has invaded a body tissue. Typically, granuloma’s are painful and must heal on their own so they do not recur
Both statements are false
Hyperbaric oxygen is used in the treatment of
?
A quick response to — indicates inflammation and often time indicates a need for a root canal therapy
?
Class three crown fracture involves
Enamel, dentin, and pulpal tissue
Drooling or excessive salivation is called
Sialorrhea
—— Are made of granulamatous tissue, which occasionally forms in large carious lesions
?
The bass method of toothbrushing is not acceptable for all patients. This method is effective at removing the plaque at the gingival margin and directly below it
First statement is false, second statement is true
—— Is accomplished by determining the degree of differentiation exhibited by the cells and how closely the cells resemble normal tissue structures
?
In which of the following oral disease state is the host defense response more responsible for tissue destruction to the pathogen’s themselves?
?
Cementum is the hardest substance in the human body, harder than cortical bone. Enamel is composed of fluorapatite
First statement is false, second statement is true
Malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial tissue is called
Carcinomas
Actinic chelitis is a demonstrated pre-cancerous lesion usually occurring on the lower lip. Actinic chelitis frequently progresses to squamous cell carcinoma
?
Dentistry is concerned most with which immunoglobulin
IgA
—— is the building of vascular tissue needed to sustain cancerous growth
?
Tobacco cessation medication should be discussed with and recommended to patients as part of a tobacco dependency intervention because they are able
Aid in the reduction of withdrawal symptoms
—— Is the primary cause of tonsillar cancer
Human papilloma virus
Identify the product that can reduce sub gingival bacteria in pockets up to 6 mm
Pulsating oral irrigator
Autofluorescence is a handheld device the clinician uses to observe changes in appearance of oral tissues. Abnormal tissue typically appears as an irregular, dark area that stands out against the otherwise normal green fluorescent pattern surrounding healthy tissue
Both statements are true
Which of the following statements about white spot lesion is most correct?
? Decalcified/ demineralized enamel
The presence of which of the following inhibits dissolution and enhances the remineralization process?
Fluoride
Lactobacilli tend to suppress or displace other acidogenic bacteria. Lactobacilli thrive in a very high pH environment and are one of the least acid tolerant of the cariogenic micro organisms.
The statement is correct, but the reason is not
Potassium chloride is effective in reducing hypersensitivity because it affects the action caused within the tubules by increasing the excitability of the inter-dental nerves and altering the membrane potential
.
The movement of small molecules between spaces and enamel crystals occurs through which type of channel?
Diffusion
Patients at high risk for carries need to retain higher fluoride reservoirs. Dental hygienist should advise carries prone individuals to spit out remaining toothpaste when brushing their teeth and avoid rinsing with water.
.
Each of the following agents may be effective in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity except which one?
Sodium bicarbonate
What is responsible for 50 to 60% of restorations needing to be replaced?
Secondary caries
Iontophoresis is commonly used because it diffuses fluoride ions directly into dentin tissue, which strengthens the dentin tubules and contributes to the regrowth of enamel.
Neither the statement nor the reason is correct
Which bacteria is an early colonizer that is associated with the tongue?
Streptococcus salivarius
Biphosphonates are a class of drugs used to reduce the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis. Oral biphosphonate’s are most strongly linked with the development of biphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaw.
.
Which of the following is not one of the most common fluoride releasing materials currently used in dentistry?
Topical fluoride products
Select the desensitizing agents that are classified as proteins precipitants
Silver nitrate
Strontium chloride
